1,721,264 research outputs found
Politica economica: le politiche nel nuovo scenario europeo e globale
No full textQuesto libro, pur prendendo le mosse dai modelli economici di base e dalle teorie sviluppate dalle principali scuole di pensiero, dedica la maggior parte dei capitoli all’illustrazione e spiegazione dei problemi economici concreti, afferenti all’economia mondiale, a quella europea ed infine a quella italiana. In particolare, le attuali e recenti politiche economiche – nel “nuovo scenario europeo e globale” – sono presentate e discusse, anche con riferimento alle decisioni più recenti (fino ad includere, ad esempio, il “quantitative easing” europeo definito ed avviato dalla Bce ad inizio 2015); nel caso delle politiche dell’UE non poteva mancare una valutazione, anche critica, delle politiche d’austerità e della mancanza di una “visione lungimirante”, indispensabile affinché l’Unione economica e monetaria possa rimanere vitale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Introduction: Young people and the labor market: key determinants and new evidences
No full textIn this introduction to the symposium we review the key determinants of youth unemployment in order to better understand the theoretical and empirical framework of the four papers in the symposium. In addition we briefly discuss some recent evidence on the youth unemployment rate and NEET indicator (percent of young people who are neither employed nor in education or training) in many countries before summarizing the key results and policy implications of the papers included in the symposium
Reversal of compensatory flow in severe intrauterine growth restriction: middle cerebral artery and intracardiac volume flow modifications
No full textAIM:
The aim of the study was to investigate cerebral and cardiac volume flow modifications in a group of preterm severely growth restricted (GR) fetuses with absent end diastolic flow (AEDF) in the umbilical artery.
METHODS:
Doppler indices of GR fetuses born at less than 32 weeks of gestation with AEDF in umbilical artery were longitudinally analyzed. Ductus venosus S/A, umbilical artery PI, middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI), MCA volume flow and intracardiac flows were checked daily. The value of volume flow was determined by multiplying the vessel area obtained by means of a power angiography by the integral of the velocimetric curve. In Group 1 the time of delivery was decided when abnormal Doppler index in ductus venosus (S/A>3) was detected. In Group 2, decisions about delivery were based on maternal indications or on various cardiotocographic (CTG) abnormalities. The division in the two groups was made with a retrospective method.
RESULTS:
Fifteen GR fetuses were studied: seven cases entered Group 1 and eight cases Group 2. In Group 2 velocimetric (PI) and quantitative (volume flow) values remained stable until delivery. In all cases in Group 1 ductus venosus anomalies (S/A>3) were preceded by 24 hours by cerebral volume flow indices indicating the loss of MCA vasodilatation and by changes in intracardiac volume flow indices, while the PI increase in MCA was present only 24 hours after the changes detected by the volume flow study and were simultaneous to ductus venosus modifications.
CONCLUSION:
The decrease in volume flow through the middle cerebral artery occurs at least 24 hours before the increase of middle cerebral artery PI and before the ductus venosus anomalies. Flow through the four cardiac valves show modification in agreement to the changes of the middle cerebral artery flow
The Eurozone crisis, the defective policy response and the need for institutional innovation
No full textThe recent economic evolution after the Eurozone crisis has revealed some crucial weaknesses of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU): in Section 2 we shall review how the original construction fails to match some well-known requisites of standard economic theories (e.g. the “optimum currency area” theories). In Section 3 there will be a critical appraisal of the events that, commenced with the global financial crisis, passing through the Great Recession, culminated in the sovereign debt crisis: emphasis will be placed not only on the innovations introduced in EU governance (the new EFSF and ESM funds, the non-conventional measures of the ECB, etc.), but also on the mistakes and delays of the EU policies.
A brief account of the recent macroeconomic evolution in the EU, with particular reference to economic growth and public finance, will be presented in Section 4. Then, Section 5 will try to explain the reasons that induced EU institutions and governments to adopt tough austerity measures; we shall also emphasize the consequences of these policies, in particular the “self-defeating” effects of fiscal consolidation. Finally, in Section 6 we shall investigate some future scenarios, also in order to search for solutions to the mentioned failures and weaknesses
The euro, long-run convergence and the impact of the crises
No full textIn this chapter, we analyse two different issues concerning economic performance and policies in Europe after the introduction of euro: the long-run real economic convergence (or divergence) across Eurozone countries and the impact of the mentioned crises. Regarding the first issue, we briefly review the relevant economic theories – with particular reference to “Optimal currency area” (OCA) theories; then we accomplish some empirical analyses to assess the extent of long-run economic convergence, the similarity of economic cycles and trade integration within the euro area. Our work partly integrates some recent research on ex-post assessments of developments in the EMU based on OCA’s and related theories. Our results show that the role of the EMU in favouring real convergence is disputable. Moreover, this union has proved to be fragile after the recent economic shocks: this is the second issue dealt with in the paper. In particular, the austerity measures undertaken to face the sovereign debt crisis, especially in the peripheral countries, have caused a prolonged recession, stagnation and persistent unemploymen
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Employment, Productivity and Models of Growth in the EU
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the main “models of growth” characterising the EU countries in the last two decades, with particular reference to the employment-productivity relationship, and to reveal the key determinants of productivity.
Design/methodology/approach – After a survey of the relevant literature, the empirical section analyses the “models of growth” by graphical inspection, identifying four models (for EU-27 in the 1990-2008 period): extensive, intensive, virtuous, and stagnant. Then different econometric investigations (beta convergence, dynamic panel with GMM estimation, fixed effects panel, cross-section) are used to test the “diminishing returns of employment rate” hypothesis (for the 2000-2006 period), to assess the convergence processes and to determine the key variables affecting productivity.
Findings – The main finding is the confirmation of the hypothesis mentioned: high employment growth is likely to lead to slower productivity growth. Moreover, besides verifying the beta convergence of productivity per worker, the most significant determinants of productivity are the following: education, a transition index, some structural indicators, and a “shadow economy” proxy. Finally, the descriptive analysis shows that “old” EU countries, coming from two decades of “jobless growth”, shifted to an “extensive” growth model; in contrast, transition countries (NMS) followed the opposite path: reducing employment and raising productivity.
Research limitations/implications – It would be advisable to extend the period of the analysis, as soon as new data become available.
Practical implications – The main policy implication is to get the EU Lisbon strategy – i.e. to create “more and better” jobs – working effectively.
Originality/value – The most original finding is the clear assessment of an employment-productivity trade-off. Also, the different models of growth are categorised simply and effectively
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