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Carbonated beverages and gastrointestinal system: between myth and reality
No full textA wealth of information has appeared on non-scientific publications, some suggesting a positive effect of carbonated beverages on gastrointestinal diseases or health, and others a negative one. The evaluation of the properties of carbonated beverages mainly involves the carbon dioxide with which they are charged. Scientific evidence suggests that the main interactions between carbon dioxide and the gastrointestinal system occur in the oral cavity, the esophagus and the stomach. The impact of carbonation determines modification in terms of the mouthfeel of beverages and has a minor role in tooth erosion. Some surveys showed a weak association between carbonated beverages and gastroesophageal reflux disease; however, the methodology employed was often inadequate and, on the overall, the evidence available on this topic is contradictory. Influence on stomach function appears related to both mechanical and chemical effects. Symptoms related to a gastric mechanical distress appear only when drinking more than 300 ml of a carbonated fluid. In conclusion there is now sufficient scientific evidence to understand the physiological impact of carbonated beverages on the gastrointestinal system, while providing a basis for further investigation on the related pathophysiological aspects. However, more studies are needed, particularly intervention trials, to support any claim on the possible beneficial effects of carbonated beverages on the gastrointestinal system, and clarify how they affect digestion. More epidemiological and mechanistic studies are also needed to evaluate the possible drawbacks of their consumption in terms of risk of tooth erosion and gastric distress
Clinica e terapie delle patologie del pavimento pelvico. Il ruolo del gastroenterologo nella terapia medica della stipsi.
No full textRuolo della manometria esofagea nella diagnostica della malattia da reflusso gastroesofageo.
No full textGastric determinants of maximum satiety induced by standardized solid and liquid meal. An MRI study in non obese healthy subjects.
No full textBACKGROUND: Gastric contribution to satiety has been mostly investigated by invasive
methods and by the administration of liquid meals. Nonetheless, these conditions may alter
the physiology of the stomach and do not reflect individual's alimentary habit, respectively.
AIM: To study gastric determinant to satiety in a more physiological fashion by a non
invasive method as MRI and by standardized solid (SM) and liquid (LM) meal. SUBJECTS
AND METHODS: Ten healthy subjects (4 F; Age 22±3; BMI 23±1) underwent satiety tests
by SM and LM on two separate occasions. Subjects were requested to maintain intake at
regular rate (100 kcal/5 min). At five minute intervals, they scored their satiety using a
graphic rating scale that combined verbal descriptors on a scale graded 0-5 (1=threshold,
5=maximum satiety). Kcal and time to reach maximum satiety (MS) were calculated. During
the meal tests, a gastric 1.5 T MRI using a multi-receive parallel body-synergy-coil was
performed. Three acquisitions were then recorded at baseline, maximum satiety and 120
min postprandially, in order to calculate total, proximal and distal gastric volumes at each
time point. Also, residual volumes at 120 min were calculated and expressed as percentage
respect to MS. Data are expressed as mean±SD. RESULTS: Kcals ingested and time to reach
MS were significantly higher during SM (783±244 kcal; 44±14 min) than LM (630±353
p<0.01; 31±17 p<0.01). However, total, proximal and distal gastric volume were not different
between the two meals (SM: 657±186, 110±40, 546±173 vs LM: 651±299, 143±64,
507±283). Correlation analysis between total and distal gastric volumes and kcal at MS
revealed a more strong and significant correlation during LM (r=0.98, p<0.001; r=0.95,
p<0.001) compared to SM (r=0.76, p<0.01; r=0.78, p<0.01). No correlations were found
between proximal volumes and kcal at MS. Percentages of gastric retention at 120 min were
significantly higher with SM than with LM in the distal stomach, but not in the proximal
stomach (63±13 vs 38±14, p<0.01 and 14±5 vs 10±7 p=NS). In addition, a significant
correlation between the percentage of gastric retention at 120min and MS was only observed
by considering total and distal stomach with LM (r=0.73 and r=0.61, p<0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSION: By using a non-invasive methodology we showed that a standardized SM
is a reliable tool to assess maximum satiety in healthy subjects. The lack of correlation
between proximal gastric volumes and Kcals ingested at maximum satiety is probably related
to the different intragastric distribution and handling of the liquid and solid meal
Gastric determinants of maximum satiety induced by standardized solid and liquid meal. An MRI study in non obese healthy subjects
No full textRuolo della manometria esofagea nella diagnostica della malattia da reflusso gastroesofageo.
No full textRectal motor and sensory functions in irritable bowel syndrome subtypes.
