205 research outputs found
Series 14, 30 - Rough notes of journey across the Bight (including some Wanji-Wanji songs)
No full textThe Barr Smith Library recognises the moral rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the owners of their knowledge. To this end, Special Collections is digitising the Daisy Bates Papers in our collections to enhance access for people who cannot travel to Adelaide. Please be aware that this site may contain sensitive information, including the names and images of people who have passed away and which may sadden and distress some Aboriginal people. This site may also contain language and terms used by an author that reflect an inappropriate attitude due to the historical context in which these records were created.Rough notes from little notebook of journey across the Bight (some wanji wanji songs here).
Some vocabulary, a travel journal, bird names, people’s names from Eucla, Ninety Mile, Yalata, South Australia, Australian Aborigines, songs
Validation of the rapid assessment procedure for loiasis (RAPLOA) in the democratic republic of CongoS
No full textBackground: A simple method called RAPLOA, to rapidly assess what proportion of people in a community are infected with L. loa and hence which communities are at high risk of severe adverse reactions following ivermectin treatment, was developed in Cameroon and Nigeria. The method needed further validation in other geographical and cultural contexts before its application in all endemic countries. The present study was designed to validate RAPLOA in two regions in the North East and South West of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: In each study region, villages were selected from different bio-ecological zones in order to cover a wide range of loiasis endemicity. In each selected community, 80 people above the age of 15 years were interviewed for a history of eye worm (migration of adult L. loa under the conjunctiva of the eye) and parasitologically examined for the presence and intensity of L. loa infection. In total, 8100 individuals from 99 villages were enrolled into the study. Results: The results confirmed the findings of the original RAPLOA study: i) the eye worm phenomenon was well-known in all endemic areas, ii) there was a clear relationship between the prevalence of eye worm history and the prevalence and intensity of L. loa microfilaraemia, and iii) using a threshold of 40%, the prevalence of eye worm history was a sensitive and specific indicator of high-risk communities. Conclusion: Following this successful validation, RAPLOA was recommended for the assessment of loiasis endemicity in areas targeted for ivermectin treatment by lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis control programmes
Obligatory symbiotic endobacteria are absent from
No full textBackground : Many filarial nematodes harbour Wolbachia endobacteria. These endobacteria are transmitted vertically from one generation to the next. In several filarial species that have been studied to date they are obligatory symbionts of their hosts. Elimination of the endobacteria by antibiotics interrupts the embryogenesis and hence the production of microfilariae. The medical implication of this being that the use of doxycycline for the treatment of human onchocerciasis and bancroftian filariasis leads to elimination of the Wolbachia and hence sterilisation of the female worms. Wolbachia play a role in the immunopathology of patients and may contribute to side effects seen after antifilarial chemotherapy. In several studies Wolbachia were not observed in Loa loa. Since these results have been doubted, and because of the medical significance, several independent methods were applied to search for Wolbachia in L. loa. Methods: Loa loa and Onchocerca volvulus were studied by electron microscopy, histology with silver staining, and immunohistology using antibodies against WSP, Wolbachia aspartate aminotransferase, and heat shock protein 60. The results achieved with L. loa and O. volvulus were compared. Searching for Wolbachia, genes were amplified by PCR coding for the bacterial 16S rDNA, the FTSZ cell division protein, and WSP. Results: No Wolbachia endobacteria were discovered by immunohistology in 13 male and 14 female L. loa worms and in numerous L. loa microfilariae. In contrast, endobacteria were found in large numbers in O. volvulus and 14 other filaria species. No intracellular bacteria were seen in electron micrographs of oocytes and young morulae of L. loa in contrast to O. volvulus. In agreement with these results, Wolbachia DNA was not detected by PCR in three male and six female L. loa worms and in two microfilariae samples of L. loa. Conclusions: Loa loa do not harbour obligatory symbiotic Wolbachia endobacteria in essential numbers to enable their efficient vertical transmission or to play a role in production of microfilariae. Exclusively, the filariae cause the immunopathology of loiasis is patients and the adverse side effects after antifilarial chemotherapy. Doxycycline cannot be used to cure loiais but it probably does not represent a risk for L. loa patients when administered to patients with coinfections of onchocerciasis
