11 research outputs found
PENGARUH Indole Butyric Acid DAN Naphtaleine Acetic Acid TERHADAP INDUKSI PERAKARAN TUNAS PIRETRUM [Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trevir.)Vis.] KLON PRAU 6 SECARA IN VITRO
Get PDFEffects of Indole Butyric Acid and Naphtaleine Acetic Acid on the root-induction of pyrethrum [Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trevir.)Vis.] clone Prau 6 in vitroPyrethrum is one of botanical pesti-cides producing plant that has beneficial va-lue to be improved as the substitution of syn-thetic pesticide, which is considered to be harmful for both of human and environment. In order to obtain a sufficient planting mate-rial, in vitro propagation had been performed. Rooted-shoots derived from in vitro cultured adapted better than that of un-rooted one, when transplanted into the field (acclima-tization). Therefore, in this research root in-duction of pyrethrum clone Prau 6-in vitro-shoots were conducted by applying Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) and Naphtaleine Acetic Acid (NAA). Experiment was arranged in a single factor Completely Randomized Design with 10 replications. The treatment tested was an application of synthetic auxins (IBA or NAA) into MS medium in 5 different level of concentrations (0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0 mg/l), and control (without auxin). The parameters observed were time to root-initiation, number and length of root, and root characteristic, at 6 weeks after subcultured. The results showed that application of IBA or NAA into MS me-dium significantly affected to the root initia-tion time, number of root, length and charac-teristic of the root, 6 weeks after subcultured. Induced-root on the medium containing 0.2 mg/l IBA showed a better characteristic as compared to others treatments with rounded-form, shorter initiation time (12.5 days), large amount of root (14.1) and longer (1.47 cm).
PENGARUH LOKASI PENYIMPANAN DAN PELAPISAN (COATING) BENIH DENGAN PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP MUTU BENIH RIMPANG JAHE
Get PDFSalah satu permasalahan dalam penyediaan benih jahe adalah terjadinya kerusakan benih seperti penyusutan bobot rimpang, keriput dan bertunas selama penyimpanan. Kendala tersebut dapat dipecahkan melalui penyimpanan di lokasi yang beriklim sejuk dan pelapisan benih pestisida nabati. Informasi lokasi penyimpanan dan pelapisan benih untuk mempertahankan mutu benih jahe masih terbatas. Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari mutu fisik, fisiologis benih pada lokasi dan cara pelapisan yang berbeda. Percobaan dilakukan di Cimanggu, Bogor dan KP. Gunung Putri, Balittro sejak Agustus 2009 sampai Januari 2010. Percobaan faktorial, dengan dua faktor, tiga ulangan dan 20 sampel untuk setiap perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Faktor pertama adalah dua tinggi tempat penyimpanan yaitu : 1) KP. Cimanggu (250 m dpl) dan 2) KP. Gunung Putri (1.400 m dpl). Faktor kedua adalah tujuh perlakuan coating yaitu : 1) Kontrol, 2) (Cekam EC), 3). Cees EC, 4) (Mitol 2 ml/l), 5) Ditama SP, 6) Minyak jarak 10 ml/l dan 7) Rehidrasi. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap bulan, parameter yang diamati meliputi mutu fisik (penyusutan bobot rimpang dan kadar air) serta kualitas mutu fisiologis (daya tumbuh, jumlah rimpang bertunas, jumlah tunas per impang dan panjang tunas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutu fisik dan fisiologis benih - rimpang jahe, dipengaruhi oleh lokasi penyimpanan, tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh pelapisan dan interaksinya. KP. Gunung Putri dengan rata rata suhu harian 19,20C dan kelembaban 90,1% layak digunakan sebagai lokasi penyimpanan benih jahe, sampai 5 bulan, kualitas benih tidak berbeda dengan kondisi sebelum penyimpanan tanpa memerlukan perlakuan benih khusus. Oleh karena itu untuk menjaga kualitas, benih jahe harus disimpan di dataran tinggi