No full textBackground. Increased visceroperception is considered a hallmark of irritable bowel syndrome
(1BS). However poor data are available about the rectal sensorimotor patterns in
diarrhoea and constipation prevalent-lBS subjects respectively. Aims. To investigate whether
sensitivity, compliance and tone of the rectum are different between diarrhoea and constipation
predominam-IBS subjects. Metbods: 5evemeen patients who fulfilled the Rome ll Criteria
for IBS were enrolled; 9 patients (6 males; range 19-34 },ears) with diarrhoea predominant
IBS (IBS-D) and 8 patients (4 males; range 24-37 years) with constipation predominant IBS
(IBS-C) were respectively selected to undergo a rectal barostat study. After bag placement,
minintal distending pressure (MDP) was firstly measured as the pressure that allows one to
detect respiratory movements. Rectal compliance and sensitivity" were then assessed by
isobaric distensinn with stepwise pressure increases fi'om 0 to 30 mmHg. During the distensions,
subjects were asked to report: first perception, feeling of stool and urgency to detkcate.
After a 30 min adaptation period, rectal tone was measured as average volume over 30 min
at a level of MDP + 2mmHg. Results: In the IBS-D patients, rectal volmnes required to
pemeive the sensation of stool and urgency were significantly- lower than in IBS-C patients
(101 -+ 37 vs 206-+ 36 ml and 193 -+ 50 vs 326 -+ 59 ml, respectively, p<0.01 ). Any significant
difference was observed when sensitivity was expressed as pressnre levels. Rectal compliance
was also significamly lower in IBS-D patients than in IBS-C patients (64 +_ 1.5 vs 12.3 • 1.9
ml/mmHg, p<0.05). Average bag volume at MDP + 2 during 30 rain was significantly higher
in IBS-C than IBS-D patients (119 _+ 6 ml vs 69 -+ 2, p<0.05). Conclusion: IBS-D patients
are characterized by- increased rectal sensinvity, and by decreased compliance and adaptative
relaxation compared to IBS-C subjects. Rectal hamstat studies help to distinguish groups of
patients with different subtypes of IBS and support new hypothesis about IBS patbogenesi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Meal form influences CCK release and maximum satiation in healthy subjects.
No full textBackground and aim:
Meal-induced gastric distension and Cholecys-
tokinin (CCK) are involved in the food intake. The relationship between
meal gastric distension and CCK release have not been studied by non-
invasive technique. We studied gastric volumes changes by Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI) and CCK serum levels after water preload
and liquid (LM) and solid (SM) meals.
Material and methods:
Ten healthy subjects (4 F; Age 22
±
3; BMI
23
±
1) were studied on two days. Two test meals, a SM and LM with
a similar nutrient composition (carbohydrate 46%; fat 32%; protein
22%) and energy content were used. Subjects were requested to ingest
constant Kcal at 5 min interval (100 kcal/5 min) and to score their
satiation level on a visual analogue scale graded 0–5 (1=threshold, 5=
maximum satiation- MS). Experiment was scheduled as following: -10
min: 300 ml water preload (WPL); 0 min: solid or liquid meal until MS.
CCK levels (ELISA, Phoenix, USA) were measured at baseline, after
WPL, at 30, 60, 120 min of meal test. Gastric volume was evaluated
by 1.5 T MRI at baseline, after water load, at MS and 120 min. Total
(TGV) and proximal (PGV) gastric volumes (as difference respect to
baseline) were manually traced by a trained observer. Data are presented
as mean
±
SD.
Results:
Kcal ingested and time to reach MS were significantly higher
during SM (783
±
244 kcal; 44
±
14 min) than LM (630
±
353 p
<
0.01;
31
±
17 p
<
0.01). CCK serum peaks and time to peak were not different
in LM and SM (1.62
±
0.72 ng/ml vs 1.26
±
0.87, and 41
±
21 min vs
39
±
14, respectively). TGV and PGV were not different between the
two meal groups after WPL (SM: 271
±
59 ml, 72
±
46 vs LM: 309
±
55,
74
±
29) and at MS (SM: 554
±
203 ml, 92
±
32 vs LM: 560
±
301,
132
±
60). However TGV after WPL significantly correlated with CCK
peaks in both meal groups (SM: r=0.73; p=0.016 and LM: r=0.62;
p=0.049). PGV correlated with CCK peak in LM but not in SM (r=0.72,
p=0.015; r=0.026, p=0.82).
Conclusions:
The MS induced by SM is not depending by GV and by
CCK release. In contrast, the ability of LM to induce an earlier satiation
is associated to the combined effect of the proximal stomach distension
and the maximum CCK release. These results suggest a partial role of both total and proximal gastric distension in to determine CCK release.
This relationship appears more evident with a liquid form of mea
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