68 research outputs found
K-Metro Domination Number of Slanting Ladder Graph
No full textA “dominating set D of a graph G = G(V, E) is called Metro dominating set of G. If for every pair of vertices u, v there exists a vertex in D such that d(u,w) ≠ d(v, w). The K-Metro domination number of slanting ladder graph (ꝩβk (S(Ln))), is the order of smallest K-dominating set of S(Ln) which serves as a matric set. In this paper we calculate K-Metro domination number of slanting ladder graph (ꝩβk (S(Ln)))
K-Metro domination number of slanting ladder graph
Get PDFA “dominating set D of a graph G = G(V, E) is called Metro dominating set of G. If for every pair of vertices u, v there exists a vertex in D such that d(u,w) ≠ d(v, w). The K-Metro domination number of slanting ladder graph (ꝩβk (S(Ln))), is the order of smallest K-dominating set of S(Ln) which serves as a matric set. In this paper we calculate K-Metro domination number of slanting ladder graph (ꝩβk (S(Ln)))
Self-organisation of bacteria through swarming
No full textSwarming is a unique example of social behaviour in bacteria. They represent the collective
effort of bacteria to translocate on moist substrates. The bacteria extract fluid from the
substrate through osmosis and produces surfactants to ease the spreading of the extracted
fluid, thereby colonising the substrate. The spreading colony forms distinct patterns specific to
the swarming species. We are interested in understanding the local interaction that leads to
colony-level patterns. In specific we study the self-organisation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
into long sparse branches as they swarm.
We probe the swarm behaviour in complex environments such as physical obstacles, multiple
colonies in close proximity, antibiotics and foreign bacteria. We propose a complete model for
bacterial pattern formation by coupling active bacterial motility to passive fluid dynamics. We
have verified the qualitative similarity of the patterns obtained in the simulations with that of
experiments implying the model captures most of the dominant forces that determine the
swarm behaviour. We have studied the variation of patterns in different nutrient and substrate
conditions and have verified that the model can account for such changes.
We also study the behaviour of swarm on inclined surfaces. The swarm behaves like a fluid
drop that quickly de-pins to slide down the surface, exhibiting how bacteria can use gravity to
transport themselves on inclined surfaces quickly. We experimentally show that the osmosis
dynamics plays a major role here and agrees well with the simulation using our model.
The swarms' response to the antibiotic in preliminary experiments showed that the bacteria in
the swarm could steer the direction of the branch, possibly away from the antibiotic. In addition
to the change in direction, we observe that the bacterial tips merge to form aggregates of high
cell density. The aggregation, instead of escaping from the region of high concentration of
antibiotic, is non-intuitive. We study the response for different classes of antibiotics and see
that the response may be unique to the aminoglycosides. We find that there are live bacteria
in the aggregate, and the individual bacteria are not resistant to the antibiotic, which tells us
that the aggregation is offering the group a survival advantage and questions the efficacy of
antibiotic in the presence of such social behaviour of the swarm. We propose a plausible
mechanism to explain the enhanced survivability of the high-density bacterial aggregations.
We inspect the swarm at the single-cell level to understand the hydrodynamic forces at play.
The high density of bacteria in a swarm makes it difficult to track the behaviour of cells at this
level for a long duration and using a laser beam for fluorescence needed for tagging the
bacteria also affects the swarm adversely to the extent of inhibiting this behaviour. The singlecell
studies have thus only been used to measure a few experimental parameters and verify
the assumptions used in our model.
We have therefore studied the swarm in different environmental conditions and have verified
that our model can predict its behaviour in most of the conditions. We also show scenarios
where our model fails and suggest ways to improve the model for future work
Ensemble Learning on Deep Neural Networks for Image Caption Generation
Get PDFabstract: Capturing the information in an image into a natural language sentence is
considered a difficult problem to be solved by computers. Image captioning involves not just detecting objects from images but understanding the interactions between the objects to be translated into relevant captions. So, expertise in the fields of computer vision paired with natural language processing are supposed to be crucial for this purpose. The sequence to sequence modelling strategy of deep neural networks is the traditional approach to generate a sequential list of words which are combined to represent the image. But these models suffer from the problem of high variance by not being able to generalize well on the training data.