SERAPAN HARA N, P, K PADA TUJUH NOMOR HARAPAN SERAI DAPUR PADA TANAH LASOTOL / The Nutrient Uptake of N, P, and K of Seven Promising Numbers of Lemongrass in Latosol Soil
No full text<p>The constrain of lemongrass cultivation is crop nutrient requirement does not estimate yet as a reference for determining the dosage of fertilizer needed to produce good yield and quality. The study aims to determine the NPK uptake of seven lemongrass promising numbers grown in latosol soil in Cibinong research garden, Bogor, namely: Cyci 0003, 0004, 0006, 0009, 0012, 0018 and local. Seven lemongrass promising numbers were from Boyolali, Yogyakarta, Cipatat, Cisaroni, East Nusa Tenggara, Bogor, and Cibinong which had been characterized. The design used was randomized block design with four replications and 25 plants per plots. The parameters observed were number of tillers, plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter weight per clump, oil yield and quality, and chlorophyll content. The results showed that there were differences of nutrient uptake pattern, as well as the amount of fertilizer requirement N, P and K on all seven promising numbers of lemongrass. Local and Cyci 0003 had highest oil and sitral production compared to other lemongrass promising numbers. To generate the essential oil yield 81,39 kg ha-1 and production of citral 14,25 tonnes ha-1, Cyci 0003 absorbed 284,65 kg Urea, 49,15 kg SP-36, and 308,95 kg KCl ha-1, while local Cyci absorbed 230,29 kg Urea, 49,97 kg SP-36, and 161,8 kg KCl ha-1 to produce 97,94 kg essential oils yield ha-1 and 16,01 tonnes citral ha-1. Essential oil content of Lemongrass increased with increasing uptake of N and P, and citral oil content increased with increasing nutrient P uptake. Local Cyci promising number was relatively efficient in N, P, and K nutrient absorption.</p><p>Keywords: Cymbopogon citratus Stapf., promising number, yield, quality, the uptake of N, P, and K.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan budidaya serai dapur adalah belum ada perhitungan kebutuhan hara tanaman secara riil sebagai acuan dalam menentukan dosis pupuk yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan produksi dan mutu terna yang baik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui serapan hara N, P, dan K dari tujuh nomor harapan serai dapur yang ditanam di tanah latosol. Tujuh nomor harapan serai dapur yang telah dikarakterisasi yaitu Cyci 0003, Cyci 0004, Cyci 0006, Cyci 0009, Cyci 0012, Cyci 0018 dan Cyci lokal berasal dari Boyolali, Yogyakarta, Cipatat, Cisaroni, NTT, Bogor, dan Cibinong ditanam di kebun percobaan Cibinong, Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan 4 ulangan dan jumlah tanaman sebanyak 25 per petak. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah anakan, tinggi tanaman, panjang dan lebar daun, diameter batang, bobot kering terna per rumpun, kadar minyak, mutu minyak, serta kandungan klorofil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pola serapan hara, jumlah serta kebutuhan pupuk N, P, dan K dari ke tujuh nomor harapan serai dapur. Cyci lokal dan Cyci 0003 menghasilkan minyak atsiri dan sitral tertinggi. Untuk menghasilkan minyak atsiri 81,39 kg ha-1 dan sitral 14,25 t ha-1, Cyci 0003 menyerap 284,65 kg Urea, 49,15 kg SP-36, dan 308,95 kg KCl ha-1, sedangkan untuk menghasilkan minyak atsiri 97,94 kg ha-1 dan sitral 16,01 ton ha-1, Cyci lokal menyerap 230,29 kg Urea, 49,97 kg SP-36 dan 161,8 kg KCl ha-1. Kadar minyak atsiri serai dapur meningkat sejalan dengan peningkatan serapan hara N dan P, dan kadar minyak sitral meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan serapan hara P. Cyci lokal merupakan nomor harapan serai dapur yang relatif efisien dalam penyerapan hara N, P, dan K.</p><p>Kata kunci: Cymbopogon citratus Stapf, nomor harapan, produksi, mutu, serapan hara N, P dan K.</p><p> </p></jats:p
Retextualized transculturations: The emergence of La Malinche as figure in Chicana literature
