2,973 research outputs found
La misurazione del capitale intellettuale nel settore universitario.
No full textNell’economia attuale, la competitività delle imprese e, più in generale, di qualunque sistema organizzativo, non si fonda solo sui tradizionali beni tangibili e sui capitali finanziari, ma in via preponderante sulle risorse cognitive ed intangibili, in grado di garantire differenziali competitivi sostenibili e duraturi (Cañibano et al., 2000; Lev 2001; Donna, 1999; Zambon, 2003; Fabbrini e Ricciardi, 2007). Di conseguenza, la misurazione e gestione del capitale intellettuale (CI) è divenuta sempre più critica (Veltri, 2007; Comuzzi et al., 2009) . Sebbene il concetto di CI sia stato originariamente sviluppato come framework per analizzare il contributo delle risorse intellettuali nelle imprese, tale approccio ha dimostrato di avere validità generale in termini di applicabilità a diversi contesti organizzativi ed industriali, tra cui il settore pubblico e non profit (Agor, 1997; Mouritsen et al., 2004; Serrano Cinca et al., 2003; Carlin et al., 2005; Bueno Campos et al., 2006; Kong e Prior, 2008). Esiste un crescente interesse nell’applicare l’approccio basato sul CI per gestire le università, in quanto organizzazioni che investono soprattutto in ricerca e risorse umane, ed i cui principali obiettivi sono la produzione e diffusione della conoscenza (Leitner and Warden, 2004; Sanchez et al., 2009). In aggiunta, le università sono sempre più considerate attori chiave nel più ampio movimento verso un’economia sempre più globale e basata sulla conoscenza. Tale circostanza ha spinto alcuni organismi sopranazionali a promuovere la diffusione della gestione del CI nelle università. A livello europeo, nel 2002 la European Association of Research, Managers and Administrators (EARMA) in collaborazione con l’European Centre for Strategic Management of Universities (ESMU) ha lanciato l’iniziativa relativa alla gestione del CI nelle università e nei centri di tecnologia e ricerca (Leitner, 2005); nel 2006 il gruppo di esperti selezionati da gruppi di ricerca, aziende ed autorità pubblica dal Direttorato Generale della Commissione Europea al fine di promuovere la rendicontazione del CI nelle piccole e medie imprese tecnologiche, ha prodotto un report (Ricardis report, 2006) nel quale incoraggia le università, attori centrali nella attuale società della conoscenza, a prendere parte attiva al processo di sviluppo di una cultura di rendicontazione del CI. D’altro canto, le spinte ad una introduzione della gestione delle risorse intangibili arrivano anche “dal basso”: la crescente domanda degli stakeholder per una maggiore trasparenza degli atenei nell’utilizzo dei fondi, la crescente competizione tra le università e il riconoscimento a livello centrale di una loro maggiore autonomia, che si sono registrate negli ultimi anni a livello europeo, sono tutti fattori che spingono le università verso l’adozione di nuovi sistemi di gestione e rendicontazione, che dovranno necessariamente incorporare gli intangibili (Sanchez et al., 2009). Nella letteratura del CI, in linea generale due sono i principali filoni di ricerca emersi nelle scorse decadi, uno più orientato alla misurazione, l’altro più orientato alla gestione (Roos et al., 1999). L’approccio orientato alla misurazione si propone di valutare il CI sotto un profilo quantitativo. L’approccio gestionale si basa su modelli preferibilmente qualitativi di misurazione del CI e si focalizza sull’utilità dello stesso nei processi di decision making. L’articolo in oggetto si colloca nell’approccio misurazionale, che tuttavia integra con quello gestionale per la natura qualitativa degli indicatori utilizzati nel modello. Applicando un approccio fuzzy logic, l’articolo si propone di presentare una modalità differente per determinare un indice complessivo del CI. La logica fuzzy viene utilizzata come sistema logico sottostante il sistema esperto fuzzy (FES) elaborato ad hoc per la misurazione del CI delle università . Tale sistema, consente di tenere in considerazione la natura qualitativa della maggior parte degli indicatori del CI e le differenti categorie nelle quali lo stesso può essere articolato (capitale umano, relazionale e strutturale). Il modello FES elaborato per questo studio è stato applicato ai dati relativi alle università pubbliche austriache, le prime istituzioni pubbliche a livello mondiale ad essere state obbligate dalla legge (UG 2002) a pubblicare i report del CI, poiché era necessario testare il modello avendo a disposizione una massa critica di indicatori standardizzati. Lo studio contribuisce a stimolare il dibattito nell’ambito della comunità scientifica sull’utilizzo di misure alternative di misurazione del valore del CI di un’organizzazione. I risultati della ricerca offrono un contributo sia nell’ambito dell’approccio misurazionale, in quanto evidenziano come la performance in termini di CI di un’organizzazione possa essere misurata da valori tangibili, ossia quantitativamente, che nell’ambito dell’approccio gestionale, in quanto l’indice del CI è ottenuto applicando un FES in grado di tenere in considerazione le sinergie tra le diverse categorie di CI e la natura qualitativa degli indicatori intangibili
