1,720,957 research outputs found
Cfd analysis of coffee packaging in capsules using gas flushing modified atmosphere packaging
No full textThe aim of this work is to analyze, by means of CFD, the gas flow in a packaging machine used to fill polymeric capsules with coffee. The final goal is to optimize the geometric shape of some of the mechanical components in the machine's sealing station in order to reduce inert gas consumption (N2 in this case) and, at the same time, achieve an O2 residual which is constantly equal or below 1% by mass in the center of the capsule. The fluid domain has been obtained starting from the 3D CAD model of thethe sealing station of the packaging machine. The CAD software SolidWorks (version 2014) has been used to design the system, while Ansys CFX 14.5 software has been used for the CFD analysis. The CFD model has been validated by comparing the simulation results with those obtained by experimental tests. The modified solution allows reducing the O2 residual from almost 3% to less than 1%
Modelling and Multi-objective Optimisation of the VHP Pouch Packaging Sterilisation Process
No full textSpouted pouches are being increasingly used in the beverage sector. However, aseptic packaging technology used for spouted pouches requires a highly complex sterilisation and rinsing process for the packaging materials before filling. This paper deals with the pouch packaging sterilisation process used in aseptic technology. A mixture composed of vaporised hydrogen peroxide and hot sterile air is injected into the package through a sterilisation nozzle. A CFD multicomponent model in ANSYS CFX (version 14.5) has been created and validated in order to simulate the real process. Based on this model, the paper aims to minimise hydrogen peroxide consumption and optimise the sterilisation treatment of the packaging. This issue has been approached using multi-objective optimisation software applied to CFD multicomponent simulations. The most suitable nozzle position inside the pouch has been established, as well as the optimal treatment time, concentration and flow rate of the sterilising mixture
CFD Analysis of Coffee Packaging in Capsules using Gas Flushing Modified Atmosphere Packaging
No full textThe aim of this work is to analyze, by means of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), the gas flow in a packaging machine used to fill polymeric capsules with coffee. The final goal is to optimize the geometric shape of some mechanical components in the machine’s sealing station in order to reduce the inert gas consumption achieving an O2 residual which is constantly equal or below 1 % by mass in the center of the capsule. The fluid domain has been obtained starting from the 3D CAD model of the sealing station of the packaging machine. The CAD software SolidWorks has been used to design the system, while Ansys CFX 14.5 software has been used for the CFD analysis. The CFD model has been validated by comparing its results with those obtained by experimental tests. The modified solution allows reducing the average O2 residual from about 3 % to less than 1 %
Modelling and simulation of nitrogen injection in vegetable olive oil
No full textThe aim of this work is to analyze, by means of a
CFD analysis, the injection of gaseous Nitrogen (N2) in
vegetable oil.
This process, called sparging, is important to
enhance oil shelf-life, because it allows to separate by
stripping the Oxygen (O2) dissolved in the product. In
fact, when the tank filling begins, N2 bubbles start to
rise towards the free surface of the product, dragging
along with themselves part of the dissolved O2. In this
way the probability of initiation of oxidative reactions is
reduced and, consequently, is reduced also the
possibility of oil degradation.
The final goal of this work is to compare different
sparger configurations and observe how they influence
the stripping process during the tank filling phase.
The various configurations have been compared in
terms of O2 residual inside the tank at the end of the
filling phase. The simulations still need to be
experimentally validated
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Feasibility study of an augmented reality application to enhance the operators' safety in the usage of a fruit extractor
No full textThis paper proposes a framework to carry out a feasibility study of the implementation of augmented reality (AR) systems in the manufacturing context, to enhance the safety of employees in carrying out maintenance tasks. AR systems are recognized as effective tools to help a user perform tasks and operations, by adding virtual information (such as livevideo stream, pictures, or instructions) to the real-world environment. A feasibility study and its application to a real context has been carried on in collaboration with a primary manufacturer of food equipment. The targeted machine is a hot-break juice extractor, manufactured by the company; the machine is used to separate juice from fruit pieces The operation where the AR systems is intended to be applied is a maintenance task, concerning the cleaning or substitution of the porous sieves of the machine. Such a task should be carried out at least every 12 hours of functioning of the machine. The main steps for the development of the AR solution, as well as the expected pros/cons of its implementation and usage are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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