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(17(3):1-6)EFFECTS OF SPLIT APPLICATION OF FERTILIZER ON RICE YIELD
No full text本試驗以9種肥料處理，採用隨時區組法設計，重複四次，以臺中65號為供試品種，同時在臺北二個場所進行試驗。
依據本試驗結果得知，由於氮、鉀之分施可以增加稻米產量，其原因乃由於每穗退化穎花數之減少，結實率及千粒重的增加所致。
The design of this experiment was a randomized complete block with 4 replications and 9 fertilizer treatments,the total plot was 36, the plot size was 102m. The trial was located at two villages near Taipei, Taichung 65 was used in the test, the plant spacing was 22.5 by 22.5cm, with 5 seedlings being transplanted at each hill. Ammonium sulphate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate were used as sources of N, P2O5 and K2O respecti-vely, which were applied at the rate of 100, 50 and 100 kg per ha in first rice crop and 90, 50, 100 in second rice crop.
Experimental results obtained indicated that split of application of nitrogen and potass-ium fertilizers was effective in increasing paddy yield in both crops of rice. The yield incre-ase was due to the decreased of the number of degenerated spikelets per panicle, the higher percentage of fertility grains and the weight of 1,000 grain
(27(2):180-192)Studies on the Growth Pattern of Indica and Japonica Rices as Influence by Crop Seasons
No full text本試驗在探討瞭解稻生產過程中影響高產的生理過程，形態特徵，以明瞭不同期作對秈稉二型水稻品種產量的高低是否由於品種的本質或其也因素或產量組成成份，以供今後改良二期作品種選拔之參考，玆將試驗結果摘要如下：
不同類型品種間期作對株高伸長的過程有極大的差異，半矮性秈稻品種或植株較矮的稉稻品種（如Todorokiwase）一期作株高的伸長速度，以生育前期大於生育後期，高稈的稉稻品種則生育後期大於生育前期，但以抽穗期達最高峰。二期作，二型品種株高的伸長速度，均以生育前期大於生育後期，但所受環境的影譽稉稻大於秈稻。
在第一期作之環境下，品種間初期分蘗數的增加影響甚微，移植後5~6週間為分蘗最旺盛時期，分蘗期約可延續一個月之久。二期作分蘗的增加趨勢與第一期作不相同，分蘗期短促為其一大特色但穗數仍以秈稻品種較梗稻品種多。
就供試6個品種言，一期作之稈高均高於第二期作，穗數亦以第一期作較第二期作多，但稉稻較秈稻差異大，（如高雄64號，一二期作差異27%為最大，次為Todorokiwase 12.5%，新竹矮腳尖4.1%，而嘉農秈11號無差異）。一穗粒數一二期作之差異以Todorokiwase為最大(24.8%)，次為臺農38號，高雄34號，新竹矮腳尖，分別為12.4, 10.5, 8.4%，以嘉農仙11號之3.2%最低。千粒重以新竹矮腳尖之差異最大(15.2%)，嘉農仙11號較少(4.7%)。
一二期作單位面積稻殼產量的差異，以Todorokiwase最大（減產30%）臺農38號及高雄64號次之（分別減產21.3及21.5%）新竹矮腳尖及嘉農秈11號居三（分別減產17.4及15.7％）以花草18號減產8.3為最少。
Plant type and growth pattern are known to be closely related with the physiological status which will effects directly to the yield of rice. The present studies are aimed to investigate the growth pattern and yield components of Japonica-and indica-type rices as influence by crop seasons. The results of the research findings are summarized in the followings:
1. The growth rate of semi-dwarf varieties was larger in the early stage than the later stage of growth, however, the opposite was true for the long-culmed japonica type varieties, but in the second crop season, it was larger in the early stage than in the later stage in the both types of varieties. The japonica type varieties were found to be more sensitive to the enviromental conditions of second crop within the materials used.
2. Under the first crop season, no remarkable difference in the tillering numbers at the early stage between indica and Japonica varieties was observed. The No. of tillers increased rapidly thereafter and reached its maximum 5-6 weeks after tansplanting. The period developing tillers remain as long as one month. In the second crop season it took only 7-10 days to reach the maximum tillering stage. It was observed also that the indica type varieties have more effective tillers than the japonica type varieties.