No full textThis study consists of an interdisciplinary social and cultural reading of the numerous retextualizations of the Malinche figure in Chicana literature from 1973-1991. As Chicana feminists began to challenge their traditional, culturally sanctioned gender roles and to increase their political participation in the Chicano movement of the 1960s and 70s, they faced gender oppression within their own community as well as discrimination from the hegemonic Anglo-American culture. For some Chicanas, subverting male-prescribed cultural artefacts and recreating their myths constituted a critical step in an on-going process of self-exploration and affirmation. In part inspired by the writings of Mexican author Rosario Castellanos, but largely in reaction to the misogynistic representations of Octavio Paz and Carlos Fuentes, Malintzin/Malinche, widely considered mother of the mestizo people as well as traitor and whore, became a pivotal center of attention for many Chicana writers. Symbolically, she is the embodiment of the violence wrought against indigenous peoples during the Conquest, and more specifically, of the raped Indian women who bore offspring. In opposing the traditional Western view which dichotomizes women into the binary opposition of virgin or whore, Guadalupe or Malinche, Chicanas have refashioned the Malinche figure to reflect a more positive, female self-definition. This study provides an overview of the historical Malinche figure and her trajectory in Mexican history and myth (Chapter I); discusses the Chicana's contemporary social context (Chapter II); and analyzes the works of twenty Chicana authors who retextualize the Malinche myth, including those of Flor Saiz, Dorinda Moreno, Adaljiza Sosa Riddell, Delia Islas, Gloria Herrera and Jeanette Lizcano, and Adelaida R. del Castillo (Chapter III); Lucha Corpi, Carmen Tafolla, Ines Hernandez Tovar, Sylvia Alicia Gonzales, Lorna Dee Cervantes, Cordelia Candelaria, and Angela de Hoyos (Chapter IV); and Lupe A. Gonzales, Norma Alarcon, Cherrie Moraga, Alma Villanueva, Margarita Cota-Cadenas, Alicia Gaspar de Alba, and Erlinda Gonzales-Berry (Chapter V).Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:58:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN DAN DAYA HASIL BERBAGAI KLON NILAM ASAL KULTUR JARINGAN
No full textPertumbuhan dan daya hasil dari berbagai klom nilam dievatuasi di KP. Cimanggu (Bogor) dari tahun 1999 - 2000. Dua puluh dua klon nilam yang berasal dai kultur kalus yang diradiasi dengan sinar gamma, 1 klon kontrol (asal kultur mata tunas) serta 3 klon pembanding (Klon TT, Sdk dan Crt) ditanam dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 50 cm. Percobaan dirancang secara acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Luas petak adalah 10 m2 yang memuat 20 tanaman. Parameter yang digunakan adalah sifat- sifat morfologi, yang meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah dan panjang cabang, jumlah daun per cabang, panjang dan lebar daun serta komponen hasil, yang meliputi berat tanaman, berat tcrsuling (segar dan kering) dan kadar minyak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan sifat-sifat morfologi dan komponen hasil terdapat 4 klon yang mcnonjol. yaitu 3 klon hasil kultur jaingan (klon lb, 2b, dan 75) dengan hasil tema kering masing-masing 0.222; 0.222; dan 0. 216 kg/tanaman dan kadar minyak masing-masing 4.28; 4.00; dan 4.54%, serta satu klon konvensional (Ct) dengan hasil tema keing 0.469 dan kadar minyak 4.84%.Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin, nilam, klon, kultur jaringan ABSTRACT Evaluation on the growth and yield potency of different clones ofpatchoulifrom tissue cultureThe growth and yield potency of different patchouli developed from tissue culture were studied at the Cimanggu Experimental Garden from 1999 to 2000. The materials were twenty-two clones of patchouli raised rom the gamma irradiated calli, 1 control clone (raised rom tissue culture propagated plant from which the irradiated calli were derived) and 3 conventionally propagated clones (Crt, TT and Sdk). The planting mateials were planted in a