356 research outputs found
Analiza kmečkih dolgov v Sloveniji 1918 - 1941
No full textThe author analyzes the debt of Slovene peasants on the basis of debt recorded in land-registers of a sample of six cadastral communities. He also discusses land-registers, the structure of land owners, the process of debt-raising in individual years, developments related to interest rates for registered claim deeds, the issue of debt payment and/or canceled debts, as well as the structure of peasants\u27 debt in Slovenia in the period between the two Wars. Whenever possible, the author compares the situation in the sample with the rest of Slovenia, if this cannot be done, data are used obtained from land-registers to fill the gaps in the knowledge about the Slovene situation.Avtor analizira kmečke dolgove na podlagi bremenskih vpisov v zemljiško knjigo šestih vzorčnih katastrskih občin. Piše o zemljiški knjigi, posestni strukturi, poteku zadolževanja v posameznih letih, gibanju obrestne mere pri intabuliranih terjatvah, vračanju oziroma izbrisih dolgov in o strukturi kmečkih dolgov v Sloveniji v obdobju med vojnama. Povsod, kjer je bilo mogoče, je primerjal stanje v vzorcu s stanjem v Sloveniji. Kjer pa to ni bilo moč storiti, so podatki iz zemljiških knjig uspešno zapolnjevali obstoječo vrzel v vedenju o slovenskih razmerah
Usoda predvojnih kmečkih dolgov po letu 1945
Get PDFIn his discussion the author gives a short survey of the problems concerning the farmers\u27 debts in Yugoslavia in the time of Monarchy. During the first half of the Thirties the Yugoslav authorities worked at that problem, but didn\u27t succeed to solve it until 1936. Before the Second World War the Communist Party of Yugoslavia promised the farmers an absolute debt canceling. It kept its word when it took over the power.V razpravi podaja avtor kratek pregled problematike kmečkih dolgov v Jugoslaviji v času kraljevine. Skozi prvo polovico tridesetih let so se jugoslovanske vlade ukvarjale s tem problemom, vendar ga niso uspele rešiti vse do leta 1936. KPJ je že pred vojno kmetom obljubljala popolno črtanje dolgov, kar je tudi uresničila v času prihoda na oblast
Optimization of process parametres for production of secondary metabolites in a batch bioreactor
Get PDFSekundarni metaboliti so naravne spojine, ki jih sintetizirajo mikroorganizmi, vključno z bakterijami, glivami, kvasovkami in rastlinami. Čeprav ti produkti niso nujno potrebni za osnovne biološke funkcije, kot so sinteza lipidov, aminokislin, ogljikovih hidratov in nukleinskih kislin, imajo pomembno vlogo v različnih industrijskih aplikacijah. Kvasovka Saccharomyces cerevisiae je ključni mikroorganizem v biotehnologiji zaradi svoje sposobnosti pretvorbe sladkorjev v etanol in ogljikov dioksid ter njene prilagodljivosti na različne okoljske pogoje.
Cilj magistrskega dela je bil optimizirati proizvodnjo sekundarnih metabolitov s pomočjo S. cerevisiae v šaržnem bioreaktorju. Raziskava je obsegala preučevanje vpliva različnih vrst mešal, začetnih koncentracij inokuluma ter hitrosti mešanja na rast celične mase in proizvodnjo sekundarnih metabolitov. Med optimizacijo smo spremljali spremembe pH med fermentacijo ter izvajali UV-VIS spektrofotometrične analize za pridobitev rezultatov o količini celokupnih proteinov, antioksidativnem potencialu in aktivnosti encima alkohol dehidrogenaze (ADH). Antioksidativni potencial proizvedenih sekundarnih metabolitov smo določili z DPPH metodo , za določanje koncentracije celokupnih proteinov je bila uporabljena Bradfordova metoda, aktivnost znotrajceličnega encima ADH pa je bila določena s pomočjo encimskega testa.
Optimalni parametri za doseganje najboljših rezultatov vključujejo hitrost mešanja 200 rpm, uporabo dvojnega mešala in začetno koncentracijo inokuluma 6,62 ∙ 107 CFU/mL. Ti parametri so bili potrjeni v zaključnem eksperimentu, kjer smo ponovno gojili S. cerevisiae pod enakimi pogoji, kar je potrdilo ponovljivost gojenja in učinkovitost izbranih parametrov. Prav tako so rezultati analitskih metod pokazali, da so permeabilizirani vzorci dosegli najvišjo antioksidativno aktivnost, najvišjo koncentracijo proteinov in največjo aktivnost ADH. Na podlagi teh ugotovitev smo zaključili, da višja hitrost mešanja, uporaba dvojnega mešala in večja začetna koncentracija inokuluma zagotavljajo optimalne rezultate v proizvodnji sekundarnih metabolitov.Secondary metabolites are natural compounds synthesized by microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, yeast, and plants. Although these products are not necessarily essential for fundamental biological functions such as the synthesis of lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, they play a significant role in various industrial applications. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key microorganism in biotechnology due to its ability to convert sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide, as well as its adaptability to various environmental conditions.
