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(6(1):19-23)INVESTIGATION AND STUDY ON THE SOURCES OF THE PROTEIN FEEDSTUFFS IN TAIWAN - (Second Report) The Chemical Characteristics of Lupin Seed and Its Utilization as A Feed for Hogs (Continued)
No full text吾人已在本題第一報說明羽扇豆(Lupinus luteus)之有毒成份為其植物鹼(Lupinan alkaloid)而可由稀酸處理袪除應用於養豬；其處理最適條件決定為以五倍量(Vo1./Wt.)之2~3%鹽酸溶液施行浸漬三小時（常溫）。惟在此最適條件處理，仍難免豆中養份（主為蛋白質及澱粉）溶失幾達20%。本文吾人除一面進行調查羽扇豆處理物對養豬上之營養效果外，同時仍繼績進行處理方法之改良試驗及分析，以闡明在前報所發現之疑問，預期提高收率減低成本，俾能早日實現於養豬應用。
本試驗蒙徐所長惠予關懷照顧，特撥下經費五干元，俾便進行營養比較試驗，並在試驗期中得到畜產系之合作無間及陳茂森君之幫助頗多，借此誌謝表示敬意。
Following the first paper (Published in Agricultural Research Vol. 5, No. 3-4), a comparative study of nutritive value of the acid treated Lupin seed on hogs was made. Also some supplementary experiments concerning the treatment of Lupin seed as a feedstuff for hogs were continued.
In the acid process supplementary experiments, it was found that the 2.5 per cent hydrochloric acid solution can be used repeatedly twice in the treatment, and a more excellent result on remains secured in the second step of the operation.
Little difference on the yield was found between various concentrations of the acid in the neighbourhood of three per cent HC1; but the remains increased considerably when the amino acid manufacturing waste liquor containing 2.5 per cent HC1 was used instead of the ordinary hydrochloric acid solution.
In the experiment of steam cooking process, high remains of protein was obtained. The decrease of the solid matter was found to be mainly carbohydrate. Therefore, the acid treating method should be replaced by the steam cooking process, for the acid treatment needs more amount of labor and chemicals
(7(1):1-6)INVESTIGATION AND STUDY ON THE SOURCE OF THE PROTEIN FEEDSTUFFS IN TAIWAN(Fourth Report) A STUDY ON THE MUCUNA CAPITATA SEED AS A PROTEIN FEED
No full text(1) 由富貴豆組成成份分析，得富貴豆蛋白含量約30%（乾物），惟一方尚含有毒肢基酸Dopa約4%（乾物），致未能隨便為飼料蛋白源利用之。
(2) 富貴豆毒素按基酸Dopa概存於種肉部份，故僅以‘水煮脫殼處理’即無法獲得優異飼料化處理效果。
(3) 富貴豆飼料化可簡單以破碎原料10倍量水進行浸漬除毒，但，此時其收率缺佳及處理物顏色暗黑等，水浸方法無可應用。
(4) 富貴豆飼料化最適條件決定為：粗碎原料(10 mesh)以10倍量(vol./wt.)二十分一定規鹽酸浸漬1小時；可得飼料化成績略示：收率78%，蛋白含量24%，毒成份Dopa抽出去除達70%。
(5) 如鹽酸處理方法後半段改以水處理浸漬洗除殘留鹽酸，乃得飼料化成績：蛋白含量25%（乾物），毒害成份Dopa 0.65%（乾物），但一方純蛋白及澱粉同時各溶失10%等，因而僅得收率不及70%。
(6) 以化學的數值而言，‘鹽酸～水配合處理’方法飼料化物概可為飼料蛋白源利用，惟至其營養價值如何乙節，應俟辦理動物試驗後始得決定之。
A study was made to find a way to turn the velvet bean (Mucuna capitata) into a protein feedstuff for hogs.
The chemical constitution of velvet bean was analyzed. It was found that the protein content of the seed was about 27 per cent and the toxic amino acid “Dopa” more than three per cent, most of which contained in the meal part of the seed.
An experiment on the treatment of velvet bean to turn it into a feedstuff was made.