QoS Control by means of COPS to Support SIP based Applications
No full textThe COPS protocol has been designed to enable communication on the interface between the policy decision administrator and the policy enforcement devices in a policy-based networking environment, It can be recognized that on the some interface there is the need to transfer information related to the request of resource by QoS clients and for the allocation of resources by resource allocation servers (e.g., bandwidth broker) in a DiffServ network. Hence, it is sensible to add this resource allocation functionality in the COPS framework. In particular, there are at least two cases where it is sensible to use COPS. The first case is on the interface between an edge node and a resource control node for handling resource allocation in a network provider domain. The second case is on the interface between a customer (client of a QoS enabled network) and the network provider: here COPS can be used as a protocol to signal dynamic admission control requests. In this article we present the definition of a new COPS client type to support the above-mentioned functionality, then describe an application scenario where SIP-based IP telephony applications can use Diffserv-based QoS networks. Simple backward-compatible enhancements to SIP are needed to interact with COPS/Diffserv QoS. A testbed implementation of the proposed solutions is finally described
A Multicast-based Bootstrap Mechanism for Self-organizing P2P Networks
No full textThe peer-to-peer (P2P) network paradigm has been introduced in order to overcome some shortcomings of the client-server architecture by providing such features as decentralization, self-organization, scalability, and fault-tolerance. Bootstrapping is the initial process through which new nodes can join an existing P2P overlay network. Typically, a joining peer must first contact a bootstrap peer, which is a peer already enrolled in the overlay. The bootstrap peer is responsible for admitting the new peer by passing information about other peers so that the new peer can actively participate in the overlay. Finding a suitable bootstrap peer is therefore a critical issue. Although different P2P systems have been defined and deployed, the problem of bootstrapping has usually been solved by introducing such mechanisms as the use of a pre-configured list of nodes, caching, or server-based discovery. Unfortunately, although they work in P2P applications running over the Internet, they show some problems when applied to very dynamic and self-organizing intranet or enterprise network scenarios. In fact, in these cases all nodes may join and leave the network very dynamically, without the possibility of guaranteeing any sort of permanent centralized service as current bootstrap solutions may require. In this paper, we propose a multicast-based bootstrapping mechanism for dynamic and self-organized P2P networks that allows a joining peer to discover a proper bootstrap peer in a real distributed manner. The proposed mechanism uses an unsolicited approach and performs well in terms of scalability, load-balancing, and a mean frequency of information exchange. The paper defines the algorithm and proposes an implementation of a suitable communication protocol
Intellectual capital reporting: A knowledge tool to coordinate a group of regional non-profit organisations
No full textWhilst many organisations worldwide have stopped disclosing intellectual capital (IC), to the best of our knowledge, the only longstanding NPO still measuring, managing and reporting its IC is a large Italian non-profit organisation (NPO), ANPAS Piemonte. The main aim of the article is thus to investigate the reasons why ANPAS Piemonte continues to deal with IC, to examine the determinants of this choice, the costs and the benefits management gets from IC measurement, management and reporting. In other words, the paper aims to explore the IC reporting process from an internal, managerial point of view. The paper employs a case study methodology to address its aim and the main investigation tool on the IC reporting process was semi-structured interviews to the management of ANPAS Piemonte that launched and continues to carry on the IC project within the investigated NPO
