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Oprema gradu Hmeljnik pred letom 1926: Zbirke baronov Ruessenstein, Zierheimb in Wambolt
Full text linkBased on a comparative analysis of previously unpublished archival sources, the article provides information on the furnishings of Hmeljnik Castle from the beginning of the seventeenth to the beginning of the twentieth century. The painting collections of the Barons Ruessenstein and Zierheimb, who owned Hmeljnik in the seventeenth century, are presented in detail, and the inventories from the time of the Barons Wambolt provide a more detailed insight into the castle furnishings of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Supplemented by the transcription of selected sources, the article lays the foundation for further research into the castle interiors, as the analysis of these and other surviving documents reveals their appearance before the major renovation of the castle and the relocation of the Frischau furnishings to Hmeljnik in the second half of the 1920s.Prispevek na podlagi primerjalne analize doslej neobjavljenih arhivskih virov prinaša podatke o opremi gradu Hmeljnik v času od začetka 17. do začetka 20. stoletja. Podrobneje so predstavljene slikarske zbirke baronov Ruessenstein in Zierheimb, ki so Hmeljnik posedovali v 17. stoletju, na podlagi inventarjev, nastalih za časa baronov Wambolt, pa je bilo mogoče natančneje predstaviti grajsko opremo s konca 19. in z začetka 20. stoletja. Prispevek, ki vsebuje transkripcije izbranih virov, postavlja temeljna izhodišča za nadaljnje raziskovanje hmeljniških grajskih interierjev, saj analiza teh in drugih ohranjenih dokumentov razodeva njihovo podobo pred veliko prenovo gradu in selitvijo opreme dvorca Frischau na Hmeljnik v drugi polovici dvajsetih let 20. stoletja
Nastanek in razvoj ljubljanskega Mestnega trga do leta 1300 v luči rezultatov arheoloških raziskav
Full text linkArchaeological research carried out in the old town centre in 2009 and 2016 yielded important information regarding Ljubljana’s development. The earliest archaeological traces of the medieval settlement in the Town Square area near the present-day Triple Bridge point to a pre-urban core of the subsequent town, which began to develop before the mid-twelfth century, which at least roughly coincided with the time when the Spanheim family arrived in central Carniola. Then followed urban planning. The streets were laid out before the plots were marked out and build on. Such an ambitious project was usually not part of the town’s natural evolution but a result of organizationally and financially complex reconstruction of the existing settlement, which can be understood as the founding of the town. According to archaeological data and mentions in written sources, Ljubljana may have been founded during the period of Herman of Spanheim (1161–1181), Duke of Carinthia. However, it is not excluded that this already happened during the time of his brothers Henry (1144–1161) or Ulrich. The latter was the first to name himself after Ljubljana in 1144.Arheološke raziskave v središču Ljubljane, izvedene v letih 2009 in 2016, so razkrile pomembne podatke o zgodnjem razvoju Ljubljane. Najzgodnejši arheološki sledovi srednjeveške poselitve na raziskanem območju Mestnega trga, v bližini današnjega Tromostovja, kažejo na predurbano jedro kasnejšega mesta, ki se je začelo razvijati pred sredino 12. stoletja, kar vsaj okvirno sovpada s časom prihoda rodbine Spanheim na osrednjo Kranjsko. Sledi načrtna urbanizacija prostora z vzpostavitvijo ulic, ki so služile kot izhodišče za parcelacijo. Takšen velikopotezen projekt običajno ni bil del organske rasti mesta, ampak plod organizacijsko in finančno zahtevne rekonstrukcije obstoječe naselbine, ki jo lahko razumemo kot ustanovitev mesta. Glede na arheološke podatke in omembe v pisnih virih bi lahko bila Ljubljana ustanovljena za časa koroškega vojvode Hermana Spanheimskega (1161–1181), ni pa izključeno, da se je to zgodilo že v času njegovih bratov Henrika (1144–1161) ali Ulrika, ki se je leta 1144 prvi imenoval po Ljubljani
Starejša uradovalna slovenika iz Zgornje Savinjske doline (1604–1842)
Full text linkThe Upper Savinja Valley is an area from which several early Slovenian administrative texts or records are already known, dating to before the mid-nineteenth century: a decree of the diocesan synod and a translation of a papal breve, both from Gornji Grad, and two oath forms for newly admitted dwellers of the market towns of Rečica ob Savinji and Mozirje. Through recent discoveries, new documents have surfaced, most notably tithe registers and two documents that are unique in the entire Slovenian area: the only probate inventory of a serf in Slovenian and the only last will of a serf drawn up by a priest. The article presents an overview of all hitherto discovered Slovenian administrative records from the Upper Savinja Valley, with a particular focus on those that have so far not been published and discussed.Zgornja Savinjska dolina je območje, iz katerega smo že doslej poznali več starejših slovenskih uradovalnih besedil oziroma zapisov uradovalne narave, nastalih pred sredo 19. stoletja: odlok škofijske sinode in prevod papeškega breva, oba iz Gornjega Grada, ter prisežna obrazca za novosprejete tržane v trgih Rečica ob Savinji in Mozirje. Odkritja zadnjih let so prinesla na površje še nove dokumente, zlasti desetinske registre, pa tudi dve posebnosti v celotnem slovenskem prostoru: edini slovenski podložniški inventar in edino podložniško oporoko, ki jo je zapisal duhovnik. Prispevek prinaša pregled vseh doslej odkritih slovenskih uradovalnih zapisov iz Zgornje Savinjske doline, pri čemer so natančneje predstavljeni tisti, ki doslej še niso bili obravnavani in objavljeni. 