3. Yield components differ remarkably between japonica and indica rices and also between different crop seasons. In general, the larger values were observed with the first crop season. For example, the japonica type varieties Kaohsiung 64 and Todorodiwase showed 27% and 21.5% increase in panicle per hill in the first crop than that in the secon crop. The indica type variety Hsinchu Ai-chiao-chien showed a smaller value (4.1%)of increment and no difference was observed for Chianung-sen 11 between the two crops.
4. Todorokiwase showed 24.8% more number of grains per panicle in the first crop than the second crop ofllowed by Tainung 33(12.4%), Kaosiung 64(10.5%) and Hsinchu Aichiao-chien (8.4%). Hsinchu Ai-chiao-chien shoved 15.2% higher in 1,000 grain weight in the first crop than that in the second crop, while Chianung-sen 11 was 4.7% more in the first crop.
5. Varietal difference in the degree of yield decrease in the second crop than of first
crop was observed which were in the .order of Todorokiwase (30%), Tainung 38 (21.3%) Kaohsiung 64 (21.5%), Hsinchu Ai-chaio-chien (17.4%) , Chianung-sen 11 (15.7%) and Hualien 18 (8.3%) respectively
(32(2):105-110)Growth Habits and Flowering Pattern of Jojoba
No full text本試驗之目的在瞭解 Jojoba（Simmondsia chinensis 〔 Link 〕 Schneider ）植株生長習性及開花現象。結果顯示，在 50 株供試材料中，具生長習性為平伏式（ Prostrate ）者及多葉式（Leafy or compact ）者各 1 株，其餘 48 株均為開放式（ Open ）。葉之大小，形式及節間長度，各形式間都有顯著的差別。
休眠性雄花芽在種子萌芽後 7-8 個月即可形成。雌性休眠花芽約較晚 2-3 個月。不論是雄性或雌性的休眠性花芽，開花期概在寒冷之秋冬季節，未開花者則仍呈休態眠狀。
雄花的開花有二種迥然不同的現象：（1）在雄株的植株上先形成由數個花苞聚集在一塊之休眠性花芽而後在秋冬季開花。（2）每一花苞單獨形成，不呈聚集狀，無顯明的休眠期，開花後可顯明的看到花萼 5 片及雄蕊 8 枚。
The growth habits and flowering pattern of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) were observed in the green house at TARI, Taichung, during the period from 1980 to 1981. Three types of growth habit were found among 50 plants: One each of prostrate and leafy (or compact) types, and the rest open type. Leaf shape, leaf size and internode length on the main stem varied according to the different type of growth habit.
The dormant male flower buds appeared when plants were 7 to 8-months old, whereas the female ones formed 2-3 months later. Both male and female dormant flower buds blossomed only in autumn or winter and un-opened ones remained dormant.
Two types of blossoming were observed on male plants: (1) dormant flower buds formed in clusters and blossomed in autumn or winter and (2) single flower buds, with no dormant period, came in to full blossom with 5 sepals and 8 stamens
(29(1):61-65)Studies on winter cropping system for paddy field of central Taiwan
No full text以早熟稻品種陸奧錦（Mutsunishiki）及中晚熟品種臺農67 號為觀察材料。經比較其生育期間晝夜溫差之結果，認為本期作所導致陸奧錦之不稔現象為夜低溫為主要原因。不稔穀粒之分佈，以穗端部最大，次為中部，基部最少，其稔實率分別為31.7 , 43.7 及62.3 %。此種現象與以稻穗支梗著生部位所調查結果甚為一致，但各次分蘗之稔實率則顯有差異，高節位之分蘗較低節位之分蘗之稔實率有較低之趨勢。農67 號未發生不稔現象。
稻因早植較一般移植者株高較低，二者相差14.3cm ( Mutsunishiki）及9.9 cm （臺農67 號）數亦以早植者優於一般植期者，各品種分別每株增加3.9 穗（Mutsunishiki）及3.0 穗（臺農67 號）。
An early maturing variety Mutsunishiki, and a medium-late variety, Tainung 67 were planted one month earlier than the conventional planting time of first rice crop to explore the possibility of early harvest of rice to be followed by the second crop of rice and the subsequent culture of upland crops during the winter season.
A severe seed sterility occurred in Mutsunishiki, but not in Tainung 67. After recording of day-night temperature changes, it was noticed that the night temperatures was very low during the period of meiosis stage of Mutsunishiki, therefore, it was considered to be the main factor causing the severe seed sterility.