The main focus of this thesis is to reduce the variance factor which will help in generating better captions. To achieve this, Ensemble Learning techniques have been explored, which have the reputation of solving the high variance problem that occurs in machine learning algorithms. Three different ensemble techniques namely, k-fold ensemble, bootstrap aggregation ensemble and boosting ensemble have been evaluated in this thesis. For each of these techniques, three output combination approaches have been analyzed. Extensive experiments have been conducted on the Flickr8k dataset which has a collection of 8000 images and 5 different captions for every image. The bleu score performance metric, which is considered to be the standard for evaluating natural language processing (NLP) problems, is used to evaluate the predictions. Based on this metric, the analysis shows that ensemble learning performs significantly better and generates more meaningful captions compared to any of the individual models used.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Software Engineering 201
Reviving liver health with ayurveda: a systematic review of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease management
Get PDFLiver diseases (Yakrit Roga) constitute a global health concern. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which exhibits a global prevalence of 25%, is on the rise, raising significant concerns regarding its impact on global health. NAFLD results in the accumulation of triglycerides and unbound fatty acids within the hepatic tissue. This systematic literature review presents a comprehensive examination of the restoration of liver health in individuals with NAFLD through the principles of Ayurveda. It analysed the results in this discipline from its inception in 2016 to the latest research published in recent years. utilizing PubMed and Scopus, employing specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is existing evidence regarding both the safety and effectiveness of Ayurvedic interventions along in the treatment of NAFLD. The combined effects of Triphala Guggulu and Arogyavardhini Vaṭi in combination with Pathya (Ayurvedic diet and exercise) showed promising combination. Physical exercise and dietary management are the principal methods for regulating the progression of NAFLD and significantly elevates the probability of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, (NASH) cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma
Variability and Heritability Studies for Horticultural Traits in Ridge Gourd [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.]
Get PDFRidge gourd is an important cucurbit cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of India as well as other parts of the world, especially for its green long fruits, consumed as vegetable. Genetic variability and penetrance of favourable characters to the progenies are two important factors in the success of any crop improvement programme. Therefore the present study was conducted with 25 genotypes of ridge gourd collected from different sources and their evaluation for growth parameters, fruit yield and yield contributing traits using Randomized Block Design at College of Horticulture, Mysuru, Karnataka during Kharif, 2015. The results indicated significant variability among the genotypes studied for all traits observed except for seed test weight. Considerable variability was found for fruit yield per plant (0.297 kg -1.83 Kg), with IC-92638 and ArkaSujath being the highest yielders. Number of fruits per plant varied from 1.60 (Ghataprabha Local) to 8.0 (IC-92638). High values of Phenotypic co-efficient (PCV) and genotypic co-efficient (GCV) of variation were observed for fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, vine length and for seed yield per plant. These traits also exhibited high heritability coupled with high values of genetic advance expressed over per cent of mean, suggesting the possibility of improvement in these traits through simple selections. However, the earliness traits viz., days to 50% female flowering, days to first harvest, and fruit size in terms of length and fruit diameter exhibited moderate values of GCV and PCV along with moderate levels of heritability and genetics advance
Comparative study of labetalol and nifedipine in management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
