530 research outputs found
Cʼè o ci fa? Duemilacinquecento anni tra finzione, esaltazione e (auto)distruzione
No full textBreve trattazione saggistica del tema "teatro e follia" nella tradizione drammatica e scenica tedescaA brief survey on "theatre and madness" in German drama and performance histor
A new Low Gain Avalanche Diode concept: the double-LGAD
No full textThis paper describes the new concept of the double LGAD (low-gain avalanche diodes). The goal was to increase the charge at the input of the electronics, keeping a time resolution equal to or better than a standard (single) LGAD; this has been realized by adding the charges of two coupled LGADs while still using a single front-end electronics. The study here reported has been done starting from single LGAD with a thickness of 25 µm, 35 µm and 50 µm.This paper describes the new concept of the double-LGAD. The goal is to increase the charge at the input of the electronics, keeping a time resolution equal or better than a standard (single) LGAD; this has been realized by adding the charges of two coupled LGADs while still using a single front-end electronics. The study here reported has been done starting from single LGAD with a thickness of 25 µm, 35 µm and 50 µm
Study of innovative LGAD silicon detectors for the ALICE 3 experiment in LHC Run 5 and 6
No full textThe ALICE Collaboration has submitted a proposal for a new exper- imental apparatus - ALICE 3 - built with state-of-the-art silicon technologies, to be installed at the Interaction Point 2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during Long Shutdown 4, in preparation for Run 5 (2035). In particular, for the Time-of-Flight (TOF) system, which plays a fundamental role in particle identification, a time resolution of 20 ps is required. Several silicon technologies are under investigation for this purpose, and among them, Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) have garnered particular interest. The increasingly stringent demands for time resolution by future experiments have spurred an intense R&D campaign aimed at further im- proving their already excellent performance in terms of timing. Current studies have demonstrated the potential of a thinner LGAD design capable of achieving values very close to the requirements of ALICE 3. In this paper, the results obtained with the first prototypes of very thin FBK LGADs (25 and 35 μm) will be reported. Moreover, the innovative concept of the double-LGAD will be presented and beam test results on three different thicknesses, 25, 35 and 50 μm, will be shown. The results on double-LGAD demonstrated the expected enhancement of input charge for electronics while maintaining a time resolution comparable to or even better than a standard LGAD
Social development and rural electrification programs not met
No full textO trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar e oferecer uma nova política de eletrificação rural para o Estado de São Paulo, tendo por base o seguinte questionamento: cabe ao Estado de São Paulo manter política própria de eletrificação rural após a lei da universalização, nº 10.438/2002, do programa Luz para Todos e, ainda, do conjunto de Resoluções da ANEEL sobre o assunto? A abordagem do assunto tem por base a experiência do autor sobre o tema eletrificação rural, em especial com os programas desenvolvidos no Estado a partir de 1996, sob gestão ou coordenação da CERESP, órgão da Secretaria de Saneamento e Energia (SSE). A regulação da época previa que o interessado deveria pagar pelo custo de conexão à rede elétrica das concessionárias, assim, os programas desenvolvidos até então, tratavam de complexos sistemas de financiamento dessas conexões. As inovações desses programas contribuíram para a implantação da lei da universalização 10.438/2002 e do programa Luz para Todos. O programa Luz para Todos trata a universalização de modo diferente daquele determinado pela Resolução 456/2000, em que os benefícios concedidos aos interessados atendidos pelo programa são mais abrangentes daqueles permitidos pela regulação atual. A pesquisa mostra que esse é o diferencial que permite a real universalização do acesso ao serviço público de eletricidade no meio rural, de forma adequada. O programa será encerrado em dezembro de 2010, cabendo às concessionárias atender os interessados apenas pelos critérios da universalização. O trabalho aponta grande possibilidade de exclusão do acesso à eletricidade a partir desse momento, e propõe oferecer ao Estado uma pesquisa que indique caminhos que possibilite a São Paulo antecipar-se às consequências que virão com fim do Programa Luz para Todos. Trata-se, assim, de pesquisa que envolve experiência profissional e conhecimento acadêmico.The research work aims to study and provide a new policy of rural electrification in the State of Sao Paulo, based on the following question: \"the State of Sao Paulo must maintain its own policy of rural electrification after the universal law, nº 10.438/2002, the Light for All program and also the set of resolutions by ANEEL on the matter?