7 research outputs found
Instagram as a Da’wah Medium for Al-Hasany Foundation Islamic Boarding School
No full textSocial media expands the volume of information for each individual so that it holds power over control. Human interaction through online media is not limited by time and space, as long as the user is connected to an internet connection. Unlimited interaction is a reason for an Islamic boarding school manager to create a @alhasanymedia Instagram account. This study explores the use of Instagram by Al-Hasany Islamic boarding school for da’wah. The research uses a qualitative field method, the research procedure assembles descriptive data of interview or written word sequences from the observed people, and this approach is directed at the individual setting in a holistic (whole) manner. In qualitative research, the author becomes an essential instrument (human instrument) to establish the focus of the research, find and select informants as the data source, collect data, assess data quality, analyze data, interpret data and make conclusions on the findings. The results of this study show that the Instagram account @alhasanymedia has contributed to Islamic boarding school as an educational institution which includes the media of da’wah, information, blessing, promotion, nostalgically, and documentation for pesantren and graduates of Al-Hasany Sumber Islamic boarding school, parents and Abituren
PURE POLYURETHANE AND CASTOR OIL BASED POLYURETHANE: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION
No full textIn this study, the physico-chemical properties of high performance polyurethane synthesized from poly propylene glycol (PPG) in comparison with a combination of PPG and castor oil, is studied using the in-situ polymerization technique. The variations in properties of both types of polyurethanes are evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. Tensile strength properties were investigated by film tensile testing equipment. The results indicated the presence of large -CH stretching in the castor oil mixed polyurethane with a larger oxidative thermal stability over pure PPG polyurethanes. The tensile properties were found to be almost comparable in pure and mixed polymers, signifying the usage of mixed polymers in the future to overcome the environmental and economic crisis in polyurethane synthesis
Blending Electronics with the Human Body: A Pathway toward a Cybernetic Future
No full textAt the crossroads of chemistry, electronics, mechanical engineering, polymer science, biology, tissue engineering, computer science, and materials science, electrical devices are currently being engineered that blend directly within organs and tissues. These sophisticated devices are mediators, recorders, and stimula-tors of electricity with the capacity to monitor important electrophysiological events, replace disabled body parts, or even stimulate tissues to overcome their current limitations. They are therefore capable of leading humanity forward into the age of cyborgs, a time in which human biology can be hacked at will to yield beings with abilities beyond their natural capabilities. The resulting advances have been made possible by the emergence of conformal and soft electronic materials that can readily integrate with the curvilinear, dynamic, delicate, and flexible human body. This article discusses the recent rapid pace of development in the field of cybernetics with special emphasis on the important role that flexible and electrically active materials have played therei
Mahmud Hasaniy tarafından Özbek Türkçesine tercüme edilen Hüsayn İbn-i İbrahim Muhammad ӓt- Taflisiy'nin Kamilüʼt-tӓʼbir/ Mükammӓl tuş Taʼbirnamasi (7-61. sayfalar arası) (transkripsiyon-inceleme-aktarı-dizin)
