1,721,068 research outputs found
La Lanterna di Diogene: per un’ermeneutica della Criminologia nel XXI Secolo
No full textThe essay examines the contemporary theoretical status of the criminological discipline and its critical issues, starting from the observation of the stasis resulting from the lack of truly innovative theories since the nineties of the twentieth century. The primary postmodern character of the current criminology is precisely identified in the self-reflection, base of a "triple hermeneutic" in the wake of the sociological approach of Melucci, on the other hand in quitting the elaboration of a general theory of man and society to inscribe criminal phenomenon inside. Also, according to the Author, the hermeneutic difficulties of proposing a general theory have led to some approaches such as neo-biology and in some specific theories such as routine activity to blur more the "human" dimension.Il saggio esamina lo status teoretico della disciplina criminologica della contemporaneità e le sue criticità, partendo dalla constatazione della stasi derivante dalla mancanza di teorie realmente innovative dagli anni ’90 del XX secolo. Il precipuo carattere postmoderno dell’attuale criminologia è appunto individuato nell’auto-riflessività fondante una “tripla ermeneutica” nel solco dell’approccio sociologico di Melucci, dall’altro nella rinuncia all’elaborazione di una teoria generale dell’uomo e della società e a inscrivervi il fenomeno criminale. Altresì secondo l’Autore le difficoltà ermeneutiche di proposizione di una teoria generale hanno portato, in alcuni approcci come il neo-biologismo e in alcune specifiche teorie come quella dell’attività di routine, a sfocare maggiormente la dimensione “umana”
Diritto irrazionale interstiziale e la “scienza del Cadì” nella giurisdizione penale: da Weber a Damaska
No full textThe paper examines the actual presence of Weberian Kadi-Justiz in Italian criminal justice system, arguing that it is represented by correctional Tribunal legislation and jurisprudence regarding among others probation orders modifying prison sentence. This feature seems to be connected to and influence stagnation of recidivism risk assessment actuarial instruments evolution in Italian criminological science still nowadays stuck on traditional clinical judgment that has been called metaphorically Kadi-science. On the other hand, according to authors, comparing the situation with the common law area especially the USA it is possible to highlight a contrary rationalization and formalization process affecting sentencing guidelines, parole and bail decisions, probation orders and so on, due to incremental use of actuarial and evidence-based recidivism risk assessment tools up to introduction even statutory and compulsory provisions. The two totally reversed situations can be explained according to Damaska proposed activist and reactive State modelsIl lavoro esamina il modello idealtipico weberiano della giustizia del Cadì alla luce del sistema giudiziario italiano, sostenendo che è identificabile nella legislazione e giurisprudenza del Tribunale di sorveglianza in particolare con riferimento ai provvedimenti sulle misure alternative alla detenzione. Il riscontro storico nel Tribunale di sorveglianza dei caratteri della giustizia del Cadì sembra essere connessa e influenzare il ristagno dell'evoluzione degli strumenti attuariali di valutazione del rischio di recidiva nella scienza criminologica italiana ancora oggi bloccata sul giudizio clinico tradizionale. Gli autori delineano un parallelo metaforico tra tale modello di scienza applicata che denominano appunto "scienza del Cadì" con il modello idealtipico di giustizia con cui si salda. D'altra parte, secondo gli autori, confrontando la situazione con l'area di common law, in particolare gli Stati Uniti, è possibile evidenziare un contrario processo di razionalizzazione e formalizzazione della decisione sulle misure alternative che influenza le linee guida di condanna, le decisioni su libertà vigilata e cauzione, gli ordini di libertà vigilata e così via, a causa di un uso incrementale di strumenti di valutazione del rischio di recidiva attuariale e basati su prove empiriche fino all'introduzione anche di disposizioni normative cogenti che ne impongo l'uso. Il contrasto comparatistico tra il modello idealtipico della giustizia del Cadì e della giustizia razionale-formale nelle decisioni sulle misure alternative tra Italia e Stati Uniti può essere spiegate in accordo ai modelli dello Stato reattivo e attivista di Damaska secondo l'approccio socio-giuridico degli autori
Patient safety issues in magnetic resonance imaging: state of the art
No full textThe presence of a static magnetic field (Bo), a radiofrequency field (RF), a dynamic gradient which varies in time and loud noises during an MR examination could increase patient risk. Specifically, a magnetic field could interfere with ferromagnetic material leading to one of the following five dangerous interactions: 1) projectile effect, 2) twisting, 3) burning, 4) artefacts and 5) device malfunction. The projectile effect is when an object is attracted by the magnet with the risk, as reported in literature, of hitting the patient, operators and/or the instrument. Objects which typically can undergo this effect are oxygen and helium cylinders, IV stands, cleaning trolleys, chairs, lamp holders, scissors, forceps, clampers, traction weights, monitoring instruments, and especially metallic splinters within the patient. Twisting (torsion) typically occurs with cerebral vascular clamps and cochlear implants. If parts of implants are involved a malfunction may result. Burns can be caused when electrically conductive material is introduced within the magnet, for example, ECG electrodes, monitoring cables and coils which are in contact with the patient's skin, as well as tattoos and eye-liners that contain iron-oxides. Artefacts can be induced by RF emission of implanted devices which can be mistaken for noise of the receiving coil. Implanted devices can induce signal voids which mask or simulate pathologies. Electrical or mechanical malfunction of implanted devices includes pacemakers which can stimulate inappropriately or at an elevated frequency yielding a distorted ECG with altered T-waves. The risk for patients can be reduced by specific educational programs within individual radiology departments which include other specializations and external referring physicians with the aim of developing a standardized safety protocol
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Color Doppler assessment of univentricular atrioventricular connection - Comparison with two-dimensional echocardiography and cineangiography
No full textCFD modeling of pulverized coal combustion in an industrial burner
No full textThe accurate prediction of pulverized coal combustion in industrial application still remains a great challenge. This is mainly due to the lack of high quality experimental data acquired during the operation of industrial plants.
This work describes the CFD model used in order to numerically simulate the pulverized coal combustion of a full scale, swirl stabilized, aerodynamically staged, industrial burner. In particular, two different combinations of devolatilization and char burnout models were investigated comparing the numerical results with available experimental data obtained during a burner test carried out, in full-scale configuration, in a 50 MWth, fully instrumented, test rig.
In order to avoid any unrealistic assumption on pulverized coal distribution at the burner inlet, the entire primary air duct for pulverized coal transportation has been considered. The main flow is computed solving the steady, incompressible, three-dimensional, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, whereas the pulverized coal is simulated as a reacting discrete second phase in a Lagrangian frame of reference, computing the trajectories of the discrete phase entities, as well as heat and mass transfer.
The numerical analysis confirms the very good burner performance obtained during the tests with a very low percentage of fixed carbon left in the ashes
- …