plant spacing of 100 cm x 50 cm. The experiment was designed as a randomaized block in 3 replicates. Plot size was 10 m2, accommodated 20 plants. Parameters used for evaluating the clones were morphological characters and yield components. The morphological characters included plant height, stem diameter number of branches, number of leaves per branch and size of leaves, while the yield component included weight of whole plant, distilled herbs (fresh and dry herbs) and oil content. Based on die morphological characteristics and yield components, 4 clones showed their superioity. The four clones were lb, 2b, and 75 (raised from tissue culture) with a herb yield of 0.222; 0.222 and 0216 kg/plant and an oil content of 4.28, 4.00 and 4.84% respectively, and Ct ( from convetional clone) with a herb yield of 0.469 kg/plant and an oil content of 4.84%.Key words : Pogostemon cablin, nilam, clones, tissue cultur
PENGGUNAAN AIR KELAPA SEBAGAI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH PADA MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) IN VITRO
Get PDFABSTRAKTanaman temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) merupakansalah satu tanaman obat potensial unggulan yang memiliki khasiatmultifungsi. Rimpangnya yang berkhasiat obat mampu mengobati ber-bagai penyakit seperti kelainan pada hati/lever, kantong empedu, danpankreas. Adanya kecenderungan masyarakat ingin menggunakan pengo-batan dengan bahan alami, menjadikan permintaan benih temulawaksebagai bahan baku obat maupun industri jamu di Indonesia meningkatdengan pesat. Kondisi ini memberi peluang kepada petani sebagaipenyedia bahan tanaman. Upaya penyediaan bahan tanaman secara massaldalam waktu singkat serta bebas hama dan penyakit dapat dilakukanmelalui teknik kultur jaringan. Teknik ini dibatasi oleh tingginya biayaperbanyakan, di antaranya penggunaan bahan kimia. Oleh karena itu perludikaji penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) yang berasal dari bahanalami (salah satunya adalah air kelapa) sebagai substitusi ZPT sintetik.Penelitian penggunaan air kelapa sebagai ZPT dilakukan di LaboratoriumKultur Jaringan Plasma Nutfah Pemuliaan dan Perbenihan, BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik Bogor, dari bulan Mei sampaidengan bulan Desember 2009. Eksplan berasal dari tunas temulawak sterilhasil perbanyakan sebelumnya. Media yang digunakan adalah mediaMurashige and Skoog (MS) yang dikombinasikan dengan beberapa tarafkonsentrasi air kelapa (0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20%) sebagai substitusi ZPT danair kelapa dengan memakai millipore. Media dibuat padat, sebagaipembanding pada media MS + ZPT kimia yaitu BA1,5 mg/l. Percobaanmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10 ulangan. Parameteryang diuji adalah jumlah tunas, jumlah daun dan jumlah akar. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan, tanpa komponen kimia, dengan penambah airkelapa pada berbagai konsentrasi pada media dasar MS, berhasilmembentuk tunas, daun dan akar. Jumlah tunas terbanyak didapat padakombinasi media dengan penambahan air kelapa 15% sebanyak 3,4 tunas,jumlah daun 2,2 daun serta jumlah akar terbanyak yaitu sebanyak 13,2akar pada umur 2 minggu. Pada kombinasi media dengan memakaimillipore, tunas terbanyak hanya 2,6 tunas, tetapi tidak berbeda nyatadengan perlakuan kontrol MS + BA 1,5 mg/l, yaitu sama-sama memiliki2,6 tunas, 3,6 daun, dan 15,4 akar.Kata kunci : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., in vitro, air kelapa, zatpengatur tumbuh, multiplikasi in vitroABSTRACTThe use of Coconut Water as Growth Regulator onMultiplication of Java Turmeric Buds (Curcumaxanthorrhiza Roxb. ) in vitroJava turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a potentialmedicinal plant which has many uses. Its rhizome has efficacy to curevarious diseases such as disorder on lever, gall bladder and pancreas.There is a tendency that people want to use therapy by natural materials,increases demand of turmeric seed as raw material of