Get PDFBackground: Hypertensive disorders complicate 5 to 10 percent of all pregnancies, and together they are one member of the deadly triad, of haemorrhage and infection.Methods: The Present study was conducted at Navodaya Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur from January 2014 to December 2015. The efficacy of labetalol verses nifedipine in management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was studied. The study consisted of 100 antenatal patients irrespective of parity and gestational age from 20-40weeks patients, with severe PIH with imminent eclampsia. Heart diseases, Hematological disorders, Liver diseases renal diseases and Bronchial asthma were excluded from the study.Results: In the study, fall in mean arterial pressure of >20mm Hg was noted 6hrs after initiation of treatment in nifedipine group which is statistically significant; no statistical significance was observed in both groups at 12hrs. A fall of mean arterial pressure to normal was noted at 48hrs and 72 hrs in labetalol, which is statistically highly significant.Conclusions: The present study indicates labetalol to be a better anti-hypertensive in terms of control of hypertension, mode of vaginal delivery and fetal outcome
Influence of an atomic resonance on the coherent control of the photoionization process
Get PDFIn coherent control schemes, pathways connecting an initial and a final state can be independently controlled by manipulating the complex amplitudes of their transition matrix elements. For paths characterized by the absorption of multiple photons, these quantities depend on the magnitude and phase between the intermediate steps, and are expected to be strongly affected by the presence of resonances. We investigate the coherent control of the photoemission process in neon using a phase-controlled two-color extreme ultraviolet pulse with frequency in proximity of an excited energy state. Using helium as a reference, we show that the presence of such a resonance in neon modifies the amplitude and phase of the asymmetric emission of photoelectrons. Theoretical simulations based on perturbation theory are in fair agreement with the experimental observations
Discovery of a Dense Association of Stars in the Vicinity of the Supermassive Black Hole Sgr A*
No full textWe focus on a sample of 42 sources in the vicinity of the bow-shock source IRS 1W (N-source region), located at a distance of 6.″05 northeast of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), within the radius of 1.″35. We present the first proper-motion measurements of N sources and find that a larger subset of N sources (28 sources) exhibit a north–west (NW) flying angle. These sources can be bound by an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) or the concentration that we observe is due to a disk-like distribution projection along the line of sight. We detect the N sources in the H , K s , and L′bands. The NW-ward flying sources could be a bound collection of stars. We discuss the tentative existence of an IMBH or an inclined disk distribution to explain the significant overdensity of stars. The first scenario of having an IMBH implies the lower limit of ∼10 4 M ⊙ for the putative IMBH. Our measurements for the first time reveal that the dense association of stars containing IRS 1W is a comoving group of massive, young stars. This stellar association might be the remnant core of a massive stellar cluster that is currently being tidally stripped as it inspirals toward Sgr A*. The second scenario suggests that the appearance of the N sources might be influenced by the projection of a disk-like distribution of younger He-stars and/or dust-enshrouded stars
The bioconjugates of curcumin, zingerone and [6]-shogaol with low molecular weight chitosan: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro anticancer activity in HepG2 cells
No full textThe synthesis of bioconjugates of curcumin, zingerone, and [6]-shogaol with low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) is presented. The unconjugated forms of these compounds exhibit low water solubility, poor stability, limited bioavailability, and low target specificity, whereas the synthetic conjugates demonstrate improved physical properties. The synthesis was achieved by forming succinates & then reacting with LMWC. They were characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM and DLS analysis. The hydrophilicity of bio-conjugates was found to be 10.66 mg/mL for C-LMWC, 17.67 mg/mL for Z-LMWC, and 11.59 mg/mL for S- LMWC. The bioconjugates exhibited enhanced stability compared to the individual compounds. In vitro release
studies indicated a rapid release at pH 5.0 and a slower release at pH 7.4, which is favorable for cancer thera-
peutic applications. Additionally, the anticancer activity of the bioconjugates was evaluated using a cytotoxicity
assay on the liver cancer cell line HepG2, displaying IC50 values of 14.01 μg/mL for C-LMWC, 82.53 μg/mL for Z-
LMWC, and 9.07 μg/mL for S-LMWC. LMWC is superior to chitosan due to its hydrophilicity & low viscosity. The
LMWC conjugates exhibited better solubility, stability and control release of bioactives. The study highlights a
better anticancer activity of LMWC-conjugates compared to the native forms
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