1,720,981 research outputs found
COVID 19: Implications for the economy
No full textCovid-19 has been one of the most important developments in the 21st century globally. Apart from claiming millions of lives (see chapter 10 of this book), it has had a profound impact on economies around the world, both at a micro and macro level. At a micro level, it affected numerous businesses, including their international activity. Global value chains have been disrupted by lockdowns presenting new challenges to international sourcing and sales (see chapters 1 and 2). The impact of the pandemic was particularly high in tourism and hospitality. This in turn was reflected in the financial situation of businesses from this sector but also by regions relying on tourism and hospitality as their major sources of income (see chapter 6). At a macro level, effects of Covid-19 led to numerous policy interventions aimed at minimizing its impact on economies and societies (chapter 7). When international linkages are considered, the effects of the pandemic were experienced in global trade and financial flows (chapters 8, 9). It remains to be seen how long lasting these effects will be, although besides the direct effects we need to observe the indirect ones, where the pandemic could have impacted the world indirectly by triggering new challenges, both in the economic realm, such as the inflationary pressures that we are currently experiencing, and in the geopolitical realm where the pandemic has accelerated certain processes and conflicts. Although by the end of 2022 the Covid-19 pandemic appears to be fading and the world is beginning to return to normal (chapter 3) we should not forget to draw conclusions from the dramatic consequences of this pandemic, especially as future pandemics cannot be excluded. Hopefully, this volume can offer insights that can help us to prepare better for such an unwelcome but not impossible future
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Recenzja książki: Elżbieta Bombińska, Modele świadczenia usług w handlu międzynarodowym
No full textIt is vital to recognise the author’s selection of subject matter as appropriate and significant as it pertains to a crucial aspect within the two foremost global economic megatrends: globalisation and regional integration. As is commonly known, generally speaking, these megatrends revolve around the notable growth in economic connections between nations around the world and in various regions. In addition, with the dynamic and non-linear growth in the flow of goods, capital, technology, knowledge and the mobility of people, services play a crucial role as an integral component that contributes to these evolving dynamics. According to the author (p. 12), the growth rate of trade in services has far exceeded that of trade in goods in the past three decades. For instance, while the volume of trade in goods increased fourfold between 1995 and 2018, the value of global trade in services witnessed a fivefold increase. The reasons behind this phenomenon can be attributed to both internal and external factors. Internally, rapid economic development in several market-oriented countries after World War II resulted in increased prosperity, shifting consumption patterns, and a rise in the demand for services. This demand was also driven by the need to manage leisure time and address the ageing populations. Externally, a combination of technical, technological, economic, political, and socioeconomic conditions contributed to the complex landscape of exogenous factors influencing this trend. However, despite societies becoming more focused on providing services internally, the share of services in international trade has not increased. In 2018, the service sector accounted for two- thirds of global GDP and almost 60% of jobs, but according to balance of payments statistics, it only generated about 24% of the value of global trade. The author of the paper highlights this paradox, pointing to reasons such as the development of invisible IT services in cross-border trade and official restrictions on them, and argues that the fundamental issue lies in the underestimation of global trade in services, which is a result of how it is defined and measured.It is vital to recognise the author’s selection of subject matter as appropriate and significant as it pertains to a crucial aspect within the two foremost global economic megatrends: globalisation and regional integration. As is commonly known, generally speaking, these megatrends revolve around the notable growth in economic connections between nations around the world and in various regions. In addition, with the dynamic and non-linear growth in the flow of goods, capital, technology, knowledge and the mobility of people, services play a crucial role as an integral component that contributes to these evolving dynamics. According to the author (p. 12), the growth rate of trade in services has far exceeded that of trade in goods in the past three decades. For instance, while the volume of trade in goods increased fourfold between 1995 and 2018, the value of global trade in services witnessed a fivefold increase. The reasons behind this phenomenon can be attributed to both internal and external factors. Internally, rapid economic development in several market-oriented countries after World War II resulted in increased prosperity, shifting consumption patterns, and a rise in the demand for services. This demand was also driven by the need to manage leisure time and address the ageing populations. Externally, a combination of technical, technological, economic, political, and socioeconomic conditions contributed to the complex landscape of exogenous factors influencing this trend. However, despite societies becoming more focused on providing services internally, the share of services in international trade has not increased. In 2018, the service sector accounted for two- thirds of global GDP and almost 60% of jobs, but according to balance of payments statistics, it only generated about 24% of the value of global trade. The author of the paper highlights this paradox, pointing to reasons such as the development of invisible IT services in cross-border trade and official restrictions on them, and argues that the fundamental issue lies in the underestimation of global trade in services, which is a result of how it is defined and measured
Blockchain technology in health care – lessons and implications from the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to investigate possible applications of blockchain technology in the fight against the pandemic, which, among other negative consequences, has disrupted global supply chains. Bottlenecks in the supply of raw materials and intermediary products for drug production had cascading effects in other areas, causing shortages in the supply of finished products. The author shows how blockchain-based smart contracts can help improve the functioning of the health service in general, how they can be used to optimize treatment methods and make social insurance more efficient. After reviewing the key features of blockchain technology and tracking the stages of its development, from the creation of the Bitcoin virtual currency to its use in smart contracts and other applications in combination with artificial intelligence in many spheres of the economy and social life, the presentation focuses on the use of blockchain in the management of medical records and its role in securing the stability of supplies of medicines and medical equipment
The Impact of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Corporate Marketing