\" The approach to the subject is based on the author\'s experience on the subject of rural electrification, especially through programs developed in the state since 1996, under the management or coordination of CERESP, organ of the SSE. The regulation of time provided that the person should pay for the cost of grid connection to the utilities power grids, therefore the programs developed so far, dealt with complex financial systems of these connections. The innovations of these programs contributed to the implementation of the law universal nº 10438/2002 and the Light for All program. The Light for All Program is universal and so different from that determined by ANEEL Resolution 456/2000, where the benefits granted to persons enrolled in the program are the most comprehensive of those allowed by current regulation. Research shows that this is the differential that allows the real universal access to public electricity in rural areas, as appropriate. The program will end in December 2010, leaving it to dealers only meet the criteria of universality. The work shows great possibility of exclusion from access to electricity from that time, and proposes giving the state a survey indicating that enable paths to Sao Paulo to anticipate the consequences that come with the end of the Light for All Program. Therefore, it is a research that involves work experience and academic knowledge
Social development and rural electrification programs not met
No full textO trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar e oferecer uma nova política de eletrificação rural para o Estado de São Paulo, tendo por base o seguinte questionamento: cabe ao Estado de São Paulo manter política própria de eletrificação rural após a lei da universalização, nº 10.438/2002, do programa Luz para Todos e, ainda, do conjunto de Resoluções da ANEEL sobre o assunto? A abordagem do assunto tem por base a experiência do autor sobre o tema eletrificação rural, em especial com os programas desenvolvidos no Estado a partir de 1996, sob gestão ou coordenação da CERESP, órgão da Secretaria de Saneamento e Energia (SSE). A regulação da época previa que o interessado deveria pagar pelo custo de conexão à rede elétrica das concessionárias, assim, os programas desenvolvidos até então, tratavam de complexos sistemas de financiamento dessas conexões. As inovações desses programas contribuíram para a implantação da lei da universalização 10.438/2002 e do programa Luz para Todos. O programa Luz para Todos trata a universalização de modo diferente daquele determinado pela Resolução 456/2000, em que os benefícios concedidos aos interessados atendidos pelo programa são mais abrangentes daqueles permitidos pela regulação atual. A pesquisa mostra que esse é o diferencial que permite a real universalização do acesso ao serviço público de eletricidade no meio rural, de forma adequada. O programa será encerrado em dezembro de 2010, cabendo às concessionárias atender os interessados apenas pelos critérios da universalização. O trabalho aponta grande possibilidade de exclusão do acesso à eletricidade a partir desse momento, e propõe oferecer ao Estado uma pesquisa que indique caminhos que possibilite a São Paulo antecipar-se às consequências que virão com fim do Programa Luz para Todos. Trata-se, assim, de pesquisa que envolve experiência profissional e conhecimento acadêmico.The research work aims to study and provide a new policy of rural electrification in the State of Sao Paulo, based on the following question: \"the State of Sao Paulo must maintain its own policy of rural electrification after the universal law, nº 10.438/2002, the Light for All program and also the set of resolutions by ANEEL on the matter?