1,720,974 research outputs found
Dispositivo automatizzato per la riabilitazione motoria e per la valutazione della funzionalità degli arti anteriori in modelli animali
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Long term intake of barley beta-D-glucan attenuates glucose intolerance, mood disorders and cognitive decline in high-fat diet-induced obese mice exposed to chronic psychosocial stress
No full textHigh-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity causes insulin resistance and increases vulnerability to chronic psychosocial stress-induced dysfunctions, including anxiety and mood disorders, cognitive decline and myocardial ischemia. The inhibition of class I histone deacetylases leads to metabolic homeostasis and dietary barley (1.3) beta-D-glucan (β-D-glucan), a water-soluble polysaccharide, increases levels of histone H4 acetylation. We tested whether the long-term intake of β-D-glucan prevents glucose intolerance, affective disorders and cognitive decline in stressed obese mice. 24 male mice C57BL/6 were fed three different diets for 18 wks: 1) standard diet (SD; 10% Kcal from fat; n=8), 2) HFD (58% Kcal from fat; n=8) or 3) HFD supplemented with 3% w/v β-D-glucan (HFD+BG; 58% Kcal from fat; n=8). From the 16th to the 18th wk all animals underwent to the resident-intruder stress test. Before and after chronic stress, the anxiety-related behaviour and the spatial working memory were evaluated by elevated plus-maze (PM; entries in open arms, %) and Y-maze test (YM; spontaneous alternation, %). At the end of the experiment, plasma brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the hippocampal expression of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrKB, the BDNF receptor) were evaluated because of their key role in energy balance and in the pathogenesis of affective and cognitive disorders. At the 16th wk, HFD’s body weight was increased compared to SD group (+36.6%, p<0.01), but the β-D-glucan supplementation prevented the HFD-induced weight gain. The glucose tolerance test area under the curve (AUC; 0–120 min) was higher in HFD than SD mice fasted (447.7 ± 55 vs 259.1 ± 23.4 mg/dL*min: p<0.001); although, it was lower (−25.8%, p<0.01) in the HFD+BG compared to HFD group. Compared to SD group, open arm activity at the16th week was lower in the HFD (−250%, p<0.001) than in the HFD+BG group (−55.5% p<0.05). After stress, the entries in open arms were absent in HFD mice and were further reduced (−75%, p<0.01) in SD animals, yet the open arm activity was unchanged in HFD+BG group. Spatial working memory after 16 wks. was similar in all groups, but after stress it was reduced only in HFD mice (−18.9%, p<0.01). Compared to SD, reduction of BDNF plasma levels was detected in HFD mice, but not in HFD+BG group (SD, 66 ± 22 pg/ml; HFD, 27 ± 11 pg/ml; HFD+BG, 78 ± 32 pg/ml, p<0.05). The hippocampal expression of TrKB in HFD+BG group was significantly higher than HFD mice (HFD+BG, 0.63 ± 0.13 a.u.; SD, 0.5± 0.1 a.u.; HFD, 0.44 ± 0.05 a.u., p<0.05). In conclusion, β-D-glucan intake attenuates glucose intolerance and improves the stress-induced response in obese mice through the upregulation of hippocampal BDNF/TrkB pathway. Our data provide a basis for developing a new nutraceutical approach for the protection against obesity/stress-related disorders
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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