1,721,011 research outputs found
Syntactic foundations for unawareness of theorems
Full text linkWe provide a syntactic model of unawareness. By introducing multiple knowledge modalities, one for each sub-language, we specifically model agents whose only mistake in reasoning (other than their unawareness) is to underestimate the knowledge of more aware agents. We show that the model is a complete and sound axiomatization of the set-theoretic model of Galanis [2007] and compare it with other unawareness models in the literature
Interventions with Sticky Social Norms: A Critique
Full text linkWe study the consequences of policy interventions when social norms are endogenous but costly to change. In our environment, a group faces a negative externality that it partially mitigates through incentives in the form of punishments. In this setting, policy interventions can have unexpected consequences. The most striking is that when the cost of bargaining is high, introducing a Pigouvian tax can increase output-yet in doing so increase welfare. An observer who saw that an increase in a Pigouvian tax raised output might wrongly conclude that this harmed welfare and that a larger tax increase would also raise output. This counter-intuitive impact on output is demonstrated theoretically for a general model and found in case studies for public goods subsidies and cartels
Social Mechanisms and Political Economy: When Lobbyists Succeed, Pollsters Fail and Populists Win
Full text linkthis is a monograph, there is no abstrac
State power and conflict driven evolution
No full textThe goal of this chapter is to examine the implications of the evolution of social organizations due to
external competition. There are a variety of models of external competition. Models such as Ely (2002)
examine voluntary migration - these models tend to efficient outcomes as people are drawn to locations
with high per capita income. Historically, however, institutional success has not been through voluntary
immigration into the arms of welcoming richer neighbors. Rather people and institutions have generally
spread through invasion and conflict: the Carthaginians did not emigrate to Rome. Large institutional
change has often occurred in the aftermath of the disruption caused by warfare and other conflicts.
Hence it seems worthwhile studying external competition through conflict, which is the focus of this
chapter.
It is common to develop fact driven theories: a historical fact or laboratory anomaly is observed
and a theory is introduced to explain that fact. Here we focus on using theory to analyze facts and
particularly facts it was not designed to explain. The theory as indicated is external competition through
conflict. The theory itself tells us what facts and data to look for.
In a dynamic setting of a game or mechanism in which punishments and rewards are possible most
social arrangements arise as equilibrium - this finds sharp definition in the folk theorem of repeated
games (see Fudenberg and Maskin (1986)) but is a much broader observation. The goal of evolutionary
game theory is to ask which of these many feasible institutions and arrangements are persistent, which
are durable, which will we see in the long-run. Here we preview our results
Twin peaks: Expressive externality in group participation
Full text linkPublished online: 04 September 2023We introduce a model of group behavior that combines expressive participation with strategic participation. Building on the idea that expressive voting in elections is much like rooting for a sports team, we give applications to both sporting events and elections. In our model there is an expressive externality: an individual enjoys an event more when more of her peers come out to support her preferred party or team. We show that this results in the possibility of “tipping”—that participation may jump up discontinuously when the externality becomes strong enough. We examine the implications for pricing by sports teams and for voter turnout.This article was published Open Access with the support from the EUI Library through the CRUI - Wiley Transformative Agreement (2020-2023
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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