\" The approach to the subject is based on the author\'s experience on the subject of rural electrification, especially through programs developed in the state since 1996, under the management or coordination of CERESP, organ of the SSE. The regulation of time provided that the person should pay for the cost of grid connection to the utilities power grids, therefore the programs developed so far, dealt with complex financial systems of these connections. The innovations of these programs contributed to the implementation of the law universal nº 10438/2002 and the Light for All program. The Light for All Program is universal and so different from that determined by ANEEL Resolution 456/2000, where the benefits granted to persons enrolled in the program are the most comprehensive of those allowed by current regulation. Research shows that this is the differential that allows the real universal access to public electricity in rural areas, as appropriate. The program will end in December 2010, leaving it to dealers only meet the criteria of universality. The work shows great possibility of exclusion from access to electricity from that time, and proposes giving the state a survey indicating that enable paths to Sao Paulo to anticipate the consequences that come with the end of the Light for All Program. Therefore, it is a research that involves work experience and academic knowledge
Catalytic Effect Of Metallic Additives On In-situ Combustion Of Two Brazilian Medium And Heavy Oils
No full textIncreasing the final recovery factor from mature fields is a major challenge to meet the growing energy demand in the coming years. The in-situ combustion, an important thermal enhanced oil recovery method, has experienced an increasing interest as an alternative solution to this challenge. In-situ combustion is the process of injecting oxygen into oil reservoirs where a portion of oil is burned and heat is in-situ generated. As consequence the oil viscosity decreases resulting in larger oil recovery factor. The propensity of the reservoir oil to form fuel is a major constraint limiting the applicability of the in-situ combustion. In lighter oil reservoirs insufficient fuel may be deposited resulting in a combustion front that cannot be self-sustained. Contrariwise, in heavier oil reservoirs excessive fuel may be deposited leading to high air injection. Metallic salts are known to play an important role as a catalyst and thereby affect the amount of fuel formed. This paper describes an experimental study with eight combustion tube runs to evaluate the effects of metallic additives in the combustion of two Brazilian medium and heavy oils. The oils are 12.8° and 27.2° API, respectively from an onshore field in Espirito Santos Basin and an offshore field in Santos Basin. The metallic additives are iron nitrate and zinc nitrate. Results for the heavy oil show that a self-sustained front combustion can be obtained only with the presence of clay, due to its catalytic effect. The addition of iron nitrate increased the fuel concentration while increasing the air requirement and reducing the combustion front velocity. The addition of zinc nitrate also increased the fuel concentration and increased the air requirement and reduced the combustion front velocity. Interesting results were observed for the medium oil: a self-sustained combustion was not achieved only with the presence of clay, but stable and sustained combustions were observed with the addition of iron and zinc nitrates. Iron and zinc salts are metallic additives with potential to expand the range of candidate reservoirs for in-situ combustion. Further studies are necessary to evaluate potential additives to act as fuel reducing agent. Copyright 2014, Society of Petroleum Engineers.210791104Chevron,Halliburton,PDVSA,Schlumberger,TotaAkkutlu, I.Y., Yortsos, Y.C., Dual-role of water-soluble metallic additives on modifying in-situ combustion performance using large activation energy asymptotics (2008) 2008 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, , SPE 115506, paper presented at the, held in Denver, Colorado, USA, 21-24 SeptemberAlboudwarej, H., Felix, J., Taylor, S., Highlightining heavy oil (2006) Oilfield Review, pp. 34-53. , JuneCastanier, L.M., Baena, C.J., Holt, R.J., Brigham, W.E., In-situ combustion with metallic additives (1992) SPE Second Latin America Petroleum Engineering Conference, , SPE 23708 presented at, II LACEC held in Caracas, Venezuela, 8-11 MarchGerritsen, M., Kovscek, A., Castanier, L., Nilsson, J., Yonis, R., He, B., Experimental investigation and high resolution simulator of in-situ combustion processes1. Simulator design and improved combustion with metallic additives (2004) SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium and Western Regional Meeting, , SPE 86962 presented at the, held in Bakersfield, California, 16-18 MarchChicuta, A.M., (2009) Estudo Experimental Sobre A Recuperaçào de Oleo Pesado Através da Combustäo In-Situ, , Dissetaçào de Mestrado em Ciência e Engenharia de Petróleo, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, UNICAMP, CampinasChicuta, A.M., Trevisan, O.V., Experimental study on in-situ combustion of brazilian heavy oil (2009) 2009 SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleun Engineering Conference, , SPE 