medicine industry inIndonesia. This condition provides a chance to farmers as supplier of plantmaterials. However, up to now, the high need of plant materials causes thelimitation of supply so that their alternatives are needed for providing plantmaterials in maximum number. The part of plant material provision in highnumber and in a short time and free from pests and diseases can beconducted through tissue culture technique. However, this technique islimited by the high cost of multiplication, among others the use ofchemical materials. Therefore, the use of growth regulator originated fromnatural material as substitution of synthetic growth regulator need to beassessed, one of them is coconut water. The experiment was carried out atthe laboratory of Tissue Culture, Germ Plasm, and Plant Breeding,Indonesia for Medicinal and Aromatic Crop Research Institute, Bogorfrom May to December 2009. Explants originated from sterile turmericshoots, product of previous multiplication. Media used was Murashige andSkoog (MS) combined with several concentration levels of coconut water( 0; 5; 10; 15, and 20%) as substitution of growth regulator and coconutwater by using millipore. Solid media was used, as comparison on mediaof chemical MS + was BA1.5 mg/l. The experiment was arranged incompletely randomized design with 10 replications. Parameters observedwere the numbers of shoots, leaves and roots. Results showed that withoutchemical component, by addition of coconut water on variousconcentrations on based media of MS, produced shoots, leaves and roots.The highest shoot number obtained on combination of media and additionof coconut water 15% as many as 3.4 shoots, with the number of leaves2.2 leaves at the age of 2 weeks and the highest roots formed on 15 %coconut water as many as 13.2 roots. Whereas on combination of mediawith millipore, the highest shoots were only 2.6 shoots, however it was notsignificantly different from treatment of control MS + BA 1.5 mg/l, itproduced 2.6 shoots,3.6 leaves and 15.4 roots.Key words : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., in vitro, coconut water,growth regulator, multiplication in vitr
APLIKASI KULTUR JARINGAN UNTUK PERBANYAKAN KLONAL TANAMAN KENCUR
No full textTo produce Kaempferia galangan L. seedling in a relatively short time, an in vitro clonal propagation was studied in The Central Research and Development for Industrial Crops, Bogor
KONSERVASI IN VITRO PANILI (Vanilla planifolia Andrews.) MELALUI PERTUMBUHAN MINIMAL
Get PDFPenelitian mengenai konservasi tanaman panili secara in vitro melalui pertumbuhan minimal telah dilakukan dari bulan April 1998 sampai bulan Oktober 2000 di laboratorium kultur jaringan Kelti Plasma Nutfah dan Pemuliaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) Bogor. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah setek satu buku dari tanaman panili aseptik klon 1 yang telah tersedia dalam botol kultur. Penelitian penyimpanan ini dilakukan pada media dasar Murashige dan Skoog dengan pengenceran media dasar menjadi 3/4 MS, ½ MS, 1/4 MS serta kontrol yaitu media MS penuh. Ke dalam media ditambahkan zat pengatur tumbuh BA 2,5 mg/l. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap, terdiri dari tiga ulangan dan lima botol setiap ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua pengenceran media dasar yang dilakukan mampu menekan pertumbuhan biakan selama periode penyimpanan dan sampai 30 bulan masih mampu tumbuh. Planlet yang telah disimpan selama 24 bulan yang ditumbuhkan kembali pada media dasar (MS + BA 2,5 mg/l ) masih dapat membentuk tunas dengan jumlah tunas terbanyak diperoleh pada perlakuan pengenceran 3/4 MS + BA 2,5 mg/l yaitu sebanyak 7,15 dan tinggi tanaman sebanyak 1,21 cm. Penelitian ini selain mampu mengurangi frekuensi subkultur ke media baru juga dapat menjaga stabilitas kultur. Teknik ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pelestarian plasma nutfah yang efisien, disamping sebagai bahan pertukaran dan memudahkan transportasi benih.