It seemed that the toxic amino acid could be easily removed by water maceration, where water being 10 times the finely crushed seed. But the yield was too low and the material would darken in color during and after the treatment. However, this undesirable action of water could be suppressed to some extent by the addition of hydrochloric acid.
The optimal condition of chemical treatment was to macerate the roughly crushed seed with ten times (vol./wt.) twentieth normal hydrochloric acid solution for one hour. With the optimal condition, a promising result was secured; the yield and protein content were 78 per cent and 24 per cent respectively, and the Dopa content lowered to approximately one per cent.
With the acid process metioned above, most of the Dopa could be removed when the material was treated by acid for 30 minutes and then followed by water maceration for 30 minutes, however, the yield decreased to about 70 per cent.
The feeding experiment on the nutritive value of the acid-water treated material will be carried in future
(18(2):36-45)COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE QUALITY OF RICE IN TAIWAN (II)
No full text民國56年擴大試驗調查範圍，由全省各地採集水稻梗米重要品種（原種），一期23品種49品樣，二期22品種33品樣，就糙米進行品質有關之成份分析，所得成績概要如見於表一~表二。
本年度成績結果略與55年度所得者同。即在來種蛋白量及顆粒澱粉比特別高，而可溶固形物量即全般的較為低等，顯見品種因素對成份品質之影響甚大。在本年度調查成績，尚發現環境因素對稻米成份品質有關，如北部地區產之純日本型稻蛋白量之奇高及其顆粒澱粉比之未如理想等，似應歸地方性之影響。
綜合55，56二年間調查成績，即知蛋白與灰份．澱粉及顆粒澱粉有關；至於其他成份，雖可溶固形物量對顆粒澱粉比影響甚鉅，但其相關不大顯著固定，應俟日後試驗研討，始得決定之。
An extensive survey on the quality of rice in Taiwan was conducted in 1967. Forty-nine samples of twenty three varieties in first crop and thirty-three samples of twenty-two varieties in second crop were collected from every district and chemical analyses were made on the brown rice. The results were shown in Table 1-2.
A same phonomenon, as got in 1966, was observed in this year. The extremely high amylose ratio and higher protein content were detected with the native rice again.
The quality of rice, so far as amylose ratio and protein content concerned, is prince-pally affected by its variety; even so, there were some effects observed with locality, for instance, the rice produced in northern district had higher amylose ratio and protein content.
Although the amylose ratio correlated with protein content, comparing the data obtained in these two years, it was expected that the amylose-amylopectin ratio should be mainly influenced by the quantity of soluble solid.
By screening with variety and locality, just thirty samples of twenty varieties were selected both from first and second crops, and a Table for comparison is presented as Table 5. With these thirty samples, significant correlationships were secured between protein and the other constituents, namely, starch (-), ash (+) and amylase-ratio (+) correlate with protein, respectively
(6(2):15-22)INVESTIGATION AND STUDY ON THE SOURCES OF THE PROTEIN FEEDSTUFFS IN TAIWAN (Third Report)- A Study on the Leucaena Glauca Seed as A Feed for Hogs (I)
No full text銀合歡Leucaena glauca BENTH.（荳科），係綠肥作物之一，俗稱Wlld-，或Horse-Tamarind；其主要用途不但為綠肥，尚可為綠蔭樹(Shade)、海岸防風林等，其葉可為飼料應用於家畜飼養。
銀合歡子實中蛋白質含量相當可觀，唯一方面尚含有毒成份植物鹼Mimosine及其dl-體Leucenol，因而飼養家畜時時常發生皮膚炎，惹起脫毛現象等，已在1950年前後布哇農事試驗場對此銀合歡雖有進行飼料化研究，但其對象似主關青葉部份，子實部份則僅示端緒而已。
銀合歡在本省出產狀況，除部份在南部西海岸為防風林栽植外，大部仍在東臺及山地於野生狀態繁殖，其子實據稱年產數百萬噸，產量可觀，然而至今僅有部份人利用；筆者等進行本項銀合歡飼料化試驗原由即在此也。
A study was made to utilize the Leucaena glauca seed as a feedstuff for hogs.
The mechanical composition of Leucaena seed was determined as meal one part and skin one part, that is one per one.
The chemical constitution of seed was also analyzed; protein content of the seed was about 30 per cent and alkaloid more than five per cent, which was found only in the meal.