122036, paper presented at the, held in Cartagena, Colombia, 31 May-3-JuneCristofari, J., Castanier, L., Kovscek, (2008) Laboratory Investigation of the Effect of Solvent Injection on In-situ Combustion, , SPE 99752, JuneGonçalves, L.I.B., (2010) Estudo Experimental da Combustäo Molhada Na Recuperaçào de Óleo Pesado, p. 154. , Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Dissertaçào de MestradoGonçalves, L.I.B., Trevisan, O.V., (2009) Numerical Simulation of Combustion Lab Experiments on Wet Forward Combustion, , COB09-0302He, B., Chen, Q., Castanier, L., Kovscek, A., Improved in-situ combustion performance with metallic salt additives (2005) 2005 SPE Western Regional Meeting, , SPE 93901, presented at the, held in Irvine, CA, USA, 30 March - 1 AprilHolt, R.J., In-situ combustion with metallic additives (1992) SUPRI TR, 87. , Stanford UniversityKooper, R., Curtis, C., Decoster, E., Garcia, A.G., Huggins, C., Heavy-oil reservoirs (2002) Oilfield Review, (30), pp. 30-52Moritis, G., Biennial EOR production report-california steam eor produces less, other EOR continues (2002) Oil and Gas Journal (Apr. 15), p. 72Shallcross, D.C., De Los Rios, C.F., Castanier, L.M., Brigham, W.E., Modifying in-situ combustion performance by the use of water-soluble metallic additives (1989) SPE AIME Aisa-Pacific Conference, , SPE 19485, paper presented at the, Sydney, Australia, and September 13-1
Measurement of beauty-quark production in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV via non-prompt D mesons
No full textAbstract The p T-differential production cross sections of non-prompt D0, D+, and D s + mesons originating from beauty-hadron decays are measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s = 13 TeV. The measurements are performed at midrapidity, |y| < 0.5, with the data sample collected by ALICE from 2016 to 2018. The results are in agreement with predictions from several perturbative QCD calculations. The fragmentation fraction of beauty quarks to strange mesons divided by the one to non-strange mesons, f s /(f u + f d), is found to be 0.114 ± 0.016 (stat.) ± 0.006 (syst.) ± 0.003 (BR) ± 0.003 (extrap.). This value is compatible with previous measurements at lower centre-of-mass energies and in different collision systems in agreement with the assumption of universality of fragmentation functions. In addition, the dependence of the non-prompt D meson production on the centre-of-mass energy is investigated by comparing the results obtained at s = 5.02 and 13 TeV, showing a hardening of the non-prompt D-meson p T-differential production cross section at higher s . Finally, the b b ¯ production cross section per unit of rapidity at midrapidity is calculated from the non-prompt D0, D+, D s + , and Λ c + hadron measurements, obtaining d σ / d y = 75.2 ± 3.2 stat . ± 5.2 syst . − 3.2 + 12.3 extrap . μb
Effect of antioxidant agents after dental bleaching on luting of ceramic laminates.
No full textO objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de agentes antioxidantes após o clareamento dentário e previamente à cimentação de laminados cerâmicos na estabilidade cromática do conjunto restaurador, assim como nas propriedades mecânicas de nanodureza (HIT), módulo de elasticidade (Eit*), grau de conversão, resistência de união e morfologia da interface adesiva. Ademais, a neutralização de peróxido de hidrogênio e a caracterização superficial do esmalte, como ângulo de contato, energia de superfície, energia livre total de interação, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva do substrato submetido à ação das soluções antioxidantes e do agente clareador também foram analisados. Duzentos e quarenta e dois blocos de esmalte dentário (7x8x0,6mm) foram utilizados para o processo de cimentação e distribuídos em grupos experimentais de acordo com os métodos de procedimentos (grupo não clareado, grupo clareado com Whiteness HP Maxx 35%), tipos de antioxidantes adotados (controle; ácido ascórbico 10% e α-tocoferol 10%) e períodos de cimentação (após 24 horas e 14 dias do processo de cimentação) (n = 22). Foi utilizado o sistema adesivo Tetric N Bond Universal e o cimento resinoso Variolink Esthetic LC (Ivoclar Vivadent) como agentes cimentantes. Os dados foram submetidos a testes estatísticos de normalidade e analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Os dados da morfologia da interface adesiva, obtidas pela microscopia confocal a laser, foram submetidas ao teste Kappa inter-examinadores e os dados foram submetidos aos testes Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (α = 0,05). Os resultados mostraram que, de modo geral, a utilização da solução antioxidante α-tocoferol 10% pós-clareamento