7 research outputs found
Divane de Vargas CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
No full textSubmission: 11-04-2014 Approval: 07-28-2015 ABSTRACT Objective: to describe and understand the conceptions of nursing assistants working in Psychosocial Care Centers for alcohol and drugs (CAPS ad), about the patient with addictions. Method: sixteen nursing assistants and technicians from nine of the CAPS ad in São Paulo were interviewed, and data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: performing the functions in the CAPS ad enabled the change in staff's conception from a stigmatizing and prejudiced view, to the concept of chemical dependence as a disease and those who are chemically dependent as patients with comorbidities and family problems, in need of help and treatment. Conclusion: professional practice in specialized services for alcohol and other drugs enables changes in the staff's conceptions about chemically dependent individuals, highlighting the need to include the subject of alcohol and drugs in the school curriculum. Key words: Nursing, Team; Substance-Related Disorders; Mental Health Services. RESUMO Objetivo: descrever e compreender as concepções dos profi ssionais de nível médio em enfermagem dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial álcool e drogas (CAPS ad), perante o dependente químico. Método: foram entrevistados 16 auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem de 9 CAPS ad do município de São Paulo, e os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o método de comparação constante. Resultados: o desempenho das funções no CAPS ad possibilitou a mudança de concepção dos trabalhadores, de uma visão estigmatizante e preconceituosa, para a concepção da dependência química como doença e dos dependentes químicos como pessoas doentes que possuem comorbidades e problemas familiares, que necessitam de auxílio e tratamento. Conclusão: a prática profi ssional em serviços especializados em álcool e outras drogas favorece a mudança nas concepções dos trabalhadores sobre o dependente químico, destacando-se a necessidade da inclusão do tema álcool e drogas no currículo escolares. Descritores: Equipe de Enfermagem; Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias; Serviços de Saúde Mental. RESUMEN Objetivo: describir y comprender las concepciones de técnicos y auxiliaries de Enfermería de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial alcohol y drogas (CAPS ad), frente al dependiente químico. Método: fueron entrevistados 16 auxiliares y técnicos de enfermería de 9 CAPS ad del municipio de São Paulo, los datos fueron analisados utilizando el método de comparación constante. Resultados: el desempeño de las funciones en el CAPS ad facilitó el cambio de la concepción de los trabajadores, de una vision estigmatizante y prejuiciosa, hacia una comcepción de la dependencia química como una enfermerdad, y de los dependientes químicos como personas enfermas que poseen co-morbilidades y problemas familiars, que necesitan de auxilio y tratamiento. Conclusión: la práctica professional en servicios especializados en alcohol y otras drogas favorece el cambio en las concepciones de los trabajadores sobre el dependiente químico, destacandose la necesidad de la inclusion del tema de alcohol y drogas en los curriculos escolares
The Construction of a Scale of Attitudes towards Alcohol, alcoholism and the Alcoholic: a psychometric study.
No full textDesenvolveu-se uma escala para medir atitudes de enfermeiros frente ao álcool, ao alcoolismo e ao alcoolista (EAFAAA). Trata-se de uma escala do tipo likert que teve como fundamentação teórica os pressupostos de Pasqualli (1999). Para a elaboração dos itens da escala numa etapa inicial, realizou-se entrevista semi-estruturada com 30 enfermeiros, e da análise destas entrevistas foi extraído um total de 225 itens. O total dos itens foi submetido a análise de seis juízes especialistas no assunto. Após a análise somente 165 permaneceram. A escala composta por 165 itens foi submetida a um estudo-piloto com o objetivo de verificar as características estatísticas da mesma, para isso o instrumento foi testado numa população de 144 estudantes de enfermagem do último ano, de duas faculdades privadas. De posse dos instrumentos respondidos pelos 144 sujeitos, criou-se um banco de dados no programa SPSS (Satatistical Package for the Social Sciences v.8 for Windows), através do qual procedeu-se à análise estatística do instrumento. A análise fatorial originou uma escala composta por 96 itens divididos em cinco fatores: Fator 1: O Alcoolista, o trabalhar e o relacionar-se com o mesmo; Fator 2: Etiologia; Fator 3: Doença; Fator 4: Repercussões decorrentes do uso/abuso do álcool e Fator 5: A Bebida alcoólica. A consistência interna foi de 0,9068 (alfa). As correlações item-escore total variaram entre 0,35 e 0,65 com média de 0,50. Os dados de confiabilidade acima citados permitem concluir que se obteve um instrumento adequado para a finalidade e que pode ser útil para o conhecimento das atitudes de enfermeiros frente às questões referentes ao álcool, ao alcoolismo e ao alcoolista. Uma vez confirmada a confiabilidade da EAFAAA, a mesma foi testado numa população de 148 enfermeiros. A análise dos dados revelou que tanto enfermeiros quanto estudantes de enfermagem aceitam o alcoolismo enquanto