No full textBu yüksek lisans tezinde Mahmud Hasaniy tarafından Özbek Türkçesine tercüme edilen Hüseyn İbn-i İbrâhim Muhammad et Taflisiy’nin Kâmilü’t-Ta’bir/ Mükammal Tuş Ta’birnâmasi adlı eserinin, 7-61. arası sayfaları üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Tez çalışması Transkripsiyon, İnceleme, Aktarı, Dizin olarak dört ana bölümden oluşmaktadır.Girişte yazar ve eser hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra; Transkripsiyon bölümünde, metnin Özbek Kirilinden Latin alfabesine transkripsiyonlu şekli verilmiştir. İnceleme bölümünde teze konu olan bölümün gramer incelemesi yapılmıştır. Aktarı bölümünde, metin Türkiye Türkçesine aktarılmıştır. Son bölümü oluşturan dizinde ise, metinde geçen tüm kelimeler ile birleşik yapılar alfabetik olarak sıralanıp metinde geçen anlamları ile verilmiştir. Dizin Türksözdiz hazırlanmıştır. Dizinin ardında kaynakça ve orijinal metin yer almaktadır.This MA thesis was conducted on the pages between 7 and 61 of Kâmilü’t-Ta’bir/ Mükammal Tuş Ta’birnâmasi written by Hüseyn İbn-i İbrâhim Muhammad et Taflisiy, which was translated into Uzbek Turkish by Mahmud Hasany. The thesis is comprised of four main chapters: Transcription, Research, Transition and Index.Following the Introduction, where the author and his work was explained, In the Transcription, the text was given in the form from Uzbek Cyrillic to Latin alphabet. Grammar analysis of the related part of the work was carried out in the Research. The text was translated into Turkish in Transition. In Index, which is the last part of the thesis, all the words and compound structures in the text were listed alphabetically and given with their meanings. The index was formed with the programme Türksözdiz. Following the Index, references and the original text are available
Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of alginate methacrylate (ALMA)-based hydrogels: Current advances and challenges
No full textAlginate methacrylate (ALMA) hydrogels have been prevalently used in various biomedical applications, mainly due to their photocrosslinking ability. Not only this feature allows the formation of cell-laden hydrogels, but it also facilitates the fine-tuning of hydrogels' physical attributes such as mechanical properties, pore size distribution, and degradation rate. In the past decade, various modifications were applied to ALMA hydrogels to amend their physiochemical and biological properties to enhance their performance in tissue engineering applications. Moreover, the advent of microfabrication technologies further expanded the horizon of ALMA hydrogels by facilitating the fabrication of microstructures with controlled architecture. Remarkably, these improvements opened up new avenues in biomedical research to study cell-cell interactions and cell morphogenesis in response to microstructural cues. Aside from that, ALMA hydrogels were successfully used for the regeneration of multiple tissues, including bone, cartilage, and muscle, among others. Given the current state of research on ALMA hydrogels, it is timely to map the evolution of these hydrogels and review the collective work on this topic. Herein, we have provided an extensive review of ALMA-based hydrogels covering a broad spectrum of issues on this topic, including synthesis methods, tuning of physical properties, organic/inorganic composites, microfabrication, and tissue engineering applications. Lastly, future directions regarding the application of ALMA-based hydrogels in developing advanced materials and technologies are discussed. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The expression and regulation of CYP11A1 gene in the brain
No full text近年研究指出，神經性類固醇影響腦內生理功能扮演相當程度的角色，其合成途徑的第一步是由CYP11A1基因產物，細胞色素P450膽固醇側鏈截切脢 (cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage, P450scc) 所催化，因CYP11A1在腦中含量很低，其表現分布與轉錄調控的了解有限。在本實驗室所建立的SCC-Cre/R26R動物模式，發現長度4.4 kb之人類CYP11A1啟動子可驅動轉殖基因Cre重組酶在小鼠腦區有專一性的表現。為了證明內生性P450scc在這些腦區的表現，本研究利用免疫組織染色分析，說明了在小鼠海馬迴結構，間腦內的上視丘疆核、視丘神經核、下視丘神經核，與新皮質等區域中皆可偵測到，且主要表現在神經細胞。為了了解CYP11A1基因的轉錄調控，我們利用SCC-Cre/R26R動物模式，建立了SCC-iCre暫時性基因轉殖小鼠，探討CYP11A1啟動子在腦內的表現活性。將長度為4.4 kb 與2.7 kb的人類CYP11A1啟動子接上Cre重組酶基因後，藉由顯微注射，送入ROSA26小鼠異合子型的原核胚，待胚胎發育第14.5天，即直接取胚胎，利用X-gal全胚胎染色，分析Cre重組酶於胚胎鼠腦的活性。結果發現，4.4 kb與2.7 kb之CYP11A1啟動子皆可使Cre重組酶表現於胚胎腦部，前者主要表現在中腦、間腦及嗅球，後者僅主要表現在中腦尾端，說明了CYP11A1在不同腦區表現所需的元素有所不同，可能有不同的調控機制。