The aim of this thesis was to optimize the production of secondary metabolites when cultivating S. cerevisiae in a batch bioreactor. The study involved examining the impact of different types of agitators, initial inoculum concentrations, and agitation speeds on cell biomass growth and secondary metabolite production. During optimization, pH changes during fermentation were monitored, and UV-VIS spectrophotometric analyses were performed to obtain results for the amount of total proteins, for the antioxidative potential and for the enzyme activity of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). To determine the antioxidative potential of the produced secondary metabolites, the DPPH method was used, total protein concentration was measured with the Bradford method, and an enzymatic assay was conducted to measure ADH activity.
The optimal parameters for achieving the best results include an agitation speed of 200 rpm, the use of a dual agitator, and an initial inoculum concentration of 6.62 ∙ 107 CFU/mL. These parameters were confirmed in a final experiment, where S. cerevisiae was grown under the same conditions, validating the reproducibility and effectiveness of the chosen parameters. Additionally, the results of the analytical methods demonstrated that permeabilized samples achieved the highest antioxidant activity, highest protein concentration, and highest ADH activity. Based on these findings, it was concluded that higher agitation speed, the use of a dual agitator, and higher initial inoculum concentration ensure optimal results in secondary metabolite production
A turning point in the study of the Old Russian «everyday life». About the monography Dolgov V. V. Byt i nravy Drevney Rusi. Miry povsednevnosti XI–XIII vv. [Life and customs of Ancient Rus’. Everyday life worlds of the 11th – 13th centuries]. St. Petersburg: Oleg Abyshko Publ., 2017. 592 p. ISBN 978- 5-903525-92-8
No full textThe publication is a review of the monograph by Vadim Viktorovich Dolgov on the ancient Russian
everyday life (Dolgov V. V. Byt i nravy Drevney Rusi. Miry povsednevnosti XI–XIII vv. [Life and customs
of Ancient Rus’. Everyday life worlds of the 11th – 13th centuries]. St. Petersburg: Oleg Abyshko Publ., 2017.
592 p. ISBN 978- 5-903525-92-8). While noting that in Dolgov’s book for the first time in historiography a
complete picture of the social structure was reconstructed as it seemed to the man of Ancient Rus’, the author
of the review sees the main value of V. Dolgov’s monograph in the integrity of his reconstruction of the Old
Russian picture of the world. In Dolgov’s book the Old Russian notion of society was examined at four basic
levels: 1) at the microgroup level; 2) at the level of the city volost’; 3) in relation to other Russian volosts and
the world as a whole; 4) in relation of the earthly / real world to the unearthly / supernatural world. Thus,
in Dolgov’s book there were examined all the key coordinates of the Old Russian social world outlook and
there was given an opportunity of representing what forms the basis of any picture of the world, namely a
complex of images of the world and the location of man in the world. The author of the review emphasizes
that when analyzing material that used to be examined in traditional historiography from the standpoint of
«classical» political and social history, Vadim V. Dolgov applied methods of socio-anthropological research
and used socio-anthropological terminology tools to describe everyday and political realities. The author of
the review concludes that the publication of the fundamental monograph by V. V. Dolgov means a turning
point in the study of Old Russian everyday life
Comparison of the Eliashberg functions determined from point-contact and break-junction tunneling experiments in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
No full textInfluence of lifetime broadening in the determination of the Eliashberg function from break-junction tunneling data in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x single crystals
No full textElectron-phonon spectral function and two-band model in tunneling measurement on MgB2
No full textIn the present work we calculate for the first time the density of states of MgB2 for different tunneling directions by directly solving the two-band Eliashberg equations in the real-axis formulation starting from the first-principle calculation of the interband and intraband electron-phonon spectral functions. This complicated numeric procedure allows preserving the fine structures of the DOS in the phonon energy range. We show that the numeric inversion of the standard single-band Eliashberg equations when applied to the densities of states obtained by the two-band model may lead to artifacts in the extracted electron-phonon spectral function α2 F(ω). We also suggest that the small DOS structures produced by the two-band inter-action at energies between 20 and 100 meV can be observed only at very low temperature in junctions in perfect clean limit
Bioactive substances from mango peels for the cosmetics industry
Get PDFMango velja za najbolj pogosto gojeno tropsko sadje po vsem svetu. Poleg svežega sadja ga lahko predelamo v sokove, nektarje, koncentrate in marmelade, vendar med samo predelavo ostane veliko odpadnega materiala, kot so olupki, ki predstavljajo resen okoljski problem. Ravno olupki predstavljajo bogat vir polifenolnih spojin, flavonoidov, vitamina C in zaradi tega imajo protimikrobne in antioksidativne lastnosti.
Za izvedbo eksperimentalnega dela diplomske naloge smo pripravili 4 vzorce, in sicer vodni ekstrakt suhih mangovih olupkov, etanolni ekstrakt suhih mangovih olupkov, vodni ekstrakt svežih mangovih olupkov in etanolni ekstrakt svežih mangovih olupkov ter jih analizirali s pomočjo spektrofotometričnih analiz.