doença, demonstrando atitudes positivas frente à mesma, porém encontrou-se uma parcela significativa de sujeitos com atitudes moralistas e condenatórias no que se refere a pessoa do alcoolista, concebendo-o inclusive como culpado por seus problemas de saúde. Sugere-se que outros estudos envolvendo a escala construída sejam realizados, no sentido de aprimorar sua qualidade estatística. Aponta-se ainda a necessidade de maior atenção à temática nos currículos de enfermagem, bem como a necessidade de novos métodos para a mudança de atitudes profissionais frente ao álcool, ao alcoolismo e ao alcoolista.A scale of nurses attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and the alcoholic (EAFAAA) was developed. It is a Likert type scale based on Pasquallis (1999) theoretical framework. In order to elaborate the scale items, the author used a semi-structured interview with 30 nurses and these interviews analysis resulted in a total of 225 items. The items were evaluated by six peer reviewers specialized on the subject. After the analysis, 165 items were maintained. The scale with the 165 items was submitted to a pilot study with the purpose to verify some statistical characteristics. Thus, the instrument was tested in a population of 144 nursing students from two private Universities enrolled in the last year of their program. With the 144 instruments responded, the author created a data bank using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.8 for Windows), and began the statistical analysis. The factorial analysis originated a scale with 96 items divided in five factors: Factor 1: The Alcoholic, the work and the relationship between them; Factor 2: Etiology; Factor 3: Disease; Factor 4: Repercussions of alcohol use and abuse and Factor 5: The Alcohol. The internal consistency was of 0.9068 (alpha). The item-score correlations varied from 0.35 and 0.65 with an average of 0.50. Data regarding reliability enabled the conclusion that the instrument is adequate to its aim and can be useful to learn more about nurses attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and the alcoholic. After the reliability confirmation, the scale was tested in a population of 148 nurses. Data analysis showed that nurses and nursing students accept alcoholism as a disease, demonstrating positive attitudes towards it. However, there was a significant number of subjects with moral and condemning attitudes regarding the alcoholic, considering them guilty in respect to their health problems. The author suggests the development of other studies involving the constructed scale with the aim of improving its statistical quality. He also points out the need for greater attention to the theme in the curriculum of the nursing undergraduate programs as well as the need for new methods to change the professional attitudes towards alcohol, the alcoholism and the alcoholic
Mental Health Nursing Interventions in the daily lives of primary health care nurses: identification and feasibility of recommended actions in Brazil
No full textIntrodução: Dados da OMS estimam que cerca de 720 milhões de pessoas são portadoras de transtornos mentais, podendo corresponder por 13% da carga global de doenças, as políticas públicas atuais visam defender os direitos ao tratamento e proteção à essa população. A Atenção Primária é conhecida como base para a assistência, funcionando como porta de entrada para o SUS, o enfermeiro por sua vez como profissional de referência neste serviço, tem um importante papel a ser exercido no atendimento. A legislação vigente dos conselhos de classe, somados às políticas atuais e a literatura norteiam as ações dos enfermeiros na APS, de forma a produzir uma trajetória a ser percorrida. A forma como esse cuidado é realizado pode determinar a continuidade da terapêutica empregada, o que é fundamental para a transição de cuidados para os serviços substitutivos da RAPS. Objetivo: Identificar o reconhecimento das intervenções de Saúde Mental empregadas pelos enfermeiros da APS em seu cotidiano e se estes identificam tais intervenções como de sua responsabilidade. Método: Estudo descritivo exploratório com recorte transversal, realizado em 66 unidades básicas de saúde, totalizando 239 enfermeiros nas 6 Coordenadorias Regionais de Saúde do Município de São Paulo, a coleta de dados foi realizada através de instrumento criado pela autora. Para análise dos dados foi usado o R Development Core Team, versão 4.1.0 onde foram sistematizadas tabelas de distribuição de frequência para apresentação dos achados, sendo aplicada análise estatística simples e descritiva, frequência simples e relativa, medidas de tendência central e dispersão e para a organização da análise. As intervenções foram classificadas em componentes, sendo, componente I de práticas assistenciais generalistas e componente II de práticas específicas de Saúde Mental.Resultados: Os enfermeiros reconhecem como do escopo de suas atividades as ações apresentadas, em sua maioria a viabilidade do exercício das atividades específicas de saúde mental, entretanto, barreiras como falta de conhecimento específico, sobrecarga de trabalho e excesso de atividades na unidade, impactam na realização, ocorrendo encaminhamentos dentro da própria unidade para outros profissionais. Conclusão: O enfermeiro é reconhecido como um importante elo no