Industrijska predelava živil v spreminjajoči se stvarnosti: vpliv demografskih sprememb na proizvodnjo
No full textFishing is a historical feature of Izola’s local economy. During the 19th century, the fish processing industry started to develop in this area. Later, it expanded to agricultural production by also including meat, fruit, and vegetable processing. This industry and the associated fishing and agricultural production represented the primary source of the local population’s livelihood. The contribution discusses the impact of the Istrian exodus (i.e. significant demographic changes taking place between 1945 and 1960 in the Littoral region) on the food processing industry in Izola. This activity, which became even more dependent on manual labour and manpower in the period under consideration, faced various human resource problems during the process of dual (political and economic) restructuring of society, whose consequences were also reflected in the production of Izola’s factories/companies.Ribiška dejavnost je zgodovinska značilnost lokalnega gospodarstva Izole. V 19. stoletju se je na tem območju začela razvijati industrija predelave rib, ki je s širitvijo na predelovanje mesa, sadja in zelenjave zajela tudi kmečko pridelavo. Industrija in z njo povezana ribolov ter kmečka pridelava so predstavljali glavni vir preživetja lokalnega prebivalstva. Prispevek obravnava vpliv istrskega eksodusa (tj. velikih demografskih sprememb, do katerih je prišlo med letoma 1945 in 1960 v primorskem prostoru) na izolsko predelovalno industrijo živil. Dejavnost, ki je v obravnavani dobi postala še bolj odvisna od ročnega dela ter delovne sile, se je med procesom dvojne restrukturalizacije družbe, političnega in gospodarskega sistema spopadala z različnimi kadrovskimi problemi, katerih posledice so se kazale tudi v proizvodnji izolskih tovarn/podjetij
Vmesna identiteta in podjetniki na Slovenskem v avstro-ogrski dobi
No full textThe article discusses inbetween identities in the economic context, as they appeared in Slovenia during the Austro-Hungarian period. Although the ideology of economic nationalism, which exclusively protected the interests of one national community over the rest and was symbolized by the motto "each to their own", dominated at the time, some entrepreneurs tried to maintain an intermediate, i.e. non- or supranational identity for various reasons. Certain entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial families were quite successsful in maintaining an inbetween identity in the long term, if they were moderate in their political views and offered quality service to their customers. Others pushed any national declaration into the background, either due to disinterest or to making possible more business opportunities. There were also examples of families in which members cultivated conflicting national identities. Članek tematizira vmesne nacionalne identitete v gospodarskem okviru, kot so se na Slovenskem pojavljale v obdobju Avstro-Ogrske. Čeprav je v tem času prevladovala ideologija ekonomskega nacionalizma, ki je ekskluzivistično ščitila interese ene nacionalne skupnosti napram ostalim in jo simbolizira geslo "svoji k svojim", so nekateri podjetniki iz različnih razlogov poskušali ohranjati vmesno, torej ne- ali nad nacionalno identiteto. Določeni podjetniki in podjetniške družine so bili dokaj uspešni pri dolgoročnem ohranjanju vmesne identitete, če so bili pri svojih političnih stališčih zmerni in so strankam nudili kvalitetno storitev. Drugi so vsakršno nacionalno deklariranje potiskali v ozadje, bodisi zaradi nezainteresiranosti bodisi zaradi odpiranja širših možnosti pri poslovanju. Obstajali so tudi primeri družin, v katerih so člani gojili nasprotujoče si nacionalne identitete.
