1,720,963 research outputs found
Surface and subsurface data integration and geological modelling from the Little Ice Age to the present, in the Ravenna coastal plain, northwest Adriatic Sea (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)
No full textNew geological analysis of the Ravenna coastal plain has allowed a major update of the geological coastal model, with anthropogenic overprints removed from an area heavily affected by human actions in the last four centuries, a period in which the Little Ice Age (LIA) has had a large influence on the coastal dynamics. The geological build-up of the coastal plain is a natural occurrence that is important for understanding the present-day coastal buildup. However, coastal zone anthropization has defined the actual coastal morphology, canceling out most of surface expression needed to create an accurate coastal evolution model, as the beach ridges morphology in the study area. As the lack of surface expression due to the anthropogenic actions has changed the coastal zone under study, it is not possible to only use geomorphological analysis to construct a local coastal evolution model. Because of this, building a new model and understanding how coastal evolution would proceed without human influence would allow us to understand the interaction between natural forces and anthropogenic influence, which has acted to shape the actual morphology of the study area from the LIA period to the present days. We therefore propose an integration of data using the following: actual data from the surface, such as the high-resolution digital surface model (DSM) and the digital terrain model (DTM); the actual database from the Emilia-Romagna Region Geological Survey, including the shapefile with the regional soil chart and the geological elements present in the study area; knowledge from previous work carried out in the area; and the subsurface data from Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), which would make the study the first to use a GPR survey of the coastal plain of the northwest Adriatic. In addition, the work will follows a successful case study done in the southern Brazilian coastal plain that integrated previous works done in the coastal plain with new methods such as GPR data acquisition. The GPR data allows for corroboration of the interpretation of the coastal model constructed using the surface data. Finally, the surface geological model proposed in this work may aid by providing the following: i) a new means for local coastal geology research; ii) a methodology to apply to other barrier-lagoon systems around the world in order to update our knowledge about these systems; and iii) powerful information to support coastal managers and decision makers in constructing a long-term master plan for effective Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Ural Delta Evolutive Trend (caspian Sea, Kazakhstan)
No full textThe area of the Ural Delta of the northeastern Caspian Sea is characterized by very high biodiversity and habitats as diverse, making it one of the most unique and important ecosystems in the world. The planning and management of the delta area and the wetlands associated with the primary aim of contributing to their protection and development, paying particular attention to the environmental processes, the peculiar economic activity, and their impact on natural ecosystems.
The northern part of the Caspian Sea is located below the average sea level ("Caspian Datum" -28 m above the "Baltic Datum" as regional reference) and its level presents and rapid change over time. In the last century were detected oscillations of the order of several meters; the last was recorded in 1977 when the Caspian Sea level has raised to about +2.5m over the previous period.
Not less important is the effect of the recurring phenomena of "storm surges", a fluctuation (~2 m) of water level due to the effect of wind. Those rapid changes have a great influence on the whole area from the physical-geometric, bio-ecological, and socio-economic points of view.
For the study of this area, four major categories of information were geo-referenced, integrated and analyzed in a GIS system:
1) Historical maps (1800-1950) at different scales;
2) Russian topographic maps (1978-1980) scale 1:100,000;
3) Satellite Images (Corona; Landsat; ASTER; Quickbird; FORMOSAT)
4)Vector topographic data of various types and themes (vegetation, bathymetry, sediments, etc.)
That have enabled us to reconstruct with good detail the modern and historical hydrographic network, the deltaic and fluvial geomorphology, the distribution and transformation of the "reed flats", etc. In particular, it’s been possible to observe that the deltaic system, initially characterized by a typical "lobed" geometry, has been transformed, from about 1950, in a distinctly digitate or “bird-foot" delta, which took place following the construction of a canal connecting the port of Atyrau.
