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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sequential analysis of variation in glomerular filtration rate to calculate the haemodynamic response to a meat meal.
No full textRenal reserve is normal in adults born with unilateral renal agenesis and is not related to hyperfiltration or renal failure
No full textThis study was carried out to examine the renal hemodynamic response in adult patients with single kidneys born with unilateral renal agenesis. A group of 21 patients with unilateral renal agenesis were divided into three groups according to their glomerular filtration rate (GFR): 112 ± 3 ml/min x 1.73 m2 in group A, 68 ± 3.2 ml/min x 1.73 m2 in group B, and 40.7 ± 3.3 ml/min x 1.73 m2 in group C. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in the patients of group C who were also proteinuric. The renal hemodynamic response to an oral protein load (2 g/kg of protein as beefsteak) was normal in all groups and unrelated to hyperfiltration or to renal failure and proteinuria. The study indicates that in patients with renal agenesis, the hemodynamic response to a protein challenge is similar to that of kidney donors, renal transplant recipients and uninephrectomized patients. The paper also demonstrates that the renal response to a protein challenge is inadequate to identify patients with renal agenesis who are at risk of developing renal disease. Finally, in renal agenesis with renal disease, creatinine clearance overestimated the GFR by an average of 32.7%
Sequential analysis of variation in glomerular filtration rate to calculate the haemodynamic response to a meat meal
No full textBackground The renal haemodynamic response to a meat meal is usually measured as either filtration capacity (maximal achieved GFR), or renal reserve (maximal GFR increase over baseline), or percent renal reserve (maximal GFR increase as a percentage of baseline). The time-course of GFR response to a meat meal varies in different individuals as the peak GFR tends to occur late in renal disease. This study proposes a new method to measure the GFR response independently of differences in peaking time. Methods The study is based on measurement of GFR (inulin clearance, ml/min×1.73 m2BSA) in three 30-min pre-meal clearance periods (baseline) followed by analysis of the GFR changes for up to 180 min (four 30-min and one 60-min clearance periods) after a meat meal (2 g of protein/kg of BW as red cooked meat). Data were analysed from 85 healthy people (GFR≥100) and 273 individuals with renal disease (RD) who were divided into three groups based on their baseline GFR (RD1, n=115, GFR 99−66; RD2, n=85, GFR 65−33; RD3, n=73, GFR<33). Results In healthy people after the meat meal GFR peaked between 30 and 60 min and returned to baseline by 120 min. In the three RD groups GFR peaked later than in healthy people (P<0.001) and remained higher than baseline for up to 180 min (P<0.001). Cumulative post-meal GFR changes, calculated as cumulative GFR increase over baseline up to 120 min after meal (ml/120min±1.73m2BSA), were significantly different (P<0.01) in the four groups (healthy people, 937±141; RD1, 1222±141; RD2, 587±104; RD3, 361±89). Interindividual variability in cumulative GFR increase was only partially explained by the value of nitration capacity (r2=0.285), renal reserve (r2=0.640), and percent renal reserve (r2=0.175). Conclusions The data indicate that commonly used parameters are poor indices of the actual total time-course of the renal response to a protein load. © 1995 European Dialysis and Transplant Association-European Renal Association
Effect of an acute oral protein load on renal acidification in healthy humans and in patients with chronic renal failure
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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