Wireless LAN-3G Integration: Unified Mechanisms for Secure Authentication based on SIP
No full textIn WLANs, secure access can be provided operating at link layer, at network layer (IP) or at application level, and several solutions have been implemented in current public/private access networks; however most of them are proprietary and the interworking between different operators is still an open issue. At the same time, the 3GPP is working in integrating the WLAN access with the rest of 3GPP/UMTS network infrastructure. In this paper we propose a generic layer-two-independent open solution for secure authentication in a heterogeneous wireless access scenario based on 3G SIM credentials and on the SIP protocol. The solution follows the 3G specification for the authentication in the IMS, with the only addition of a new parameter in a specific header of the SIP protocol. Therefore the security infrastructure of the 3G networks can be fully reused also in scenarios in which the visited network does not provide 3G services. The proposed solution has been implemented in a testbed in which UMTS, 802.11, and Bluetooth has been used as access technologies
SIP-based mobility management in next generation networks
No full textThe ITU-T definition of next generation networks includes the ability to make use of multiple broadband transport technologies and to support generalized mobility. Next generation networks must integrate several IP-based access technologies in a seamless way. In this article, we first describe the requirements of a mobility management scheme for multimedia real-time communication services; then, we report a survey of the mobility management schemes proposed in the recent literature to perform vertical handovers between heterogeneous networks. Based on this analysis, we propose an application-layer solution for mobility management that is based on the SIP protocol and satisfies the most important requirements for a proper implementation of vertical handovers. We also implemented our proposed solution, testing it in the field, and proving its overall feasibility and its interoperability with different terminals and SIP servers
Let’s collaborate, but I will be the first author! Exploring the importance of the first authorship for IS researchers
No full textCollaboration among researchers is typically seen as the quintessence of academic excellence, leading to improvements in the research quality, capitalization on the diversity of perspectives and gains in productivity. Despite these benefits, many research teams find themselves torn by competition,
antagonism and resentment. Desire to be the first author and resultant underperformance of non-first co-authors is often at the root of these conflicts. At the same time little is known about what motivates
researchers in general and IS researchers in particular to engage as first authors. To fill this gap, this study uses survey methodology to explore the attitudes of IS researchers and their resulting behavior when it comes to authors order. Qualitative and quantitative evidence collected from 398 IS
researchers is used to support our analysis. We find that researchers’ desire to be the first authors is mainly driven by such determinants as career aspirations, visibility, leadership and sense of ownership, and less so by the desire to satisfy their self-esteem and self-actualization needs. In
addition, the value placed on being the first author appears to be the function of researchers’ career level, with Ph.D. students attaching significantly higher value to it than senior scholars
Intellectual capital reporting in the Italian non-profit sector: analysing a case study
No full textThe article focuses on the analysis of external ICR practices in the non-profit sector, exploring why and how a NPO reports its IC.In detail, the paper focuses on the ICRs of an Italian non-profit organization (NPO), theANPAS Piemonte, a branch of ANPAS (Associazione Nazionale Pubbliche Assistenze), the largest volunteer federation of associations providing public interest services in Italy.In studying ANPAS Piemonte ICR practices, the authors briefly describe the changes which have taken place in the public and NP sector environments, as these provide the macro contextual factors within which ANPAS Piemonte formulates its ICR strategy. The authors selected ANPAS Piemonte as it is, to the best of their knowledge, one of the few NPOs with a longstanding experience in issuing IC reports.The main contribution of the article lies in having examined the ICRs of an NPO over time, adding empirical knowledge to the literature in the third sector so far dominated by how-to-do approaches and normative concepts
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