肝受體同源體-1 (liver receptor homolog-1, LRH-1) 為核受器家族的成員之一，目前已知該蛋白大量表現於卵巢濾泡之顆粒細胞及黃體，但其生理功能不清楚。為了解LRH-1於小鼠卵巢之生理功能，我們利用人類CYP11A1啟動子驅動EGFP-mLRH11~240之融合蛋白，建立SCC-ELRHdn基因轉殖小鼠。mLRH-11~240片段具有顯性抑制效果，藉CYP11A1啟動子使其表現於卵巢，以降低內生性LRH-1。結果顯示，經反轉錄PCR反應，可測得轉殖基因之mRNA有表現，且兩個轉殖株之內生性Cyp11a1及Cyp19的表現量有下降趨勢。但對於卵巢的生理作用並無明顯的效應。Recent studies indicated that neurosteroids play an important role in the physiological function of brain. The first and rate-limiting step of the steroid synthesis pathway is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) which is encoded by CYP11A1 gene. It is difficult to study because of the low expression levels. The expression pattern and transcriptional regulation of the CYP11A1 gene in nervous system is largely unknown. Our previous SCC-Cre/R26R transgenic model showed that the human CYP11A1 4.4 kb promoter can drive the transgene Cre recombinase expressed in specific regions of the mice brain. In order to verify the endogenous gene expression in these brain regions, we performed immunohistochemistry to detect the presence of P450scc in mice brain. Our result showed that P450scc expression was observed in hippocampus, habenular nucleus, neuron nucleus of thalamus and hypothalamus, and cerebral neocortex. The colocalization of P450scc and NeuN demonstrated that most of P450scc exist in neuron cell in these regions. In order to clarify the transcriptional regulation of CYP11A1 gene, established the transient SCC-iCre transgenic mice model by using R26R system to study the promoter activity of human CYP11A1 gene in the brain. The 4.4 kb or 2.7 kb of 5’-flanking region of the human CYP11A1 gene was fused to the Cre recombinase and the transgenes were injected to the ROSA26 heterozygote pronuclei by microinjection. The transgenic embryos were collected at embryonic day 14.5 and assayed for the activity of Cre recombinase by whole-mount X-gal staining. The results displayed that both 4.4 kb and 2.7 kb promoter can drive the Cre expression in the embryonic brain, but the distinct difference in expression pattern between the two promoters is observed. The activity of Cre recombinase is predominantly detected in the midbrain, diencephalon and olfactory bulb in the SCC4.4-iCre transgenic brain. However, it only can be observed in the caudal part of the midbrain in the SCC2.7-iCre brains. The results suggest that CYP11A1 gene expression could be differentially regulated in different regions of the brain.
Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) is one member of the nuclear receptor family. It has been show that LRH-1 is highly expressed in the granulose cells and luteal cells of the ovary, but its physiological function is not certain. In order to explore the potential role of LRH-1 in the ovary, we construct the EGFP-mLRH11~240 fusion protein which is driven by the human CYP11A1 promoter to generate the SCC-ELRHdn transgenic mice. The mLRH11~240 has the dominant-negative effect on the transactivity of mLRH-1. The transgene expression are detected by RT-PCR analysis in the transgenic mice. In addition, the potential target genes Cyp11a1 and Cyp19 are slightly down-regulated. However, the transgenic animals do not exhibit abnormalities in ovary development and fertility.表次 I
圖次 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
第一章 引言 1
一、類固醇荷爾蒙生成途徑 1
二、神經性類固醇 (neurosteroids) 1
(一) 神經性類固醇的發現 1
(二) 神經性類固醇的生成 1
(三) 神經性類固醇的功能 2
三、CYP11A1基因在腦內的特性 3
(一) Cyp11a1於腦中的表現分布 3
(二) 人類CYP11A1啟動子於腦中的基因調控 4
四、Cre-loxP系統 5
(一) Cre-loxP的特性 5
(二) Cre-loxP系統於條件式基因剔除 (conditional knockout) 上的應用 6
(三) 檢測Cre重組酶之活性 6
五、Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) 的特性 7
(一) LRH-1的結構 7
(二) LRH-1的功能及基因調控角色 7
六、研究動機 8
第二章 材料與方法 10
一、轉殖基因的建構 10
二、基因轉殖小鼠的產生 10
三、小鼠基因型檢測 (Genotyping) 11
四、灌流 (perfusion) 12