processo interprofissional, reconhece as atividades como do escopo de suas atribuições e realiza as atividades em seu cotidiano, entretanto, o desconhecimento específico impacta no desenvolvimento de seus atendimentos. É importante buscar a capacitação específica para realizar o encaminhamento adequado a outros níveis de atenção e realizar um cuidado integral e humanizado aos portadores de transtornos mentais.Introduction: WHO data estimates that around 720 million people suffer from mental disorders, which may correspond to about 13% of the total burden of diseases in the world. Current public policies aim to defend the rights of treatment and protection of this population. Primary care is known as the basis for assistance, acting as a gateway to the SUS. The nurse is a reference professional in this service and has an important role to play in providing care. The current legislation of the class councils, plus current policies and literature, guide the actions of nurses in PHC, in order to produce a path to be followed. The way this care is provided can determine the continuity of the therapy used, which is fundamental for the care transitions to the RAPS services substitute. Objective: To identify the recognition of Mental Health interventions used by PHC nurses in their daily lives and whether they identify such interventions as their responsibility. Method: Exploratory descriptive study with cross-sectional cut, carried out in 66 basic health units, totalizing 239 nurses in the 6 Regional Health Coordination Units of São Paulo City. The data collection was carried out using an instrument created by the author. For data analysis, R Development Core Team, version 4.1.0 was used, in which frequency distribution tables were systematized to present the findings, being applied simple and descriptive statistical analysis, simple and relative frequency, measures of central tendency and dispersion. To the organization of the analysis, the interventions were classified into components, being component I: generalist care practices and component II: specific Mental Health practices. Results: Nurses recognize the actions presented as the scope of their activities. For the most part, the feasibility of carrying out specific mental health activities. Nevertheless, barriers such as lack of specific knowledge, work overload and excessive activities in the unit impact the delivery of care, resulting in referrals within the unit itself to other professionals. Conclusion: Nurses are recognized as an important link in the interprofessional process, they recognize activities as falling within the scope of their duties and carry out activities in their daily lives, however, specific lack of knowledge impacts the development of their care. It is important to seek specific training to implement appropriate referral to other levels of care and provide comprehensive and humanized care for people with mental disorders
Enhanced performance of CO poisoned proton exchange membrane fuel cells via triode operation
No full textThe role of Nafion content in sputtered IrO2 based anodes for low temperature PEM water electrolysis
No full text"Tão perto e tão longe": o cotidiano de aposentados nos espaços urbanos da cidade de Florianópolis
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Florianópolis, 2015.A vivência da aposentadoria pode ser acompanhada de transformações identitárias e no cotidiano dos sujeitos, entre elas, mudanças no habitar. Tendo como aporte teórico o pensamento marxista de Henri Lefèbvre, o objetivo desta Tese foi compreender as relações estabelecidas por pessoas aposentadas, em seus cotidianos, nos espaços urbanos da cidade de Florianópolis. Empregando o método regressivo-progressivo, proposto pelo referido autor, este estudo foi elaborado em três momentos: a descrição do visível, a análise regressiva-progressiva e a progressão histórico-genética. No primeiro momento, por meio de análise documental e observação de campo, descreveu-se a história, o contexto atual e aspectos do cotidiano de seus moradores e de pessoas aposentadas, favorecendo, assim, uma aproximação com o objeto de estudo. Compreendeu-se que os espaços urbanos de Florianópolis passaram por significativas transformações, especialmente nas últimas três décadas, em que houve um expressivo crescimento populacional e a modernização da cidade, alterando-se os modos de vida e o cotidiano de seus moradores. Percebeu-se que as pessoas aposentadas, muitas vezes, compõem o cenário urbano em lugares demarcados e, ao mesmo tempo, podem viver descontinuidades em sua relação com o habitar. No momento regressivo-progressivo, por meio de entrevistas e elaboração de registros fotográficos em incursões à cidade, analisaram-se as trajetórias de vida de dez participantes aposentados(as), identificando-se, entre outros aspectos, que o trabalho constituía-se como central no estabelecimento das relações cotidianas nos espaços urbanos e, após a aposentadoria, sentem, em muitos momentos, a ausência de lugares e/ou a dificuldade de participação na cidade. Verificou-se, ainda, que, ao se aposentarem, vivenciaram mudanças em suas relações nos espaços urbanos e no modo de habitar, modificando-se, ao mesmo tempo, sua própria identidade. Por fim, na progressão histórico-genética, compreendeu-se e discutiu-se que as relações estabelecidas por pessoas