Protimikrobno delovanje izolatov smo ocenili s Kirby – Bauerjevo in mikrodilucijsko metodo. S Kirby – Bauerjevo metodo smo z merjenjem cone inhibicije določevali inhibitorne lastnosti izolatov na rast različnih mikroorganizmov, in sicer Gram-negativnih bakterij (Escherichia coli in Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-pozitivnih bakterij (Staphylococcus aureus in Bacillus cereus) ter gliv (Candida albicans in Aspergillus brasiliensis). Z mikrodilucijsko metodo pa samo določili protimikrobno delovanje izolatov na rast bakterij, saj smo predhodno s Kirby – Bauerjevo metodo dosegli uspešno inhibicijo le na rasti bakterij. S pomočjo mikrodilucijske metode smo določili minimalno inhibitorno koncentracijo izolatov.
Spektrofotometrične analize vzorcev so potrdile višjo koncentracijo totalnih fenolov in proantocianidinov ter višjo antioksidativno aktivnost etanolnih ekstraktov v primerjavi z vodnimi ekstrakti. Iz izmerjenih con inhibicije smo s Kirby – Bauerjevo metodo dokazali protimikrobno delovanje na rast Gram-pozitivnih in Gram-negativnih bakterij, medtem ko testirani vzorci niso zavirali rast gliv. Rezultati mikrodilucijske metode so pokazali, da so bile boljše protimikrobne lastnosti izražene proti Gram-pozitivnim bakterijam v primerjavi z Gram-negativnimi.
Glede na dobljene rezultate smo dokazali, da so olupki manga bogat vir bioaktivnih snovi s protimikrobnim in antioksidativnim delovanjem, zato bi se lahko v prihodnosti izolati iz olupkov manga uporabljali v različnih industrijskih panogah, kot so kozmetična, prehrambna in farmacevtska. Z njihovo nadaljnjo uporabo bi lahko zmanjšali količino odpadnega materiala, ki nastane med predelavo manga in s tem zmanjšali vpliv odpadkov na okolje.Mango is considered the most farmed tropical fruit in the world. In addition to fresh fruit, you can process it into juices, nectars, concentrates, and marmalades, but during the processing itself remains a lot of waste material, such as peels, which are a serious environmental problem. However, flat peels are a rich source of polyphenol compounds, flavonoids, and vitamin C and have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
For the implementation of the experimental part of the thesis, we prepared four samples, aqueous extract of dry mango peels, ethanolic extract of dry mango peels, aqueous extract of fresh mango peels, and ethanolic extract of fresh mango peels and analyzed using spectrophotometric analysis.
The antimicrobial activity of isolates was assessed using Kirby-Bauer and microdilution Method. By measuring the inhibition zone, the Kirby – Bauer method determined the inhibitory properties of isolates on the growth of various micro-organisms, namely Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis).With microdilution method only to determined the antimicrobial activity of isolates on bacterial growth, as previously using the Kirby-Bauer method achieved only successful inhibition of bacterial growth. Using the microdilution method, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration of isolates and monitored the development of the bacterium.
Spectrophotometric analyses of samples confirmed higher total phenol content, proanthocyanidin, and the higher antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts compared to aqueous extracts. From the measured inhibition zones, the Kirby-Bauer method demonstrated antimicrobial activity on the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while the samples tested did not inhibit the growth of fungi. The results of the microdilution method showed that antimicrobial properties expressed in Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative.
Based on the results obtained, we have demonstrated that manga peels are a rich source of bioactive agents, including antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Therefore, in the future, it can be used in various industries such as cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals. Their further use could reduce the amount of waste material generated during the recovery of mangos, thus reducing the environmental impact of waste
Bosonic spectral function and the electron-phonon interaction in HTSC cuprates
Get PDFIn this paper we discuss experimental evidence related to the structure and origin of the bosonic spectral function alpha 2F (omega) in high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) cuprates at and near optimal doping. Global properties of alpha 2F (omega), such as number and positions of peaks, are extracted by combining optics, neutron scattering, ARPES and tunnelling measurements. These methods give evidence for strong electron-phonon interaction (EPI) with 1<lambda ep <~ 3.5 in cuprates near optimal doping. We clarify how these results are in favor of the modified Migdal-Eliashberg (ME) theory for HTSC cuprates near optimal doping. In Section 2 we discuss theoretical ingredients—such as strong EPI, strong correlations—which are necessary to explain the mechanism of d-wave pairing in optimally doped cuprates. These comprise the ME theory for EPI in strongly correlated systems which give rise to the forward scattering peak. The latter is supported by the long-range part of EPI due to the weakly screened Madelung interaction in the ionic-metallic structure of layered HTSC cuprates. In this approach EPI is responsible for the strength of pairing while the residual Coulomb interaction and spin fluctuations trigger the d-wave pairing
A method for the determination of the density of states from tunneling measurements in high-Tc superconductors
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