五、冷凍組織切片 (frozen section) 12
六、免疫螢光組織染色 (immunohistochemistry) 13
七、X-gal 酵素活性染色 14
八、反轉錄-聚合酵素鏈鎖反應 (Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR) 14
九、細胞培養 16
十、暫時轉染法 (Transient transfection) 16
第三章 結果 18
一、內生性Cyp11a1於小鼠腦中的表現與分布 18
(一) 海馬迴結構 (hippocampus formation) 18
(二) 疆核 (habenular nucleus) 19
(三) 視丘室旁核(pararventricular nucleus of thalamus, PV)19
(四) 下視丘室旁核 (paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, PaH) 20
(五) 腹內側下視丘核 (ventromedial hypothalamus nucleus, VMHDM) 20
(六) 大腦新皮質 (neocortex) 20
二、4.4 kb與2.7 kb CYP11A1啟動子在14.5天胚胎鼠腦活性表現之特異性 22
三、SCC-ELRHdn基因轉殖小鼠 24
(一) 轉殖基因SCC-ELRHdn的建構 24
(二) 轉殖基因於NCI-H295R細胞株的表現 24
(三) SCC-ELRHdn轉殖基因小鼠的產生 25
(四) 轉殖基因於SCC-ELRHdn小鼠之表現 25
第四章 討論 26
一、P450scc在小鼠腦中的表現 26
(一) 內生性P450scc於腦中的表現區域 26
(二) 與轉殖基因Cre重組酶表現分布之比較 27
(三) 具有P450scc表現的神經核區之功能探討 27
二、人類CYP11A1啟動子在腦的調控 29
三、SCC-ELRHdn基因轉殖小鼠的表現 30
參考文獻 32
表 41
圖 4
Adsorption of Environmental Hormones Using Magnetic Adsorbent: A Case Study of Dimethyl Phthalate
No full text鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)屬於環境荷爾蒙，其存在濃度極低，同時其極低濃度的暴露量即可對生化與細胞作用機制造成巨大的改變。故本研究以吸附的方式濃縮DMP，欲達到提高單位體積的汙染物濃度，以利於氧化、降解或其他處理處置程序。
本研究以化學共沉法製備四氧化三鐵，再以懸浮聚合法的方式合成之磁性聚醋酸乙烯酯(M-PVAC)，最後進行表面改質形成吸附劑磁性聚乙烯醇(M-PVAL)。其飽和磁化強度分別為57.2、26.0和43.2 emu g-1。皆具有超順磁性。吸附劑屬於微米等級而其粒數平均粒徑為0.75 μm。
以完全攪拌槽進行動力實驗，整體性動力學部份，分別以假性一階動力方程式、假性二階動力方程式和Elovich rate equation。傳統動力學部分以孔擴散及表面擴散模式進行探討。結果顯示隨著初始濃度越高，固液之間濃度梯度越大，其達到平衡的時間越快。
等溫吸附曲線實驗分為不調整初始pH值、初始pH值為5及7三組，皆以Langmuir等溫吸附方程式、Freundlich等溫吸附方程式及Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R)等溫吸附方程式進行模擬。三組實驗之Langmuir isotherm之單層飽和吸附量qL分別為5.21、4.01和4.22 mg g-1。三組之Freundlich isotherm之異質性常數nF值分別為2.19、2.59、2.59，皆大於1。顯示本DMP/M-PVAL系統屬於有利吸附。三組實驗由D-R等溫方程式推估之每莫耳吸附質吸附的自由能EF值分別6.48、7.04和7.19 kJ mol-1，其EF皆小於8 kJ mol-1，整體的吸附程序是屬於物理自然發生的形式。
調整含有甲醇比例為0、10 及50 vol.%進行等溫吸附實驗，其qL值分別為5.21、4.03及1.18 mg g-1。顯示甲醇之含量越高，則M-PVAL之qL值越低。同時三組之EF值分別為6.48、5.89和4.68 kJ mol-1，顯示甲醇與DMP可形成良好之鍵結，以致親合力較吸附劑為高。利用此特性以50 vol.%甲醇進行脫附實驗，經過兩次脫附單元後，其脫附效率高達95%。Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is a member of environmental hormones. It exists with low concentration and is harmful to biological and cell`s mechanism even with a very low exposed concentration. Adsorption is chosen to remove and concentrate DMP for further oxidizing, degrading or other treating processes.
Fe3O4 (M) is prepared by precipitation method and then synthesized to magnetic polyvinyl acetate (M-PVAC) by suspension polymerization. Its surface is modified by alcoholization to produce a polymer adsorbent of magnetic polyvinyl alcohol (M-PVAL). The saturated magnetizations of particles M, M-PVAC and M-PVAL are 57.2, 26.0 and 43.2 emu g-1 with super-para-magnetism, respectively. The average particle size of M-PVAL by number is 0.75 μm in micro size.
Global kinetic expressions are simulated by pseudo-first-order equation, pseudo-second-order equation and Elovich rate equation in completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system. Traditional kinetic models of pore and surface diffusions are also employed. As a result, time to reach equilibrium is faster when the initial concentration of DMP is higher because of the high gradient of concentrations between solid and liquid.
The isotherm experiments include three cases: (1) with no adjustment of initial pH (pH0) of solution, (2) pH0 = 5 and (3) pH0 = 7. The results are simulated by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. The saturated amounts of adsorption of unimolecular layer (qL) of Langmuir isotherm are 5.21, 4.21 and 4.22 mg g-1 in these three cases and the values of heterogeneity factor nF of Freundlich isotherm are 2.19, 2.59 and 2.59 which are greater than 1. It reveals the DMP/M-PVAL system is belong to favorable adsorption. The values of adsorption activation energy per mole (EF) of D-R isotherm in these cases are 6.48, 7.04 and 7.19 kJ mol-1which are less than 8 kJ mol-1, indicating that the adsorption process is belong to the form of physical nature.
