229 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - Spousal Cognitive Status and Risk for Declining Cognitive Function and Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
No full textSupplemental Material for Spousal Cognitive Status and Risk for Declining Cognitive Function and Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study by Mark Lee, Ryan T. Demmer, Anna Kucharska-Newton, B. Gwen Windham, Priya Palta, Tetyana Shippee, Pamela L. Lutsey in Journal of Aging and Health.</p
Invited Commentary: The Microbiome and Population Health—Considerations for Enhancing Study Design and Data Analysis in Observational and Interventional Epidemiology
No full textSupporting_Information_File.xlsx
No full textData on plasma TMAO and outcomes of baseline fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, visit 2 fasting plasma glucose and Hba1
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in periodontitis.
No full textBACKGROUND
Several biologically plausible mechanisms have been proposed to mediate the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD), including adverse effects on vascular endothelial function. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) are known to contribute to vascular repair, but limited data are available regarding the relationship between cEPC levels and periodontitis. The aims of this cross-sectional study are to investigate the levels of hemangioblastic and monocytic cEPCs in patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls and to associate cEPC levels with the extent and severity of periodontitis.
METHODS
A total of 112 individuals (56 patients with periodontitis and 56 periodontally healthy controls, aged 26 to 65 years; mean age: 43 years) were enrolled. All participants underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination and provided a blood sample. Hemangioblastic cEPCs were assessed using flow cytometry, and monocytic cEPCs were identified using immunohistochemistry in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. cEPC levels were analyzed in the entire sample, as well as in a subset of 50 pairs of patients with periodontitis/periodontally healthy controls, matched with respect to age, sex, and menstrual cycle.
RESULTS
Levels of hemangioblastic cEPCs were approximately 2.3-fold higher in patients with periodontitis than periodontally healthy controls, after adjustments for age, sex, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index (P = 0.001). A non-significant trend for higher levels of monocytic cEPCs in periodontitis was also observed. The levels of hemangioblastic cEPCs were positively associated with the extent of bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss. Hemangioblastic and monocytic cEPC levels were not correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.03, P = 0.77), suggesting that they represent independent populations of progenitor cells.
CONCLUSION
These findings further support the notion that oral infections have extraoral effects and document that periodontitis is associated with a mobilization of EPCs from the bone marrow, apparently in response to systemic inflammation and endothelial injury
Highly perturbed genes and hub genes associated with type 2 diabetes in different tissues of adult humans : a bioinformatics analytic workflow
No full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) has a complex etiology which is not yet fully elucidated. The identification of gene perturbations and hub genes of T2D may deepen our understanding of its genetic basis. We aimed to identify highly perturbed genes and hub genes associated with T2D via an extensive bioinformatics analytic workflow consisting of five steps: systematic review of Gene Expression Omnibus and associated literature; identification and classification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs); identification of highly perturbed genes via meta-analysis; identification of hub genes via network analysis; and downstream analysis of highly perturbed genes and hub genes. Three meta-analytic strategies, random effects model, vote-counting approach, and p value combining approach, were applied. Hub genes were defined as those nodes having above-average betweenness, closeness, and degree in the network. Downstream analyses included gene ontologies, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, metabolomics, COVID-19-related gene sets, and Genotype-Tissue Expression profiles. Analysis of 27 eligible microarrays identified 6284 DEGs (4592 downregulated and 1692 upregulated) in four tissue types. Tissue-specific gene expression was significantly greater than tissue non-specific (shared) gene expression. Analyses revealed 79 highly perturbed genes and 28 hub genes. Downstream analyses identified enrichments of shared genes with certain other diabetes phenotypes; insulin synthesis and action-related pathways and metabolomics; mechanistic associations with apoptosis and immunity-related pathways; COVID-19-related gene sets; and cell types demonstrating over- and under-expression of marker genes of T2D. Our approach provided valuable insights on T2D pathogenesis and pathophysiological manifestations. Broader utility of this pipeline beyond T2D is envisaged
Beneficial Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Periodontitis are Vitamin D Associated.
No full textBackground: Possible synergism between female sex hormones and vitamin D on periodontitis pathology has not been assessed. Here, we investigate effects of estrogen, progesterone and vitamin D on periodontitis in a population-based sample and use cell studies to explore mechanistic explanations of the population-based findings. Methods: The epidemiological analysis utilizes cross-sectional data from the continuous NHANES 2001-2004. The cross-sections include n=1,230 women aged 40-85 who received a periodontal examination, responded to questions regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and provided a blood sample for serum vitamin D assessments. For mechanistic cell culture studies, human monocytes were cultured with or without LPS, estradiol, progesterone and/or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and transcriptional activity of IL-6, IL-1β, BLC and RANTES was assessed. Results: HRT use (vs. none) was associated with higher attachment levels and more teeth only among vitamin D sufficient (>20 ng/ml) participants. The odds ratio for having moderate/severe periodontitis among HRT vs. non-HRT users was 0.69 among vitamin D sufficient participants and 1.19 in vitamin D deficient subjects. LPS-induced IL-6, IL-1β and BLC expression was attenuated in human monocytes treated with estrogen and progesterone. Down-regulation of IL-6 expression by estrogen and progesterone was potentiated when vitamin D was included. LPS-induced IL-6 and RANTES expression was decreased, and BLC expression was totally reversed, by vitamin D treatment. Conclusion: Maximal beneficial effects of HRT on periodontitis are associated with high vitamin D levels. This effect is plausibly mediated via an anti-inflammatory transcriptional mechanism
The relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque in the Northern Manhattan Study.
No full textCarotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque (CP) are proposed biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis associated with stroke risk. Whether cIMT and CP are distinct phenotypes or single traits at different stages of atherosclerotic development is unclear. We explored the relationship between these markers in the population-based Northern Manhattan Study.
We used high-resolution ultrasound and validated imaging protocols to study the cross-sectional (N = 1788 stroke-free participants) and prospective relationship (N = 768 with follow-up scan; mean years between examinations = 3.5) between CP and cIMT measured in plaque-free areas.
The mean age was 66 ± 9 (40% male, 19% black, 17% white, 61% Hispanic). The mean baseline cIMT was 0.92 ± 0.09 mm, 0.94 ± 0.09 mm among the 58% with prevalent plaque, 0.90 ± 0.08 mm among the 42% without prevalent plaque (p < 0.0001). Each 0.1 mm increase in baseline cIMT was associated with a 1.72-fold increased odds of plaque presence (95%CI = 1.50–1.97), increased plaque thickness (effect on the median = 0.46 mm, p < 0.0001), and increased plaque area (effect on the median = 3.45 mm2, p < 0.0001), adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors. Elevated baseline cIMT was associated with an increased risk of new plaque in any location at follow-up, but after adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors this association was no longer present. No association was observed in carotid segment-specific analyses.
Increased cIMT was associated with baseline prevalent plaque but did not predict incident plaque independent of other vascular risk factors. This finding suggests that increased cIMT is not an independent predictor of plaque development although these atherosclerotic phenotypes often coexist and share some common vascular determinants
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