Integrating these data with socio-economic and demographic regulations, through the software "NaturaServe View, it will be possible to reach the goals of UNESCO and Ramsar conservation requirements for the nomination of a Unesco-MAB Biosphere Reserve in the area
Natural and anthropogenic influences on depositional architecture of the Ural Delta, Kazakhstan, northern Caspian Sea, during the past 70 years
No full textThis paper focuses on the Ural Delta in the northern zone of the Caspian Sea, an area with particular characteristics, where intense influence from anthropogenic and natural factors exists, which acts on the fragile delta system. We built a database to integrate the data from the published sources, bathymetric survey, and recent images in the geographical information system (GIS) environment. The results were linked to the Caspian Sea level (CSL) curve, which had many variations, changing the Ural Delta system's dynamics and in its architecture. In addition, the anthropogenic changes contribute to shaping the actual Ural Delta architecture. Through the link between the results and CSL, we reconstructed an evolution model for the Ural Delta system for the last century and identified three different architectures for the Ural Delta, determined by the energy that acted on the system in the last century and by the anthropogenic changes. This work identifies six different delta phases, which are shaped by CSL changes during the last 70 years and by anthropogenic changes. The delta phases recognized are: i) a Lobate Delta phase, shaped during high CSL before 1935; ii) Natural Elongate Delta 1935–1950 formed during rapid CSL fall; iii) Anthropogenic Elongate Delta 1950–1966, formed during rapid CSL fall and after the Ural-Caspian Sea canal construction, which modified the sedimentary deposition on the delta; iv) Anthropogenic Elongate Delta 1966–1982 shaped during low CSL phase; v) Anthropogenic Elongate Delta 1982–1996 formed during a rapid CSL rise phase; and vi) Anthropogenic Elongate Delta 1996–2009 shaped during high CSL that represent the last phase and actual Ural Delta architecture
Natural and anthropogenic coastal system comparison using DSM from a low cost UAV survey (Capão Novo, RS/Brazil)
No full textIn many cases, unplanned urbanization is the main factor that causes a decrease in coastal resilience. This paper compares the differences between the anthropogenic and natural coastal zone, based on the morphological dune reconstruction, using a low cost UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) survey and the photogrammetric reconstruction method. The study area is in the Northern Littoral of Rio Grande do Sul State, where the dunes have few manchanges and are adjacent to an anthropogenic zone with a highly modified beach/dune system. By photogrammetric reconstruction it was possible to obtain a high-resolution DSM (Digital Surface Model) and a high-resolution othophoto to analyse differences in morphology. Data acquired by UAV's are important to coastal managers and decision makers as they can collect high-resolution data and be used for Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Moreover this work propose a low cost method for obtaining a high-resolution data for researchers and local authorities
Seasonal dune and beach monitoring using photogrammetry from UAV surveys to apply in the ICZM on the Ravenna coast (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)
No full textCoastal monitoring is fundamental to studying dune and beach behaviour related to natural and anthropogenic factors as well as coastal management programs. Various tools have been used in recent years for such investigations, including LIDAR, satellite images, terrestrial laser scanning, and photogrammetry, allowing for both qualitative and quantitative analyses. These tools are applied based on the spatial and temporal scales of the coastal zone being studied. In this study, seasonal coastal changes are monitored using high-accuracy and high-quality photogrammetry frames acquired using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV surveys were performed over two sessions during summer 2014 (September) and winter 2015 (March). Additional data were also acquired during the strongest winter storms of the 2014–2015 season. The results of these two UAVs surveys are compared to identify the changes that occurred on beaches and dunes due to: i) anthropogenic changes such as tourist facilities and winter storm defence construction; and ii) the winter storms of 2014–2015 from dune erosion, investigating the magnitude of impact across all coastal zones under study. Moreover, this study demonstrates the efficacy and applicability of photogrammetry from UAVs for coastal work, analyses whether it is a useful technique for scientific studies and authorities to use due to its greater cost/benefit, and also whether it contributes to the application of local Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Geomorphological analysis and classification of foredune ridges based on Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology
No full textAlong the North Adriatic Sea coast (Italy), vulnerability to climate change is further aggravated by anthropogenic influences, such as strong subsidence rate due to deep groundwater and gas abstraction, tourism and industry impacts. In this context, conservation and restoration of coastal sand dunes become extremely important especially because of their importance in terms of ‘natural’ coastal defense. This paper proposes an innovative geomorphological approach based on Terrestrial Laser Scanning - TLS, which allows us to measure and monitor morphometric dune evolution with high precision and details. Several TLS surveys were performed along the Ravenna coast (Adriatic Sea, Italy) and the resulting Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) were analyzed in order to classify the foredune ridges in three geomorphological sub-zones. The topographic, areal and volumetric variations over time of geomorphological units were calculated by GIS tools in order to identify seasonal trends or particular pattern. Meteo-marine climate conditions were also analyzed and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to correlate changes in morphology with meteo-marine forcing factors, highlighting the ones that most influence dune evolution and dynamics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
RIGED-RA project-Restoration and management of Coastal Dunes in the Northern Adriatic Coast, Ravenna Area-Italy
No full textCoastal dunes play an important role in protecting the coastline. Unfortunately, in the last decades dunes have been removed or damaged by human activities. In the Emilia-Romagna region significant residual dune systems are found only along Ravenna and Ferrara coasts. In this context, the RIGED-RA project "Restoration and management of coastal dunes along the Ravenna coast" (2013-2016) has been launched with the aims to identify dynamics, erosion and vulnerability of Northern Adriatic coast and associated residual dunes, and to define intervention strategies for dune protection and restoration. The methodology is based on a multidisciplinary approach that integrates the expertise of several researchers and investigates all aspects (biotic and abiotic), which drive the dune-beach system. All datasets were integrated to identify test sites for applying dune restoration. The intervention finished in April 2016; evolution and restoration efficiency will be assessed
- …