Od spremljevalk taborov do voditeljic: zgodovinski razvoj vloge žensk v oboroženih silah
No full textThe article traces the historical development of women’s roles in the armed forces, emphasising their participation in various military tasks throughout human history. Originally, women were attached to armies on the march, accompanying soldiers and mainly performing support roles. In Antiquity and the Middle Ages, women’s roles in the military remained relatively unchanged, despite the occasional emergence of female military leaders. It was only in modern times that this began to shift. Initially, women were assigned formal roles within the military medical system, while later, they also took on support roles in combat. During World Wars I and II, women became an essential part of the military industry and organisation, and they started to participate directly in combat operations. The first exclusively female combat units were established. However, it was not until after World War II that women started to take on leadership roles within the armed forces.Članek predstavlja zgodovinski razvoj vloge žensk v oboroženih silah, ki so v tisočletjih človeškega obstoja v oboroženih silah opravljale različne naloge. Sprva so se priključevale oziroma so bile priključene vojskam na pohodu, kjer so spremljale vojake in predvsem izvajale podporne naloge. V starem in srednjem veku se je vloga žensk bolj malo spremenila, kljub temu pa so se občasno pojavile ženske vojaške voditeljice. Šele v novem veku se je vloga žensk pričela spreminjati: sprva so pridobile formalno vlogo v vojaško-zdravstvenem sistemu, nato pa so začele prevzemati tudi bojno-podporne vloge. Med prvo in drugo svetovno vojno so ženske postale pomemben člen vojaške industrije in organizacije, vključno z neposrednim sodelovanjem v spopadih in oblikovanjem popolnoma ženskih bojnih enot. A šele po drugi svetovni vojni so pričele prevzemati tudi vodstvene funkcije v oboroženih silah
Žitnica Slovenije: genealogija metonimije in njena vloga pri gradnji naroda
No full textThis article traces the genealogy and nation-building role of the metonymy “breadbasket of Slovenia” as applied to the Prekmurje region. Located in northeastern Slovenia, Prekmurje has often been portrayed by politicians, scientists, and journalists as the country’s breadbasket—a land of agricultural abundance that provides essential grain and foodstuffs. This designation, grounded in fertile soil, a favorable climate, and significant production of wheat, corn, and potatoes, became prominent after the region’s incorporation into the Yugoslav state following World War I.
Before 1919, the term žitnica (“breadbasket”) appeared in Slovenian print culture in a broader figurative sense, but its specific association with Prekmurje emerged in the context of Austria-Hungary’s collapse and the territorial reorganization that followed. The metonymy fulfilled a dual purpose: it served as an economic descriptor and as a symbolic instrument of national integration. Slovenian officials and intellectuals, largely unfamiliar with Prekmurje’s realities, emphasized its agricultural wealth to justify its incorporation into the Slovenian territory of the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Interwar journalism popularized the image of Prekmurje as “our breadbasket”, embedding it in the Slovenian national imagination despite the region’s persistent poverty, overpopulation, and food insecurity. This paradox—between the narrative of abundance and the lived experience of deprivation—illustrates how the breadbasket trope functioned as a tool of national integration. While obscuring structural fragilities, it fostered symbolic ownership and belonging, binding Prekmurje to the Slovenian nation. Persisting into the present, the metonymy is invoked across political and academic contexts, attesting to its ongoing significance.Ta članek obravnava genealogijo in vlogo, ki jo je imela in jo še zmeraj ima pri izgradnji naroda metonimija „žitnica Slovenije“. Prekmurje, ki leži na severovzhodu Slovenije, so politiki, znanstveniki in novinarji pogosto opisovali kot žitnico države – deželo agrarnega izobilja, ki daje najpomembnejša žita in živila. Ta naziv, utemeljen na rodovitni prsti, ugodnem podnebju in obsežni pridelavi pšenice, koruze in krompirja, se je uveljavil po vključitvi regije v jugoslovansko državo po prvi svetovni vojni.
Pred letom 1919 se je izraz žitnica v slovenski tiskani kulturi pojavljal v splošnem prenesenem pomenu, specifična povezava s Prekmurjem pa se je pojavila šele v povezavi z razpadom Avstro-Ogrske in teritorialno reorganizacijo, ki je sledila. Vloga metonimije je bila dvojna: služila je kot gospodarski opis in kot simbolni instrument nacionalne integracije. Slovenski uradniki in intelektualci, ki v glavnem niso poznali realnosti Prekmurja, so poudarjali kmetijsko bogastvo pokrajine, zato da bi upravičili njeno vključitev kot del slovenskega ozemlja v okviru novo nastale Kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev.