The treatment of Leucaena seed to turn into a feedstuff was studied. No good result was obtained by the acid treatment for the yield was too small. On the other hand, however, the alkali treatment appeared to be promising.
The optimal condition of chemical treatment was to boil the seed not crushed with five times (vol./wt.) water for 30 minutes, then in same amount of tenth normal sodium hydroxide solution for 30 minutes, and again in water for ten minutes.
When the seed was treated by the process mentioned above except that in the final water-boiling process the cocking was stopped as soon as the water begins to boil, the amount of alkaloid decreased to one fifth, and no pure protein was lost.
It is concluded from chemical analysis that the alkali treated seed is more satisfactory as a feed than non treated one, because of less toxicity and high nutrition.
The feeding experiment with the alkali treated Leucaena seed on the hogs will be presented in another paper in near future
(20(3):31-41)STUDIES ON THE VARIETAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE IN QUALITY (I)
No full text為提供水稻育種上基本參考資料，民國58、59年在農試所栽培稻米50餘品種，就糙米進行品質、營養有關成分之化學分析。在此二年間重複出現之55品種（日本型稉米17品種，蓬萊雜種稉米21品種，印度型秈米17品種）所得成績如表3a～表3c。
如表4.，蓬萊雜種稉米之成份數值可謂與一般日本型稉米略同，反而日本型稉米中之早熟稻成份卻與印度型秈米相近。但在秈米，不難看出在來種與美國種之蛋白量相差無幾，然而顆粒澱粉量一項前者被後者高出一半，可見在來米品質大為遜色。
本調查中，發現顆粒澱粉量（即澱粉組成）數值之變異頻度頗大（顆粒澱粉量之全般增高不論），不便應用，故如探取前後差異未達6%者為準時，即得30品種稻米成份總平均：PH:6.6,，灰份:1.62%，脂肪：3.24%，蛋白：9.51%，澱粉：79.67%，還原醣：1.51%，顆粒澱粉量：23.2%，水溶蛋白：1.08%，鹽溶蛋白：1.69%，醇溶蛋白：0.27%，碱溶蛋白：7.36%，若吾人在米質品評上特別重視蛋白量、水溶蛋白量及顆粒澱粉量三成份時，依照上列平均標準，可得農林21號、關東51號、早生大野、Colusa, Vato（中粒）及Texas Patna（長粒）等為優良品種。
二年所得成績數值，環境因素之影響程度如何，及可為品種特性之認定與否，應俟辦理地方試驗比較始得判明。
In order to pesent a foundamental information concerning the quality and nutrition of rice for breeding, a Chemical survey on the constitution of brown rice was conducted in 1969~1970.
Fifty-five varieties of non-glutionus rice (consist of 17 Japonica, 17 Indica and 21 Penglia-hybrid (J x I)) were planted at the farm of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute under same conditions (1st crops) and their brown rices were analyzed.
The conclusive results were shown as in Table 4.
It was found that the constituents of Penglai-hybrid were almost equivalent to those of the common Japonica variety, on the other hand, those of Japonica early rice were similar to Indicas.
With the Indica varieties the one from U.S. had high protein and low amylase contents in contrast with the native rice had high contents in both. From this point of view, it might be concluded that the native variety was inferior in quality.
Comparing the data before and after in these two years, generally speaking, decreases in protein and increases in amylase contents were observed. Even though, as a surprising variation was found with the data of amylose, if the difference in amylose contens on each variety was limited below six percent, then only about 30 varieties were secured for use and the means of constituents were obtained as follows: pH 6.6, Ash 1.62%, Fat 3.24%, Protein 9.51%, Starch 79.67%, Reducing Sugar 1.51%m Amylose Content 23.2%, Water-sol. Protein 1.08%, Salt-sol. Protein 1.69%, Alchohol-sol. Protein 0.27%, Alkali-sol. Protein 7.36%.
When important positions were given noto the contents of protein, water-soluble protein and amylase for estimating quality of rice, with a standard according to the means mentioned above, it was detected that the varieties such as Nunglin No. 21, Kwantung No. 51, Early Daye, Colusa, Vato and Texas Patna etc, were belong to the superior noes
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counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
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