3,233 research outputs found
Physical interpretation of the Mullins softening in a carbon-black filled SBR
No full textA 40 phr carbon-black filled styrene butadiene rubber has been submitted to several experiments in order to identify the physical damage responsible for the mechanical softening recorded upon first stretch. Damage in the rubber matrix was determined by swelling. The filler structure alteration was monitored by electrical conductivity measurements. Both damages are shown to be of minor importance compared to the substantial mechanical softening undergone by the material. Degradation at the rubber-filler interface may be recovered by exposing the material at high temperatures in vacuo. The chain mobility in such storage conditions promotes free chain adsorption at the filler surface. The existence of a layer of polymer whose movements are hindered adds to the filler reinforcement and its desorption creates Mullins softening
Charcaterization of the Mullins effect of carbon-black filled rubbers
No full textPublisher version : http://rubberchemtechnol.org/doi/abs/10.5254/1.3592294?journalCode=rcatSeveral carbon-black filled styrene-butadiene rubbers showed different sensibilities to the Mullins softening when submitted to cyclic uniaxial tension. In order to quantify this softening, a damage parameter was introduced. It is defined by using a classic damage approach and can be estimated by using either the strain amplification factor method or the tangent modulus at zero stress. The proposed parameter is used to study the effects of crosslink density and filler amount on the Mullins softening. The latter is shown to remain unaffected by a change of crosslink density and to increase with an increase of filler amount. The damage parameter exhibits mere linear dependences on the maximum Hencky strain applied and on the filler volume fraction. A simple linear expression is given finally to predict the Mullins softening of filled rubbers. The parameter also provides an objective analysis for the Mullins softening that supports comments on a better understanding of this effect.ANR MATETPRO AMUFIS
Constitutive modeling of the anisotropic behavior of Mullins softened filled rubbers
No full textOriginal constitutive modeling is proposed for filled rubber materials in order to capture the anisotropic softened behavior induced by general non-proportional pre-loading histo-ries. The hyperelastic framework is grounded on a thorough analysis of cyclic experimental data. The strain energy density is based on a directional approach. The model leans on the strain amplification factor concept applied over material directions according to the Mul-lins softening evolution. In order to provide a model versatile that applies for a wide range of materials, the proposed framework does not require to postulate the mathematical forms of the elementary directional strain energy density and of the Mullins softening evo-lution rule. A computational procedure is defined to build both functions incrementally from experimental data obtained during cyclic uniaxial tensile tests. Successful compari-sons between the model and the experiments demonstrate the model abilities. Moreover, the model is shown to accurately predict the non-proportional uniaxial stress-stretch responses for uniaxially and biaxially pre-stretched samples. Finally, the model is effi-ciently tested on several materials and proves to provide a quantitative estimate of the anisotropy induced by the Mullins softening for a wide range of filled rubbers
Influenza vaccination of the egg-allergic individual: 2012 update
No full textLetter to the editorRaymond J Mullins and Michael S Gol
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
An intranuclear microsporidian in lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus
No full textChronic mortalities in lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus reared in a saltwater recirculation system were associated with the presence of an intranuclear microsporidian. Morphological changes were characterized by infiltration of lymphocyte-like cells predominantly in the renal interstitium and also in the spleen, liver, gills, stomach, pyloric caecae, heart, ovary and mesenteric fat. Affected cell nuclei contained 1 to more than 6 spherical to oval eosinophilic bodies which stained poorly with haematoxylin and eosin and Giemsa. Ultrastructurally, spores were ovoid (2.1 x 1.0 micro m) with a polar tube with 11 turns. The morphology of the spores place them in the genus Enterocytozoon. These spores resemble E. salmonis in salmonids, and Microsporidia rhabdophilia in the rodlet cells of salmonids..RE: 12 ref.; SC: ZA; CA; HE; VE; PA; 0YSource type: Electronic(1) http://upei-resolver.asin-risa.ca?sid=SP:CABI&id=pmid:&id=&issn=0177-5103&isbn=&volume=20&issue=1&spage=7&pages=7-13&date=1994&title=Diseases%20of%20Aquatic%20Organisms&atitle=An%20intranuclear%20microsporidian%20in%20lumpfish%20Cyclopterus%20lumpus.&aulast=Mullins&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMullins%2c%20J%20E%3bPowell%2c%20M%3bSpeare%2c%20D%20J%3bCawthorn%2c%20R%3C%2Fauthor%3E%3CAN%3E19950804101%3C%2FAN%3E%3CDT%3EJournal%20article%3C%2FDT%3
Evaluating the Ecological Impacts of Cultivating Genetically Modified Herbicide Tolerant (GMHT) Oilseed Rape and Maize: (2007-B-DS-1-S1) STRIVE Report
No full textThis report is published as part of the Science, Technology, Research and Innovation for the
Environment (STRIVE) Programme 2007–2013.Author has checked copyrigh
Strain softening of nano-scale fuzzy interfaces causes Mullins effect in thermoplastic polyurethane
No full textThe strain-induced softening of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs), known as the Mullins effect, arises from their multi-phase structure. We used the combination of small-A nd wide-A ngle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) during in situ repeated tensile loading to elucidate the relationship between molecular architecture, nano-strain, and macro-scale mechanical properties. Insights obtained from our analysis highlight the importance of the 'fuzzy interface' between the hard and soft regions that governs the structure evolution at nanometre length scales and leads to macroscopic stiffness reduction. We propose a hierarchical Eshelby inclusion model of phase interaction mediated by the 'fuzzy interface' that accommodates the nano-strain gradient between hard and soft regions and undergoes tension-induced softening, causing the Mullins effect that becomes apparent in TPUs even at moderate tensile strains
Global existence and stability for the modified Mullins–Sekerka and surface diffusion flow<sup>†</sup>
No full textIn this survey we present the state of the art about the asymptotic behavior and stability of the modified Mullins–Sekerka flow and the surface diffusion flow of smooth sets, mainly due to E. Acerbi, N. Fusco, V. Julin and M. Morini. First we discuss in detail the properties of the nonlocal Area functional under a volume constraint, of which the two flows are the gradient flow with respect to suitable norms, in particular, we define the strict stability property for a critical set of such functional and we show that it is a necessary and sufficient condition for minimality under W2,p–perturbations, holding in any dimension. Then, we show that, in dimensions two and three, for initial sets sufficiently “close” to a smooth strictly stable critical set E, both flows exist for all positive times and asymptotically “converge” to a translate of E.Applied Probabilit
ONT-derived virus genomes - map to reference consensus
No full textConsensus sequences obtained from ONT reads by map to reference approachDella Bartola M.; Byrne S.; Mullins E. Characterization of potato virus Y isolates and assessment of Nanopore sequencing to detect and genotype potato viruses. Viruses 2020</div
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