Medvojna publicistika je popularizirala podobo Prekmurja kot „naše žitnice“ in jo vtisnila v slovensko nacionalno imaginacijo, in to kljub trdovratni revščini, prekomerni naseljenosti in pomanjkanju hrane v tej regiji. Ta paradoks – med pripovedjo o izobilju in izkušnjo pomanjkanja – ponazarja, kako je metonimija služila kot orodje nacionalne integracije. Hkrati z zamegljevanjem strukturnih šibkosti je spodbujala simbolno apropriacijo in pripadnost, povezujoč Prekmurje s slovensko nacijo. Metonimija je še zmeraj v rabi: zasledimo jo v političnih in akademskih kontekstih, kar odraža njeno aktualnost
Laško (1941-1945): Andrej Mavri: Laško pod kljukastim križem. Slovenske Konjice: Grafoplast, 2016. 312 strani.
No full text"Bil je res vzoren učitelj, celo od Slomšeka čislan": Peter Musi in njegov vpliv na razvoj Šoštanja
No full textŠoštanj has a rich history, owing to the many famous persons who were born or who worked in this town. In addition to the Vošnjak family, the Fran Mayer family, the famous and prize-winning gardener Alojz Kojc, sculptor Ivan Napotnik and poet Karl Destonik-Kajuh, it is necessary to mention Peter Musi (1799-1875), famous teacher, librarian, writer and savings-bank owner, who had a major influence on the cultural development of Šoštanj and later on the work of the Vošnjak brothers. Over 140 years have passed since his death, so the article will build on fragments to try and reconstruct Musi and his life.Šoštanj, majhno mestece na današnjem spodnjem Štajerskem se lahko ponaša z bogato zgodovino, katero so ustvarile velike osebnosti, ki so se rodile ali pa delovale v tem kraju. Ob družinah Vošnjakov, družini Frana Mayerja, znanega in odlikovanega vrtnarja Alojza Kojca, kiparja Ivana Napotnika, pesnika Karla Destovnika – Kajuha, je potrebno omeniti tudi Petra Musija (1799 – 1875), znanega pedagoga, knjižničarja, hranilničarja in pisca, ki je v svojem življenju močno vplival na kulturni razvoj Šoštanja in na kasnejše delovanje bratov Vošnjakov. Od njegove smrti je minilo že več kot 140 let, zato ga skozi drobce objavljene v članku tudi rekonstruiramo
»V tistih dneh ni bilo nobenega reda in je vsak delal, kar je hotel.«: Kako je preiskava poštnega vagona št. 10 povzročila tridesetletni zamik pričetka predavanj psihologije na Slovenskem
No full textThe author describes a judicial inquiry into the financial embezzlement after First Lieutenant Mihajlo Rostohar and Sergeant Franc Bar inspected a railroad mail car at the Ljubljana Railway Station on the night between 1st and 2nd November 1918, confiscating some cash. The article describes various testimonies and hearings, analyzing official and unofficial documents that shed light on the situation at the time, which one of the witnesses described as follows: “There was complete chaos at the time and everyone was doing as they pleased.” After a one-year investigation, two suspects were identified: the former First Lieutenant Mihajlo Rostohar and the former Sergeant Franc Bar. Given that it was not possible to prove any of the two guilty beyond reasonable doubt, the prosecution ended. A direct consequence of the investigation was that Mihajlo Rostohar’s application to be appointed Professor of Psychology at the Ljubljana faculty was rejected.Avtor opisuje, kako je potekala sodna preiskava zaradi poneverbe denarja, do katere je prišlo ob tem, ko je nadporočnik Mihajlo Rostohar ob asistenci narednika Franca Bara v noči s 1. na 2. november 1918 na ljubljanskem kolodvoru preiskal poštni vagon in zaplenil določena denarna sredstva. Pri tem so opisana različna pričevanja oz. zaslišanja in povzeta vsebina uradnih in zasebnih dokumentov, ki odslikujejo razmere časa, o katerem je eden od pričevalcev izjavil: »V tistih dneh ni bilo nobenega reda in je vsak delal, kar je hotel«. Po enoletni preiskavi se je izkazalo, da sta osumljeni dve osebi – bivši nadporočnik Mihajlo Rostohar in bivši narednik Franc Bar. Ker ni bilo mogoče nedvoumno dokazati nobenemu od njiju, da je bil prav on storilec, se je pregon zoper oba ustavil. Posledice preiskave so se pokazale v tem, da je bila kandidatura Mihajla Rostoharja za profesorja psihologije na ljubljanski fakulteti zavrnjena