no período mediato promoveu resultados satisfatórios com relação à estabilidade cromática do conjunto restaurador, assim como para as propriedades mecânicas, grau de conversão, resistência de união e morfologia da interface adesiva comparado ao grupo clareado sem associação dos agentes antioxidantes, tanto para o período mediato, quanto para o período de 14 dias (p<0,05). A solução de α-tocoferol 10% apresentou maiores valores de neutralização do peróxido de hidrogênio e maiores valores de molhabilidade do esmalte em relação aos grupos controle e ácido ascórbico (p<0,05). A energia de superfície e energia livre total de interação do esmalte dentário foi significativamente influenciada pelo tratamento clareador (p<0,05). Dessa forma, conclui-se que o emprego da solução antioxidante α-tocoferol 10% promoveu resultados promissores, sugerindo que o mesmo poderia ser utilizado mediatamente após o clareamento dental na cimentação de laminados cerâmicos.The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant agents application after tooth bleaching and prior to luting of ceramic veneers on color stability of the restorative set, as well as on mechanical properties of nanohardness (HIT), elastic modulus (Eit*), degree of conversion, bond strength and morphology of the adhesive interface. Furthermore, the hydrogen peroxide neutralization and surface characterization of enamel, such as contact angle, surface energy, total free energy of interaction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy of the substrate submitted to the action of antioxidant solutions and bleaching agent were also analyzed. Two hundred forty two dental enamel blocks (7 x 8 x 0.6 mm) were used for the luting process and distributed into experimental groups according to the procedure methods (unbleached group, bleached group with Whiteness HP Maxx 35%), types of antioxidants adopted (control; 10% ascorbic acid and 10% α-tocopherol) and the luting periods (24 hours and 14 days after the luting process) (n = 22). Tetric N Bond Universal adhesive system and Variolink Esthetic LC resin cement (Ivoclar Vivadent) were used as luting agents. Data were submitted to statistical tests of normality and analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). The adhesive interface morphology data, obtained by confocal laser microscopy, were submitted to the inter-examiner Kappa test and the data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn´s tests (α = 0.05). The results showed that, in general, the use of 10% α-tocopherol antioxidant solution after bleaching in mediate period promoted satisfactory results regarding the color stability of the restorative set, as well as for the mechanical properties, degree of conversion, shear bond strength and adhesive interface morphology compared to the bleached group without antioxidant agents association, both for the mediate and 14-day period (P < 0.05). The 10% α-tocopherol solution showed higher hydrogen peroxide neutralization values and higher enamel wettability values compared to the control and ascorbic acid groups (P < 0.05). Surface energy and total free energy of interaction of tooth enamel were significantly influenced by the bleaching treatment (P < 0.05). Thus, it is concluded that the use of 10% α-tocopherol antioxidant solution promoted promising results, suggesting that it could be used mediately after tooth bleaching on luting of ceramic laminates.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CAPES: 001FAPESP: 17/27114-
K S 0 - and (anti-) Λ -hadron correlations in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV
No full textAbstract Two-particle Azimuthal correlations are measured with the ALICE apparatus in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV to explore strangeness- and multiplicity-related effects in the fragmentation of jets and the transition regime between bulk and hard production, probed with the condition that a strange meson ( K S 0 ) or baryon ( Λ ) with transverse momentum p T > 3 GeV/ c is produced. Azimuthal correlations between kaons or Λ hyperons with other hadrons are presented at midrapidity for a broad range of the trigger ( 3 < p T trigg < 20 GeV/ c ) and associated particle p T (1 GeV/ c < p T assoc < p T trigg ), for minimum-bias events and as a function of the event multiplicity. The near- and away-side peak yields are compared for the case of either K S 0 or Λ ( Λ ¯ ) being the trigger particle with that of inclusive hadrons (a sample dominated by pions). In addition, the measurements are compared with predictions from PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC event generators
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