The values of qL for the adsorption of DMP in three solutions containing 0, 10 and 50 vol.% alcohol are 5.21, 4.03 and 1,18 mg g-1, respectively. It shows the more content of methnol the less the concentration in solid M-PVAL (qL). The values of EF in these three experimental sets are 6.48, 5.89 and 4.68 kJ mol-1 , indicating that stable bond forms between the methanol and DMP so that the affinity between them is better than that between the adsorbent and DMP. Using the characteristics between methanol and DMP to desorption process, the desorption efficiency is as high as 95 % by twice desorption units applying 50 vol.% methnol.中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
目錄 v
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xii
符號說明 xvi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 環境荷爾蒙 4
2.1.1 環境荷爾蒙簡介 4
2.1.2 環境荷爾蒙使用情形及分類 4
2.1.3 鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯 6
2.1.4 鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯處理相關文獻 6
2.2 磁性吸附劑相關研究 8
2.2.1磁鐵礦 (Magnetite)合成─化學共沉法(Percipitation Method) 8
2.2.1.1 磁鐵礦表面化學原理 9
2.2.2聚乙烯醇之製備 9
2.2.2.1 懸浮聚合 11
2.2.2.2 自由基鎖鏈聚合反應機構 11
2.2.2.3 聚醋酸乙烯酯之特性 13
2.2.2.4 聚乙烯醇之特性 13
2.3吸附原理 14
2.3.1 吸附基本理論 14
2.3.2 等溫吸附方程式 14
2.3.2.1 Freundlich等溫吸附方程式 16
2.3.2.2 Ladgmuir等溫吸附方程式 18
2.3.2.3 Dubinin-Radushkevich 等溫吸附方程式 18
2.3.2.4 BET多層吸附方程式 20
2.3.3 吸附動力理論 21
2.3.3.1 假性ㄧ階動力方程式(Pseudo-first-order Rate Equation) 22
2.3.2.2 假性二階動力方程式(Pseudo-second-order Rate Equation) 23
2.3.2.3 Elovich-Rate Equation 23
2.3.2.4 外部質量傳送 24
2.3.2.5 內部質量傳送 26
第三章 實驗設備與研究方法 29
3.1 藥品 29
3.2 實驗設備 30
3.2.1 磁性吸附劑合成設備 30
3.2.2 吸附劑物理化學特性分析 30
3.3.3 吸脫附實驗系統 31
3.3 實驗步驟 31
3.3.1 磁性聚乙烯醇之製備 35
3.3.1.1 化學共沉法製備磁性凝膠 35
3.3.1.2 懸浮聚合法製備磁性聚醋酸乙烯酯 37
3.3.1.3 醇解改質 38
3.3.2 吸附劑特性分析 38
3.3.2.1表面官能基 38
3.3.2.2磁特性 41
3.3.2.3掃瞄式電子顯微鏡 41
3.3.2.4 比表面積 41
3.3.2.5 粒徑分佈 41
3.3.2.6 表面電位 42
3.3.2.7 密度及孔隙度 42
3.3.3 吸脫附行為之探討 43
3.3.3.1 完全攪拌槽動力實驗 43
3.3.3.2 等溫吸脫附曲線 43
3.3.3.3 磁性吸附劑脫附再生與磁性分離 44
3.4 實驗分析方法與條件 44
3.4.1分光光度計 44
3.4.2高效能液相層析儀 45
第四章 結果與討論 47
4.1 吸附劑之物理化學特性 47
4.1.1 磁滯曲線 47
4.1.2 表面官能基 47
4.1.3 吸附劑物理特性分析 50
4.1.4 界達電位 54
4.2 完全攪拌槽吸附動力 57
4.2.1 吸附背景參數設定 57
4.2.2 吸附動力實驗 60
4.2.3 整體性動力分析 60
4.2.4 外部質量傳送 63
4.2.5 內部質量傳送 63
4.2.6 質量傳送綜合討論 67
4.3 鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯之等溫吸附行為 68
4.4 磁性吸附劑脫附再生與磁性分離 77
4.4.1 等溫脫附曲線 77
4.4.2 鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯吸脫附之質量平衡 81
4.4.2.1 理論質量平衡式 81
4.4.2.2 實際質量平衡式 84
4.4.3 綜合結果比較 87
4.4.4 M-PVAL之應用與磁性分離 91
第五章 結論與建議 93
5.1 結論 93
5.1.1 合成磁性聚乙烯醇之物理化學特性 93
5.1.2 DMP吸附行為 93
5.1.3 DMP脫附行為 94
5.2 建議 94
參考文獻 96
附錄A：中英名詞及英文縮寫對照 101
附錄B：合成照片 10