Fracture mechanism of electrically-assisted micro-tension in nanostructured titanium using synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography
No full textA coarse-grained (CG) Ti with an average grain size of ~50 μm was processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) under a pressure of 6.0 GPa through 10 turns at room temperature (RT) to produce nanostructured titanium (Nano-Ti) with an average grain size of ~95 nm. Electrically-assisted (EA) micro-tensions of CG-Ti and Nano-Ti were performed using pulsed unidirectional current with a current density of 750A/mm2, pulse width of 10-4 s. The stress drop is higher for Nano-Ti compared with CG-Ti. The results of fractograph observations show many cleavage steps in Nano-Ti while the CG-Ti is dominated by dimples. The spatial distribution of voids in tensile specimens was revealed after testing using synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography. The results demonstrate that applying a pulse current can effectively reduce the number and volume of voids before fracture. A model is presented describing the fracture mechanism of CG-Ti and Nano-Ti during EA micro-tension
Jeûner pour une offrande corporelle dans le Deungsinbul (Mi-Bouddha, mi-homme) de Kim Dong-ri
No full textDans la nouvelle Deungsinbul (Mi-Bouddha, mi-homme) que Kim Dong-ri (1913-1995) a publiée en 1961, le moine Wanji (Man-jeok en transcription coréenne) décide d’offrir son propre corps au Bouddha afin de se libérer de son angoisse et de ses faiblesses. Pour ce faire, il recourt à une méthode traditionnelle appelée l’offrande du corps brûlé, pratique avérée dans le Sūtra du Lotus, au chapitre intitulé « Récit du Roi des plantes médicinales (Bhaişajyarāja) », le Gaozeng zhuan (Biographies des moines éminents) et d’autres biographies de grands moines chinois jusqu’au Xe siècle. Kim Dong-ri met en scène dans cette nouvelle tout le processus de cette offrande corporelle strictement ritualisée : une ascèse commençant par une restriction alimentaire avant un jeûne total pour purifier le corps, lequel sera consumé à l’étape finale. Comment Kim Dong-ri envisage-t-il les relations entre le corps et la nourriture dans un contexte lié aux rites religieux à travers le cas du moine Wanji ? Quel est la symbolique du feu dans l’esthétique romanesque de l’auteur, qui s’intéresse d’ordinaire à l’univers aquatique pour les scènes de mort ? Ces questions peuvent être examinées en analysant les rapports que l’écrivain établit entre la nourriture et la quête de la sagesse. In his novel entitled Deungsinbul (Half-Buddha, half-man), that Kim Dong-ri (1913-1995) published in 1961, the monk Wanji (Man-jeok in the Korean transcript) decides to offer his own body to the Buddha in order to free himself from anguish and weakness. With this aim in mind, he uses a traditional method called the offering of burnt bodies, practice proven in the Lotus Sutra, in the chapter “Story of the King of medicinal plants (Bhaişajyarāja)”, the Gaozeng zhuan (Biographies of eminent monks) and other biographies of great Chinese monks until the tenth century. Kim Dong-ri stages in this novel the whole process of the body offering, which is strictly ritualized : asceticism starting with dietary restriction before a total fasting in order to purify the body, which will be consumed in the final stage. How does Kim Dong-ri consider the relationship between the body and food in a context linked to religious rituals through the case of monk Wanji? What is the symbolism of fire in the romantic aesthetics of the author who usually focuses on the underwater world for the death scenes? These questions can be studied by analysing the relationships that the writer implements between food and the pursuit of wisdom
The geographic distribution of loa loa in Africa : results of large-scale implementation of the Rapid Assessment Procedure for Loiasis (RAPLOA)