aposentadas nos espaços urbanos da cidade de Florianópolis, em seus cotidianos, podem: estar desagregadas no rompimento com as relações de trabalho; ser vividas no passado, mesmo quando percebem novas realidades nos espaços em seu presente; ser experienciadas com impossibilidades de viver o futuro na cidade; representar o próprio consumo no e do cotidiano; e, ainda, ser (re)construídas por meio de um habitar emancipador.Abstract : Experiencing retirement may be followed by changes in subjects identity and everyday life, among them the changes in relations in the space they live in. Having the Marxist thought of Henri Lefèbvre as theoretical contribution, this thesis aimed to understand the relations stablished by retirees, in their everyday life, in the urban spaces in Florianópolis city. By using the regressive-progressive method, proposed by the above related author, this review was made in three moments: the description of visible, the regressive-progressive analysis and the historical-genetic progression. At first, by means of the documentary analysis and the field observation, the history, the current context and the aspects of everyday life have been described, favoring, therefore, the approximation with the object of study. It has been understood that the urban spaces in Florianópolis have gone through significant changes, especially in the three last decades, in which there has been expressive population growth and the modernization of the city, changing therefore the lifestyle and everyday life of its dwellers. It has been realized that retirees often take part in the urban scenario in delimited sites and at the same time they may live discontinuity in their relation with dwelling. In regressive-progressive analysis, by means of interviews and elaboration of photographic record in city incursions, the life track of ten participants have been analyzed, and among other aspects, it has been identified that work was the central aspect in stablishing relations with the urban spaces and after retirement, they miss places and feel the lack of participation in the city. It has also been verified that after they retire, they have experienced changes in their relations with the urban spaces and the way of dwelling, changing their own identity at the same time. Finally, in the historic-genetic progression, it has been understood and discussed that the relations with the urban spaces in Florianópolis city, stablished by these retirees, may: be dissociated as work relations are broken; be experienced in the past, even when they realize new realities in spaces in the present; be experienced with impossibilities to live the future in the city; represent the consumption itself in the of everyday life; and also be (re)constructed through an emancipating dwelling
Ironic remarks in Divan of Naser Khosrow and works of schlegel brothers
No full text1.Introduction Iran and Germany are two countries with fruitful history and traditions in literature and philosophy, but there are not enough works in the field of comparative study between the works of their thinkers and poets. In this study, some works of Naser Khosrow (394-481 A.H) and the Schlegel brothers Friedrich Schlegel (1772-1829 A.D) and A.W Schlegel (1767-1845 A.D) as some representatives of these two countries are studied in an especial field: Irony. This research intends to show how they use this figure of speech in their works and also compare their uses. Irony is a satirical figure of speech which Naser Khosrow and The Schlegel brothers liked and used. There is a variety of definitions for irony. This figure of speech shows the paradoxical aspects of the things: Paradoxes between the world of matter and the world of mind, between the world of word and the world of act or etc. A thinker may build an ideal world in his mind therefore he would see some defects in the real world, so he can use the ironic expression to show those defects. The comparative study of the works of Naser Khosrow and The Schlegel brothers shows why and how they use irony, and how their worldviews affect their use of irony. 2.Methodology This research is descriptive, analytic and comparative and the data were collected thorough a library study by taking notes. First, various definitions of irony were collected thorough the creditable sources. Second, the ironic remarks of Naser Khosrow and the Schlegel brothers were extracted from these books: Fragmets of Friedrich Schlegel, A course of lectures on dramatic art and literature of A.w Schlegel, Divane Ash'ar and Vaj'he deen of Naser khosrow. Third the extracted data were classified and analyzed based on the laws of comparative study of literature. 