1,721,069 research outputs found
Urethral cancer: a comprehensive review endorsed by the Global Society of Rare Genitourinary Tumours
No full textObjective: to determine the effectiveness and adverse effects of urethrectomy alone or as part of multimodal therapy (MMT).Methods: a comprehensive search was conducted across MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, LILACS and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, from their inception to the present date. The study cohort comprised individuals aged 16 years and older diagnosed with urethral tumours at any stage who underwent either isolated urethrectomy or urethrectomy as an integral component of MMT.Results: ninety-two studies comprising 25 480 patients met the inclusion criteria. Surgical outcomes for urethral cancer vary considerably, with 5-year overall survival (OS) ranging from 10% to 68% based on disease extent, approach, and gender. Radiotherapy (RT) alone provides 5-year OS of approximately 40%. Combined regimens provide better outcomes compared to single modalities, including reduced recurrence and enhanced survival. However, trimodal therapy showed survival benefits only for urothelial subtypes, indicating the need to tailor management according to cancer type. MMT with neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery demonstrated the most consistent survival gains.Conclusions: the management of urethral cancer demands a nuanced, personalised approach, accounting for factors such as tumour location, sex, and tumour stage. MMT combining surgery, chemotherapy and RT has shown the ability to enhance outcomes in advanced disease. More extensive collaborative studies through specialised centres are imperative to advance evidence-based protocols and refine treatment in order to improve survival
Genitourinary manifestations of Lynch syndrome in the urological practice
No full textObjective: Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder resulting from germline mutation in at least one of the four mismatch repair genes or in EPCAM gene. From a clinical perspective, LS patients exhibit an increased predisposition to multiple primary malignancies and early age of onset compared to general population. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of all the genitourinary manifestations of LS, focusing on incidence, diagnosis, clinical features, therapeutic strategies, and screening protocols. Methods: Previous literature was assessed through Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. A narrative review of the most relevant articles from January 1996 to June 2021 on urological manifestations of LS was provided. Results: In the LS tumor spectrum, upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) represents the third most frequent malignancy, and the first most common cancer in the urological field, with an approximately 14-fold increased risk of developing UTUC compared to general population. LS diagnosis among patients experiencing UTUC as first malignancy is a step-by-step process, including (i) clinical criteria, (ii) molecular testing, and (iii) genetic testing to confirm the hereditary disorder. The current European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines recommend to perform molecular testing among UTUC patients under 65 years old, or UTUC patients with personal history of LS-related tumor, or UTUC patients with one first-degree relative under the age of 50 years with LS-related tumor, or UTUC patients with two first-degree relatives with LS-related tumor regardless of age of onset. Newly diagnosed LS patients should be referred to a multidisciplinary management, including gastroenterologists and gynecologists. Finally, considering the increased risk of metachronous recurrence, treatments other than radical nephroureterectomy may be a valuable therapeutic alternative. Whether urological malignancies other than UTUC should be included in the LS tumor spectrum is still controversial. Conclusion: Considering the strict association between UTUC and LS, we believe that the urologist should recognize patients at increased risk for hereditary disease according to current EAU clinical criteria and address them to a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm, including molecular evaluation and genetic testing. To date, literature lacks clear evidence regarding the role of LS in developing bladder cancer, prostate cancer, or renal cell carcinoma, and current data are still inconclusive, highlighting the urgent need for further studies
Prostate Cancer
Get PDFThe present textbook highlights many of the exciting discoveries made in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer over the past decade. International thought leaders have contributed to this effort providing a comprehensive and state-of-the art review of the signaling pathways and genetic alterations essential in prostate cancer. This work provides an essential resource for healthcare professionals and scientists dedicated to this field. This textbook is dedicated to the efforts and advances made by our scientific community, realizing we have much to learn in striving to some day in the not too distant future cure this disease particularly among those with an aggressive tumor biology
Prostate Cancer
No full textThis book encompasses three sections pertaining to the topics of cancer biology, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic novelties. It represents an essential resource for healthcare professionals and scientist dedicated to the field of prostate cancer research. This book is a celebration of the significant advances made within this field over the past decade, with the hopes that this is the stepping stone for the eradication of this potentially debilitating and/or fatal malignancy
Prostate Cancer
Get PDFIn this book entitled "Prostate Cancer - Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances", we highlight many of the significant advances made in our treatment armamentarium of prostate cancer. The book is subdivided into four sections termed: 1) novel diagnostic approaches, 2) surgical treatments options, 3) radiation therapy and its potential sequelae, and 4) medical management and its treatment complications. After reading the present book , readers will be very familiar with the major clinical advances made in our multifaceted treatment approach to prostate cancer over the past decade.This book is a tribute to our pioneering urologists and allied healthcare professionals who have continually pushed forward our traditional therapeutic envelope
Highlights of natural compounds in prostate cancer drug discovery
Get PDFThe remarkable impact of natural products (NPs) in the quest for new agents and new directions in medicinal discovery is well established. The exploration of Nature as a source of novel active agents that may serve as leads and scaffolds for drugs targeting a myriad of diseases and the use of synthetic organic chemistry to modify them have been a driving force for drug discovery. Worldwide, prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of death after lung cancer on both USA and Australia, and the third after lung and colo-rectal cancers in Europe
Prostate Cancer
Get PDFThis book encompasses three sections pertaining to the topics of cancer biology, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic novelties. It represents an essential resource for healthcare professionals and scientist dedicated to the field of prostate cancer research. This book is a celebration of the significant advances made within this field over the past decade, with the hopes that this is the stepping stone for the eradication of this potentially debilitating and/or fatal malignancy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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