No full textBackground: Loiasis is a major obstacle to ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis control and lymphatic filariasis elimination in central Africa. In communities with a high level of loiasis endemicity, there is a significant risk of severe adverse reactions to ivermectin treatment. Information on the geographic distribution of loiasis in Africa is urgently needed but available information is limited. The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) undertook large scale mapping of loiasis in 11 potentially endemic countries using a rapid assessment procedure for loiasis (RAPLOA) that uses a simple questionnaire on the history of eye worm. Methodology/Principal Findings: RAPLOA surveys were done in a spatial sample of 4798 villages covering an area of 250063000 km centred on the heartland of loiasis in Africa. The surveys showed high risk levels of loiasis in 10 countries where an estimated 14.4 million people live in high risk areas. There was a strong spatial correlation among RAPLOA data, and kriging was used to produce spatially smoothed contour maps of the interpolated prevalence of eye worm and the predictive probability that the prevalence exceeds 40%. Conclusion/Significance: The contour map of eye worm prevalence provides the first global map of loiasis based on actual survey data. It shows a clear distribution with two zones of hyper endemicity, large areas that are free of loiasis and several borderline or intermediate zones. The surveys detected several previously unknown hyperendemic foci, clarified the distribution of loiasis in the Central African Republic and large parts of the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo for which hardly any information was available, and confirmed known loiasis foci. The new maps of the prevalence of eye worm and the probability that the prevalence exceeds the risk threshold of 40% provide critical information for ivermectin treatment programs among millions of people in Africa
Refined 9-Dof triangular Mindlin plate elements
No full textBased on the Mindlin/Reissner plate theory, two refined triangular thin/thick plate elements, the conforming displacement element DKTM with one point quadrature for the part of shear strain and the element RDKTM with the re-constitution of the shear strain, are proposed. In the formulations the exact displacement function of the Timoshenko's beam is used to derive the element displacements of the refined elements. Numerical examples are presented to show that the present models indeed possess properties of high accuracy for thin and thick plates, is capable of passing the patch test required for Kirchoff thin plate elements, and does not exhibits extra zero energy modes. The element RDKTM is free of locking for very thin plate analysis and its convergence can be ensured theoretically. However, the element DKTM is not free of shear locking when the thickness/span ratios less than 10-2. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
The nonconforming element method and refined hybrid element method for axisymmetric solid
No full textThe general approach for constituting non-conforming displacement function has been developed for axisymmetric finite element analysis and a pure non-conforming quadrilateral axisymmetric element, from a non-conforming displacement function and without any reduced integration technique, is given. Based on a proposed functional for formulating axisymmetric element and the orthogonal approach, a quadrilateral axisymmetric refined hybrid element has been presented which can be used to achieve superior performances such as higher accuracy and free from locking.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Refined non-conforming quadrilateral thin plate bending element
No full textA refined non-conforming quadrilateral thin plate bending element RPQ4 which can satisfy the requirement of convergence is established such that the non-conforming displacement function can be derived directly. A simple explicit expression of a refined constant strain matrix can be introduced into the formulation of the standard displacement element which results in the constraint condition of interelement continuity being satisfied in an average sense. Numerical examples are presented to show that the present model can pass the patch test and possesses high accuracy. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Finite element formulations of strain gradient theory for microstructures and the C0-1 patch test
No full textBased on finite element formulations for the strain gradient theory of microstructures, a convergence criterion for the C0-1 patch test is introduced, and a new approach to devise strain gradient finite elements that can pass the C0-1 patch test is proposed. The displacement functions of several plane triangular elements, which satisfy the C0 continuity and weak C1 continuity conditions are evaluated by the C0-1 patch test. The difference between the proposed C0-1 patch test and the C0 constant stress and C1 constant curvature patch tests is elucidated. An 18-DOF plane strain gradient triangular element (RCT9+RT9), which passes the C0-1 patch test and has no spurious zero energy modes, is proposed. Numerical examples are employed to examine the performance of the proposed element by carrying out the C0-1 patch test and eigenvalue test. The proposed element is found to be without spurious zero energy modes, and it possesses higher accuracy compared with other strain gradient elements. © 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
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