724 research outputs found
M. Wykes, B. Gunter "The Media & Body Image"
No full textLa recensione al libro di Maggie Wykes e Barrie Gunter "The Media & Body Image" sottolinea come la rappresentazione mediatica di un corpo femminile sempre bellissimo, tonico e snello possa influenzare in senso negativo la percezione del prorpio corpo delle adolescenti. Dalla ricca rassegna di ricerche presentata nel volume emerge una forte discrepanza tra il sé percepito e il sé ideale: la maggioranza delle adolescenti è insoddisfatta della propria forma corporea, si considera sovrappeso e desidererebbe essere più magra. Gli autori si spingono inoltre ad ipotizzare una correlazione - benché ancora non comprovata empiricamente - tra la rappresentazione idealizzata del corpo femminile fornita dai media e disturbi alimentari come l'anoressia e la bulimia
THE SCORE: Participatory Theatre for Sexual Health Education in First Nations Communities AIATSIS Report
No full textTHE SCORE is an innovative, inclusive, and flexible health promotion and education model that supports young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to develop respectful sexual relationships, consider how their choices affect their own well-being and that of others, and understand and protect their sexual health and reproductive rights. The model has been developed through robust community engagement, strong artistic leadership from Kamarra Bell-Wykes, and a partnership between ILBIJERRI Theatre Company and the University of Melbourne (through experienced applied theatre scholar, Dr Sarah Woodland). The model privileges First Nations knowledges and cultural approaches, community engagement, and capacity building. As such, THE SCORE adopts best practice principles in addressing health inequity among First Nations young people and communities that include developing holistic, strengths-based, place-based sexual health education that has lasting impact
Centaurus A: constraints on the nature of the giant lobe filaments from XMM-Newton observations
No full textWe report on deep XMM-Newton observations of the vertex filament in the southern giant lobe of the Fanaroff–Riley class I radio galaxy Centaurus A. We find no X-ray excess from the filament region and place a 3? upper limit on the 1 keV flux density of the filament of 9.6 nJy. This directly constrains the electron density and magnetic field strength in the filament. For the first time in an individual filament, we show that so long as the particle index ?2, the excess in synchrotron emissivity cannot be produced purely by excess electrons: the filament magnetic field strength must be higher than in the giant lobes as a whole, and close to or above the equipartition value for the filament. The filaments are not significantly overpressured with respect to the surrounding lobe with a pressure provided by relativistic electrons
Acceptability of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textBackground Acceptability is an important factor for predicting intervention use and potential treatment outcomes in psychosocial interventions. Cognitive remediation (CR) improves cognition and functioning in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but its acceptability, and the impact of participants and treatment characteristics, remain to be investigated. Few studies provide a direct measure of acceptability, but treatment drop-out rates are often available and represent a valid surrogate. Method The systematic search conducted for the most comprehensive CR outcomes database for schizophrenia was updated in December 2020. Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials comparing CR with any other control condition in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and that also reported drop-out in treatment and control arms separately. Acceptability was measured as odd-ratios (OR) of drop-out. Results Of 2119 identified reports, 151 studies, reporting 169 comparisons between CR and control interventions with 10 477 participants were included in the analyses. The overall rate of drop-out was 16.58% for CR programs and 15.21% for control conditions. In the meta-analysis, no difference emerged between CR interventions and controls [OR 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-1.25, p = 0.177]. Factors improving acceptability were: inpatient only recruitment, participants with fewer years of education and lower premorbid IQ, the presence of all CR core elements, and the presence of techniques to transfer cognitive gains into real-world functioning. Conclusions CR for people diagnosed with schizophrenia is effective and has a good acceptability profile, similar to that of other evidence-based psychosocial interventions
Investigating subjective cognitive complaints in psychosis: Introducing the brief scale to Investigate cognition in schizophrenia (SSTICS-Brief)
No full textBackground: Cognitive difficulties are a core deficit for people with schizophrenia and are generally assessed with neuropsychological tests. Self-report assessments are also useful in understanding difficulties from the service user’s perspective. This study aims to introduce and test the shorter version of the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) to improve its acceptability and comprehensibility. Methods: In consultation with service users and clinicians, we identified items from the original 21-item SSTICS that were found difficult and these were excluded. The reduced scale was explored with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in two independent samples in the UK and Canada. Convergent validity with symptoms and IQ was assessed and compared between the original and the reduced scale. Results: Six-hundred and seven people with schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis took part in this study. Seven items were removed to produce the SSTICS-Brief. This had good reliability and the CFA confirmed a unidimensional structure. Convergent validity with symptoms and IQ were optimal between the long and short versions. Conclusions: The SSTICS-B has better acceptability than its longer form and could be administered in less time. The resulting measure is likely to be a valuable short self-assessment of cognitive complaints for people with schizophrenia
Effectiveness, Core Elements, and Moderators of Response of Cognitive Remediation for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
No full textImportance: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, with negative consequences on functional outcomes. Although cognitive remediation (CR) is effective and mentioned in treatment guidance for schizophrenia, its active ingredients and ideal candidates are still debated. Objective: To provide a comprehensive update on CR effectiveness for cognition and functioning in schizophrenia and analyze the core ingredients of efficacy and role of patient characteristics. Data Sources: The reference list of the last comprehensive meta-analysis in 2011 was screened against eligibility criteria. Then, electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo) were systematically searched for articles published from January 2011 to February 2020. Reference lists of included articles and relevant reviews were hand searched, and Google Scholar was manually inspected. Study Selection: Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials comparing CR with any other control condition in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (with an unrestricted clinical status). Screening was performed by at least 2 independent reviewers. Data Extraction and Synthesis: The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Study data were independently extracted and pooled using random-effect models. Cohen d was used to measure outcomes. Trial methodological quality was evaluated with the Clinical Trials Assessment Measure. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcomes were changes in global cognition and overall functioning from baseline to after treatment, subsequently investigated through metaregressions, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses based on prespecified hypotheses, to identify potential moderators of response associated with treatment modality and patient characteristics. Results: Of 1815 identified reports, 358 full texts were assessed and 194 reports on 130 studies were included. Based on 130 studies with 8851 participants, CR was effective on cognition (d, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.24-0.34]) and functioning (d, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.16-0.29]). An active and trained therapist (cognition: χ21, 4.14; P =.04; functioning: χ21, 4.26; P =.04), structured development of cognitive strategies (cognition: χ21, 9.34; P =.002; functioning: χ21, 8.12; P =.004), and integration with psychosocial rehabilitation (cognition: χ21, 5.66; functioning: χ21, 12.08) were crucial ingredients of efficacy. Patients with fewer years of education (global cognition: coefficient, -0.055 [95% CI, -0.103 to -0.006]; P =.03; global functioning: coefficient, -0.061 [95% CI, -0.112 to -0.011]; P =.02), lower premorbid IQ (global functioning: coefficient, -0.013 [-0.025 to -0.001]; P =.04), and higher baseline symptom severity (global cognition: coefficient, 0.006 [95% CI, 0.002 to 0.010]; P =.005) emerged as optimal candidates. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings show that CR is an evidence-based intervention that should be included consistently into clinical guidelines for the treatment of individuals with schizophrenia and implemented more widely in clinical practice.
Enrichment of germanium and associated arsenic and tungsten in coal and roll-front uranium deposits
No full textAbstract not availableBarbara Etschmann, Weihua Liu, Kan Li, Shifeng Dai, Frank Reith, Donna Falconer, Gemma Kerr, David Paterson, Daryl Howard, Peter Kappen, Jeremy Wykes, Joël Brugge
- …