Get PDFTheoretical background: The transformation of marketing that has been taking place for the last 150 years involves the gradual change of its concept, strategy and operational activity models to meet the manifested challenges and the future development trends. The main factors that determine the evolutionary change in corporate marketing include the development of production technique and technology, organization and management processes, and the monetization of goods and services. Another factor includes changes in the environment of enterprises, primarily related to the processes of globalization and to the behaviour, tastes and preferences of consumers. Paradoxically, having affected almost the entire globalized world, the COVID-19 pandemic has become the catalyst for the processes of marketing transformation. The impact of these factors on marketing was the basis for distinguishing four stages in its development, i.e. Marketing 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0. This classification is parallel to the one related to industrial revolutions described as Industrial Revolution 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0.Purpose of the article: The identification of the main factors of the corporate marketing transformation and the assessment of their impact and effects on the changing ideas, tools and forms increasingly based on digitization and artificial intelligence.Research methods: the Author was motivated to undertake the research in question by the lack of systematic and comprehensive studies capturing the impact on marketing of the effects of industrial revolutions and the deriving changes in the corporate environment and the preferences and tastes of consumers, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. The Author used the previous research findings included in various studies (periodical, thematic and online) and conducted their critical analysis and synthesis, and supplemented those with his own reflections. The result of the above was the formulation of a thesis about a close relationship between the development of the techniques and technology of manufacturing, changes in the macro environment of entities as well as the needs and tastes of consumers , and the COVID-19 pandemic and the evolution of marketing. Main conclusions: Over the last 150 years there have been revolutionary changes in the corporate marketing. The main drivers of change included four industrial revolutions, the transformation of the corporate environment as well as of consumer needs and preferences, and the COVID-19 pandemic. They resulted in the gradual development of marketing from the stage defined as Marketing 1.0 through 2.0, 3.0 to 4.0. This last stage is taking place today and is characterized by a plethora of innovative forms. It has been subject to further transformations together with the progress in the implementation of inventions related to the Industrial Revolution 4.0.Theoretical justification: The transformation of marketing that has been taking place for the last one hundred and fifty years involves the gradual change of its concept, strategy and operational activity models to meet the manifested challenges and the future development trends. The main factors that determine the evolutionary change in corporate marketing include the development of production technique and technology, organization and management processes, and the monetization of goods and services. Another factor includes changes in the environment of enterprises, primarily related to the processes of globalization and to the behaviour, tastes and preferences of consumers. Paradoxically, having affected almost the entire globalized world, the Covid-19 Pandemic has become the catalyst for the processes of marketing transformation. The impact of these factors on marketing was the basis for distinguishing four stages in its development, i.e. Marketing 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0. This classification is parallel to the one related to industrial revolutions described as Industrial Revolution 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0. Purpose of the article: The identification of the main factors of the corporate marketing transformation and the assessment of their impact and effects on the changing ideas, tools and forms increasingly based on digitization and artificial intelligence. Research methods: the Author was motivated to undertake the research in question by the lack of systematic and comprehensive studies capturing the impact on marketing of the effects of industrial revolutions and the deriving changes in the corporate environment and the preferences and tastes of consumers, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. The Author used the previous research findings included in various studies (periodical, thematic and online) and conducted their critical analysis and synthesis, and supplemented those with his own reflections. The result of the above was the formulation of a thesis about a close relationship between the development of the techniques and technology of manufacturing, changes in the macro environment of entities as well as the needs and tastes of consumers , and the COVID-19 pandemic and the evolution of marketing. From the stage of focusing on product management, defined as marketing 1.0, it moved stage 2.0 based on the use of innovative information and communication technologies and focusing on consumers, and then to marketing 3.0 that took into account the cultural, social, spiritual and ecological aspects of consumer behaviour, and finally to marketing 4.0. The last stage of marketing utilises the base of the previous ones while focusing more intensely on building lasting ties with consumers, their participation in the creation of personalized products, multi-channel communication with them, strategy diversification and the greatest possible use of digital tools and artificial intelligence. Main conclusions: Over the last 150 years there have been revolutionary changes in the corporate marketing. The main drivers of change included four industrial revolutions, the transformation of the corporate environment as well as of consumer needs and preferences, and the COVID-19 pandemic. They resulted in the gradual development of marketing from the stage defined as Marketing 1.0 through 2.0, 3.0 to 4.0. This last stage is taking place today and is characterized by a plethora of innovative forms. It has been subject to further transformations together with the progress in the implementation of inventions related to the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Its increasing digitization results in the deepening of the relationship between producers achieving their income and consumers whose needs are better satisfied. Marketing 4.0 utilises the inventions of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 and 4.0 in order to obtain the best possible communication with consumers and at the same time seeks to achieve universal acceptance by adhering to ecological and social standards. Advances in digitization of marketing have been accelerated by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In technical and technological terms, the transformation of marketing means the gradual development of its digitization and the application of artificial intelligence. From the social perspective, however, it is a shift from focusing on the product to positioning the consumer, a community member sensitive to the dangers of globalization and having both physical and spiritual needs, in the centre of its attention
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