SERAPAN HARA N, P, K PADA TUJUH NOMOR HARAPAN SERAI DAPUR PADA TANAH LASOTOL / The Nutrient Uptake of N, P, and K of Seven Promising Numbers of Lemongrass in Latosol Soil
No full textThe constrain of lemongrass cultivation is crop nutrient requirement does not estimate yet as a reference for determining the dosage of fertilizer needed to produce good yield and quality. The study aims to determine the NPK uptake of seven lemongrass promising numbers grown in latosol soil in Cibinong research garden, Bogor, namely: Cyci 0003, 0004, 0006, 0009, 0012, 0018 and local. Seven lemongrass promising numbers were from Boyolali, Yogyakarta, Cipatat, Cisaroni, East Nusa Tenggara, Bogor, and Cibinong which had been characterized. The design used was randomized block design with four replications and 25 plants per plots. The parameters observed were number of tillers, plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter weight per clump, oil yield and quality, and chlorophyll content. The results showed that there were differences of nutrient uptake pattern, as well as the amount of fertilizer requirement N, P and K on all seven promising numbers of lemongrass. Local and Cyci 0003 had highest oil and sitral production compared to other lemongrass promising numbers. To generate the essential oil yield 81,39 kg ha-1 and production of citral 14,25 tonnes ha-1, Cyci 0003 absorbed 284,65 kg Urea, 49,15 kg SP-36, and 308,95 kg KCl ha-1, while local Cyci absorbed 230,29 kg Urea, 49,97 kg SP-36, and 161,8 kg KCl ha-1 to produce 97,94 kg essential oils yield ha-1 and 16,01 tonnes citral ha-1. Essential oil content of Lemongrass increased with increasing uptake of N and P, and citral oil content increased with increasing nutrient P uptake. Local Cyci promising number was relatively efficient in N, P, and K nutrient absorption.Keywords: Cymbopogon citratus Stapf., promising number, yield, quality, the uptake of N, P, and K. AbstrakSalah satu kendala dalam pengembangan budidaya serai dapur adalah belum ada perhitungan kebutuhan hara tanaman secara riil sebagai acuan dalam menentukan dosis pupuk yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan produksi dan mutu terna yang baik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui serapan hara N, P, dan K dari tujuh nomor harapan serai dapur yang ditanam di tanah latosol. Tujuh nomor harapan serai dapur yang telah dikarakterisasi yaitu Cyci 0003, Cyci 0004, Cyci 0006, Cyci 0009, Cyci 0012, Cyci 0018 dan Cyci lokal berasal dari Boyolali, Yogyakarta, Cipatat, Cisaroni, NTT, Bogor, dan Cibinong ditanam di kebun percobaan Cibinong, Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan 4 ulangan dan jumlah tanaman sebanyak 25 per petak. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah anakan, tinggi tanaman, panjang dan lebar daun, diameter batang, bobot kering terna per rumpun, kadar minyak, mutu minyak, serta kandungan klorofil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pola serapan hara, jumlah serta kebutuhan pupuk N, P, dan K dari ke tujuh nomor harapan serai dapur. Cyci lokal dan Cyci 0003 menghasilkan minyak atsiri dan sitral tertinggi. Untuk menghasilkan minyak atsiri 81,39 kg ha-1 dan sitral 14,25 t ha-1, Cyci 0003 menyerap 284,65 kg Urea, 49,15 kg SP-36, dan 308,95 kg KCl ha-1, sedangkan untuk menghasilkan minyak atsiri 97,94 kg ha-1 dan sitral 16,01 ton ha-1, Cyci lokal menyerap 230,29 kg Urea, 49,97 kg SP-36 dan 161,8 kg KCl ha-1. Kadar minyak atsiri serai dapur meningkat sejalan dengan peningkatan serapan hara N dan P, dan kadar minyak sitral meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan serapan hara P. Cyci lokal merupakan nomor harapan serai dapur yang relatif efisien dalam penyerapan hara N, P, dan K.Kata kunci: Cymbopogon citratus Stapf, nomor harapan, produksi, mutu, serapan hara N, P dan K.