3.Discussion What is Irony? Irony which is a humorous and indirect expression is used by an author attempting to show up two or more aspects of an object or a thought. Friedrich Schlegel said our world is paradoxical and only irony can show its paradox. This figure of speech should introduce a mixture of pain and laugh. In fact an ironist hides his or her grief behind a happy word and when the readers or audiences recognize that the author's goal was opposite of what he or she said, experiences a disdainful defeat. By using irony we say something and mean something else which is opposite of it. It seems that Naser Khosrow is a serious and starchy poet, often disdaining his opposites who love the material world. But there is also a kind of paradox in his poem. He beautifully describes the beauties of the nature and suddenly says that is not important to love the nature, and everybody who loves these things is a donkey! But why? Because according to his belief, paying attention to the material world can get the man away from the spiritual world. Human is human but lives as a donkey because he sees the World like an animal, and it is an ironic situation! Naser Khosrow criticizes the manner of some clergymen. He says they are men of religion but sometimes, some of them give the orders against the religion. One can get some orders from one clergyman and some from another one and up to these, there is no especial religious order, and this is an irony. He as a follower of religion of Esma'eeli, says that we should interpret the orders of our religion because they have meanings which we must know. And we must also know the soul of them. He believes that there is a distance and then a difference between the word and the meaning, such a paradox can be a basis to see the World ironic. Romanticism was born in eighteenth century and the romanticists said that Determinism could not explain and interpret the World. Romanticism was against the Determinism because it saw the World as a mechanical system based on mathematical laws. The romanticist said that the World has a soul and they wanted to know and express it by art, wit and irony. Friedrich Schlegel as a member of new movement used irony so much. A.W Schlegel sees the irony as a balance between the reality and the fantasy in Drama. The philosophical irony is a common point of view in the poems of Naser Khosrow and the fragments of Friedrich Schlegel, because they use irony to a confession: disability of the understanding the truth! This introduces a painful laugh, so they don't use this figure of speech to say banal things. Friedrich Schlegel once said Philosophy is the real place of irony. Our world is paradoxical but how can we go out of this paradoxical situation? Friedrich Schlegel says that irony shows the essential paradoxes in the nature of the World. We cannot explain the truth but we must do this! We should simultaneously be aware of the impossibility and the necessity of the expressing the truth: the World has an unlimited anarchy and the way which we should go to get out of this situation is the awareness. But the way of Naser Khosrow is different. He believes in his religion and says only animals don't believe in the religion. He wants to stay away from the essential anarchy of the nature of the World by accepting the unlimited power of God which is represented in religion. Poetry is an appropriate atmosphere for irony, because it is not necessary for poet to be rational. Poem is based on imagination and fantasy, and it means that poetry does not need the laws like mathematics, so paradoxes can be putting in the same place. Poet can mix wit, thought and feeling. Naser Khosrow could do this mixture well. He brought in a poem the philosophical ideas with the literary beauties. Through this, he could use feeling and thought without leaving any of them. Thus he could introduce his ironies in the poetic texture. Friedrich Schlegel admitted that the irony can be the base of a new aesthetic by which we can mix the philosophy and the poem. Nevertheless he used the Fragment, because he wanted to use the facilities of both of them: poem and prose. Socratic irony is a kind of irony based on the question. In Fragments we see many Socratic ironies because the Schlegel brothers like the style of Socrates in philosophical irony. Naser Khosrow also used this method to represent the paradoxes in the thought of his opponents. A point that we must emphasize it, is that these thinkers had an ideal world in their minds and compared the things of the real world with it, so they saw some paradoxes, and chose ironic expression to show the paradoxes which they saw. 4.Conclusion Man wants to know the secrets of the existence but he cannot do it, because of the limitation of the human's mind: so a point of view based on the doubt and protestation is introduced. This is the basis of irony, when this point of view is mixed with a satirical expression, irony is born. Irony can be used to show the paradoxes between the word and the practice or between what really exists and what is acclaimed exist. This figure of speech can be also used as an arm against the opponents, as Naser Khosrow and The Schlegel brothers do so. They show the paradoxical aspects of the thinks of their opponents and say that the think of their opponents is paradoxical and so is satirical and ironic. In this ground the ideas of Naser Khosrow and the Schlegel brothers about irony are similar but there is an important difference between them. Naser Khosrow is a follower of Esma'eeli religion and the Schlegel brothers are two founders of the Romanticism. The think of Naser Khosrow is in the circle of religion so his worldview is religious therefore his ironies are in this field. The Schlegel brothers are romanticists and see the World through the window of art, criticism and philosophy so their ironies are in the field of art, criticism and Philosophy. Keywords :Divan of Naser Khosrow, Schlegel brothers, Comparative research, Irony, satirical