The percent seed setting varied from different parts of a panicle, the upper, middle and lower parts of panicle being 31.7%, 43.7% and 62.3% respectively. A similar trend was also observed for different branches within a panicle. Percent seed setting also varied from tiller to tiller within a hill and the higher the node position of the tiller, the lower the percent seed setting.
The plant height of Mutsunishiki and Tainung 67 shortered to be 14.3cm and 9.9cm due to the early planting, However, the number of tillers was found to be increased
(30(2):167-172)Effects of sowing date and planting density on the growth, yield and yield characteristics of oilseed flax
No full text亞麻莖之最大增長率出現日期，以S1，最早（播後30-40天），次為52、53及54（播後40-50天），其增長率分別為87.1、94.1、88.4及94.0%。但晚播者（S4）至播後之50-60天，仍有80.2%之增長車，顯示早播對莖之伸長發育有利，惟莖徑的增大，於亞麻發育初期（播後20-30天）即達40-72%，早播較晚播之增長率較低。
植期S1（10月5日）及S2（10月20日）之莖長大於植期S3（11月5日）及S4（11月20日），顯示早植可促進麻莖的伸長。但有效莖長，以S2最優（68.4 cm），次為S4（62.6 cm）及S3（62.2 cm），換言之，如種植亞麻之目的為採纖，其播種期仍以在11月上旬為宜，但如以種子為目的，則以10月上中旬種植產量最高，處理間差異顯著。10月5日（S1）播種者，各產量性狀如分蘗數、分枝數、全株朔果數，一個朔果種子數及千粒重等，概較其他三處理者為優。播種密度則以D4（900株／m2）及D3（1,350株／m2）之各產量性狀較D1（2,250株／m2）及D2（1,800株／m2）優異。An oilseed flax cultivar CI-2446 was used in this study to investigate the effects of sowing date (S1-S4, with 15-day interval starting from Oct. 5) and planting density on the growth and yield performances. Results showed that the maximum percent increase in plant height for the four sowing dates occurred between, respectively, 30-40 (S1), 40-50 (S2, S3 and S4) days after planting with respective values of 87.1, 94.1, 88.4, and 94.0%. It indicated that early planting was beneficial to stem elongation. On the other hand, the maximum percent increase in stem diameter appeared between 20-30 days after planting and early planting showed a lower increase rate than late planting.
The plant height of early planting (S1 and S2) was taller than that of late planting (S3 and S4). However, the effective lengh of stem for the latter was longer than that of the early planting ones. In other words, the optimum seeding date was from early to mid-November for fiber flax and from early to mid-October for oilseed flax.
In the early planting plots (S1), the tiller number, number of branch, number of capsule per plant, nnmber of seed per capsule and 1,000-seed weight, and therefore the seed yield, were significantly higher than those of other plots of late planting. Studies on planting density also showed that yield and yield characteristics of lower planting densities (900-1,350 plants/ m2) were superior to those of higher planting densities (1,800-2,250 plants/m2)
(31(4):291-297)Studies on Varieties of the Botanical Characteristics and Abaptability of Chick Pea (Cier arietinum L.)
No full text從印度ICRISAT 引進山藜豆（Chick pea）11 品系，第一年行缽栽觀察，第二年行田間栽培觀察，分別探討其植物性狀及其在本省適應性。經二年觀察結果，發現本類作物適合本省冬季期間栽培，且所參試品系中，以K1（白花種No. 4973）產量較高，平均公頃產量為1,019 kg。至於植物性狀之觀察，經調查詳述於本文中。
Eleven varieties of chick pea (Cier arietinum L. ) introduced from ICRISAT, India, were grown in pots as well as in the experimental field in TARI, Taichung, Taiwan, during the years of 1979-1980. The botanical characteristics and their adaptability were investgated.