PENAMPILAN MORFOLOGI, VARIABILITAS FENOTIPIK PRODUKSI DAN UKURAN GELONDONG TANAMAN JAMBU METE HASIL PERSILANGAN
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian telah dilakukan di KP Muktiharjo, Pati, Jawa Tengahdengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pewarisan sifat morfologi dan keragamanfenotipik produksi dan ukuran gelondong nomor-nomor persilangan CF,CM, CA, CS, FM, FA, FS, MA, MS, AS. Tanaman hasil persilanganditanam tahun 1997 dengan jarak tanam 6 m x 6 m. Pengamatan karaktermorfologi tanaman (habitus, warna daun pucuk, warna buah semu) danukuran gelondong dilakukan pada umur tanaman 5 tahun, sedangkantingkat produksi tanaman per pohon diamati selama 4 tahun produksi(2000 - 2003). Karakter tanaman yang diamati dikelompokkan ke dalam 3group yaitu (1) karakter tanaman dan daun, (2) karakter buah, dan (3)karakter gelondong. Terhadap data kualitatif dilakukan penggolongan yangmengacu pada descriptor list tanaman jambu mete (IPBGR). Analisisdeskriptif dan proporsi tanaman (%) dihitung sesuai pembagian karakteryang diamati. Terhadap data kuantitatif (produksi dan ukuran gelondong)dilakukan analisis variabilitas fenotipik. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkantanaman hasil persilangan mempunyai karakter tanaman dan daun beragam,sebagian mirip tetua betina, sebagian mirip tetua jantan, sebagian lagimerupakan karakter antara kedua tetuanya, dengan proporsi setiapkombinasi persilangan berbeda. Penurunan sifat bentuk buah padatanaman jambu mete beragam, tetua dengan bentuk buah yang sama(kerucut) dapat menghasilkan keturunan dengan bentuk buah bervariasi(kerucut, silinder, membulat). Demikian pula dengan karakter warna buahsemu. Persilangan antar tetua dengan warna buah merah menghasilkanketurunan dengan warna buah merah, orange, dan kuning. Kultivar Ssebagai tetua jantan dapat meningkatkan ukuran gelondong keturunannya,tetapi tidak pada semua keturunan dan tidak sebesar ukuran gelondongtetua jantan S tersebut. Variabilitas fenotipik produksi dan ukurangelondong tanaman hasil persilangan tergolong luas, sehingga dengantetua yang sama keturunannya tidak memiliki tingkat produksi dan ukurangelondong yang relatif seragam. Oleh karena itu tanaman hasil persilanganyang terseleksi sebaiknya diperbanyak dengan penyambungan agardiperoleh tanaman dengan karakter yang lebih seragam.Kata kunci : Anacardium occidentale, jambu mete, persilangan,variabilitas fenotipikABSTRACTMorphology performance, yield and nut size phenotypicvariability of cashew progenyProgenies from five parents crossing combination of promisingcashew were planted at Muktiharjo experimental station, Pati, Central Javain 1997 to observe its variability. The progenies were the crossingcombinations of CF, CM, CA, CS, FM, FA, FS, MA, MS, and AS.Seedlings were planted in 6 m x 6 m space-row. Observation formorphological characters, such as habitus, shoot colour, apple colour, andnut size, were done at 5 years plant age. Moreover, for nut yield, theobservations were conducted for 4 times harvest period (2000-2003). Allof characters observed were divided into 3 groups : (1) habitus and leafcharacters, (2) fruit characters, and (3) nut characters. The qualitative datawere grouped based on cashew descriptor list (IPBGR). Qualitative datawere analyzed and the proportion of progeny performance in eachcharacter observed were counted. Yield and nut size phenotypicvariabilities were analized. Result indicated that the progeny showedvariation in plant habitus, trunk shape, and leaf. Some of progenyperformances alike a male parent, some likes female parents and someothers in between of their parents and differ in proportion of each crossingcombination. Fruit characters progeny are also showed variation. Parentwith the same apple shape (pyramid), having progeny with pyramid,silinder and rounded apple shape type. Crossing parent which has the samered apple colour, the progeny has red, orange and yellow apple colour. Fornut size characters, S as a male parent could increasing nut size of progenybut the nut size are not as big as the size of the male parent. Both parentand their progeny have the great variation of nut shape and colour.Phenotypic variability of yield and nut size of progeny are very broad, itimplies that progeny of the same parent has un-uniform yield and nut size.For further plant development, selected progeny of hybridization can bedeveloped by grafting to get more uniform plant.Key words : Anacardium occidentale, cashew, hybridization, phenotypicvariabilit
