1,720,970 research outputs found
Medicines misuse : characterization and assessment. Cases of benzodiazepines and weak opioids.
No full textLe mésusage des médicaments est souvent défini comme l’utilisation inappropriée des médicaments au regard des recommandations en vigueur, ou des caractéristiques de l’individu. Certains médicaments à fort potentiel de mésusage, tels que les benzodiazépines ou les opioïdes, font l’objet d’une surveillance rapprochée. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de caractériser le mésusage, et de l’évaluer à partir de deux classes médicamenteuses : les benzodiazépines et les opiacés faibles. Dans un premier temps, nous avons réalisé une revue systématique de la littérature ayant pour objectifs de caractériser et classer les définitions de mésusage, et d’en identifier les plus appropriées. Cette revue a permis d’identifier les définitions les plus adaptées à l’évaluation du mésusage selon le type de données disponibles pour son évaluation. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons étudié l’utilisation et le mésusage des opiacés faibles à partir des bases de données médico-administratives françaises : le système national des données de santé (SNDS). Cette étude a mis en évidence que, parmi les nouveaux utilisateurs d’opiacés faibles, plus d’un tiers les utilisaient en première intention et que leur mésusage à un an, variant de 2 à 3 %, pouvait concerner au moins 270 000 utilisateurs par an en France. Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés aux déterminants associés au non-respect des recommandations d’arrêt des benzodiazépines en médecine générale, le médecin généraliste ayant un rôle central dans la prise en charge des patients. Ce travail a souligné que les perceptions des médecins généralistes vis-à-vis de la balance bénéfice-risque des médicaments ou encore des préférences des patients étaient aussi importantes que leurs caractéristiques sociodémographiques pour expliquer leurs pratiques lors de l’arrêt d’un traitement. Ces résultats permettent l’obtention d’une vision globale du mésusage passant par sa caractérisation, sa quantification et ses déterminants. Ils soulignent la nécessité de poursuivre les mesures de sensibilisation à l’usage des médicaments psychoactifs en France.Medicines misuse is often defined as the inappropriate use of medicines according to current guidelines or patients’ characteristics. Some medicines with a high potential for misuse, such as benzodiazepines or opioids, are subject to close monitoring. The aim of this thesis was to characterise medicines misuse and to assess it on the basis of two therapeutic classes: benzodiazepines and weak opioids. Firstly, we carried out a systematic review of the literature aiming at characterise and classify misuse definitions and identify the most appropriate ones. This review allowed us to identify the most appropriate definitions to assess medicine misuse according to the type of data available. Secondly, we studied the use and misuse of weak opioids using French medico-administrative databases: the national health data system (SNDS). This study revealed that among new users of weak opioids more than a third used them as a firstline treatment and that their misuse at one year, ranging from 2% to 3%, could involve at less 270,000 users per year in France. Finally, we investigated the determinants associated with general practitioners’ (GPs) non-compliance with benzodiazepine discontinuation guidelines as GPs have a central role in patients’ care. This work highlighted that GPs’ perceptions of the drug benefit-risk ratio and patients’ preferences were as important as their socio-demographic characteristics for explaining their deprescribing practices. These results provide a global picture of misuse through its characterisation, quantification and determinants. They underline the need for further awareness-raising measures on psychoactive medicines in France
Mésusage des médicaments : caractérisation et évaluation. Cas des benzodiazépines et opiacés faibles.
No full textMedicines misuse is often defined as the inappropriate use of medicines according to current guidelines or patients’ characteristics. Some medicines with a high potential for misuse, such as benzodiazepines or opioids, are subject to close monitoring. The aim of this thesis was to characterise medicines misuse and to assess it on the basis of two therapeutic classes: benzodiazepines and weak opioids. Firstly, we carried out a systematic review of the literature aiming at characterise and classify misuse definitions and identify the most appropriate ones. This review allowed us to identify the most appropriate definitions to assess medicine misuse according to the type of data available. Secondly, we studied the use and misuse of weak opioids using French medico-administrative databases: the national health data system (SNDS). This study revealed that among new users of weak opioids more than a third used them as a firstline treatment and that their misuse at one year, ranging from 2% to 3%, could involve at less 270,000 users per year in France. Finally, we investigated the determinants associated with general practitioners’ (GPs) non-compliance with benzodiazepine discontinuation guidelines as GPs have a central role in patients’ care. This work highlighted that GPs’ perceptions of the drug benefit-risk ratio and patients’ preferences were as important as their socio-demographic characteristics for explaining their deprescribing practices. These results provide a global picture of misuse through its characterisation, quantification and determinants. They underline the need for further awareness-raising measures on psychoactive medicines in France.Le mésusage des médicaments est souvent défini comme l’utilisation inappropriée des médicaments au regard des recommandations en vigueur, ou des caractéristiques de l’individu. Certains médicaments à fort potentiel de mésusage, tels que les benzodiazépines ou les opioïdes, font l’objet d’une surveillance rapprochée. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de caractériser le mésusage, et de l’évaluer à partir de deux classes médicamenteuses : les benzodiazépines et les opiacés faibles. Dans un premier temps, nous avons réalisé une revue systématique de la littérature ayant pour objectifs de caractériser et classer les définitions de mésusage, et d’en identifier les plus appropriées. Cette revue a permis d’identifier les définitions les plus adaptées à l’évaluation du mésusage selon le type de données disponibles pour son évaluation. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons étudié l’utilisation et le mésusage des opiacés faibles à partir des bases de données médico-administratives françaises : le système national des données de santé (SNDS). Cette étude a mis en évidence que, parmi les nouveaux utilisateurs d’opiacés faibles, plus d’un tiers les utilisaient en première intention et que leur mésusage à un an, variant de 2 à 3 %, pouvait concerner au moins 270 000 utilisateurs par an en France. Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés aux déterminants associés au non-respect des recommandations d’arrêt des benzodiazépines en médecine générale, le médecin généraliste ayant un rôle central dans la prise en charge des patients. Ce travail a souligné que les perceptions des médecins généralistes vis-à-vis de la balance bénéfice-risque des médicaments ou encore des préférences des patients étaient aussi importantes que leurs caractéristiques sociodémographiques pour expliquer leurs pratiques lors de l’arrêt d’un traitement. Ces résultats permettent l’obtention d’une vision globale du mésusage passant par sa caractérisation, sa quantification et ses déterminants. Ils soulignent la nécessité de poursuivre les mesures de sensibilisation à l’usage des médicaments psychoactifs en France
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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