We found that most varieties of chick pea grew vigorously in winter time. Among the entires tested, variety K1 (Kabuli type No. 4973) yielded 1019 kg/ha, which was the highest among the varieties tested
(24(1-2):1-10)YIELD AND RESISTANCE OF RICE BLAST RESISTANT COMPOSITE VARIETIES
No full text1. 抗病品系之混合品種較感病品種確有控制稻熱病蔓延之效。臺南5號或嘉南8號均為感病品種，其第一期作葉稻熱病之罹病率分別為35.7％及85.3%。第二期作為50.2％及89.2％。混合品種之罹病率，第一期作以5-1、9-1及31-2最低，僅有1.0％之罹病率，最高者為40-2，但亦僅有5.1％。第二期作以3-1及5-1之罹病率最低(罹病率1.5%)，以7-1最高(罹病率10.5%)。至於穗稻熱病之罹病率亦很明顯的可以看出混合品種低於對照品種。
2. 在發病地區混合品種與對照品種的稻穀產量，一、二期作均顯示品種間有極顯著的差異存在。第一期以33-2產量最高，次為41-2、40-2、31-2、3-1等品種。第二期作因發病程度較第一期為嚴重，混合品種單位面積產量有更突出的表現，如41-2產量較對照品種約增收一倍以上，其他各混合品種亦增收40~70％之間。由此可認定在稻熱病發生地區種植混合品種有穩定產量之功效。
3. 一般環境下，種植混合品種之結果，顯示在臺北及嘉義品種間產量差異不顯著。屏東第一期作以嘉南8號產量最高，41-2次之，但差異並不顯著。第二期作品種間差異極顯著，以3-1及7-1產量最高，分別較對照品種增產30％及10%，其他品種問差異不顯著。
This study is aimed at developing composite varieties which are composed of promissing blast resistance lines from Taichung 184, 186, Taichung yu 115, Pino 4 and C 115, with the genetic background of varieties Tainan 5 and Chianan 8. The blast resistance of composite varieties was tested at Pinglin where the disease prevails severely in both the 1st and 2nd crops. For the yield trial, four locations were included, namely Pinglin, Taipei, Chiayi and Pingtung. Results of the study are concluded as follows:
1. The composite varieties gave a successful control over the prevalence of the disease. The degree of leaf blast infections of the recurrent parents Tainan 5 and Chianan 8, was 35.7% and 50.2% in the 1st crop, 85.3 and 89.2% in the 2nd crop, respectively, while that of the composite varieties ranged from 1.0% (varieties 5-1, 9-1 and 31-2) to 5.1% (variety 40-2) in the 1st crop, and 1.5% (varieties 3-1 and 5-1) to 10.5% (variety 7-1) in the 2nd crop, with an average of 3.27%.
2. The composites outyielded the recurrent parents by 10-34% in the 1st crop and
57-104% in the 2nd crop. The difference was highly significant, especially, when the disease epidemic was severe in the 2nd crop.
3. With the non-infected plots in Taipei and Chiayi, no significant difference in grain yield was observed between the composites and the parental varieties. However it was significant at Pingtung district in both rice crop seasons. The composite varieties 3-1 and 7-1 outyielded Tainan 5 by 10-30%, while varieties 40-2, 31-2, 33-2 and 41-2 yielded less than Chianan 8 by 5-13% in 2nd crop season
(33(4):372-376)Performances of Agronomic Characters and Biomass Yield of Sweet Sorghum in Autumn and Ratoon Plantings
No full text本試驗以28 個甜高粱品種在1982 年秋季（9 月14 日）種植，子實成熟收穫後即行宿根栽培，以探討不同耕作方式及生育環境對生質產量（biomass Production ）及錘度（brix ）等之影響。結果顯示生質平均產量，不論品種為何，秋作（37.6kg / 10m2 ）概較宿根（22.1kg / 10m2 ）為高，其主要原因乃由於在宿根之生長環境下導致莖長及葉數的下降。莖汁平均錘度也以秋作（8.3% ）高於宿根（7.4% ）。自性狀間相關獲知，生質產量（秋作或宿根）與莖高及種子收量呈極顯著正相關、與葉數呈顯著正相關。莖汁之平均錘度與下、中、上部莖錘度之相關極高（0.82-0.99），因此測定其中某一部位的錘度或即具代表性。
Twenty-eight sweet sorghum cultivars/lines were planted in the autumn season ( Sept. 14) of 1982 and their ratoon crop was followed after harvest. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomass yield and the agronomic characters between different cultural practices. Results showed that average biomass yield of the 28 entries was higher in the autumn crop (37.6kg/10 m2) than in the ratoon crop (22.lkg/l0m2). The low yield of ratoon crop was presumed to be related to the decreases in stem length and the number of leaves. Stem brix value was also higher for the autumn crop (8.3) than for the ratoon crop (7.4). For both crops, the yield of biomass was closely correlated with stem hight, seed yield and the number of leaves. The mean brix of the stem was found highly correlated with the brix values of the upper, middle or lower portions of the stem (0.82-0.99), indicating that any part of the stem can be used as material for the determination of stem brix
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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