1,721,078 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Changing children's intergroup attitudes towards stigmatised groups : testing theoretically derived prejudice-reduction interventions
Full text linkThe aim of this thesis was to design and evaluate theoretically derived prejudice- reduction interventions for children (5 to 11 years) as a means of obtaining more effective prejudice-reduction interventions and advancing psychological theories of prejudice. In the thesis, the potential contribution of psychology to the intervention literature in terms of theoretical models and methodological issues is discussed and its contribution to the intervention literature to date is analysed.
The interventions tested are multiple classification skills training and a number of versions of extended contact, which were derived from different models of inter-group contact. Interventions were evaluated using measures of out- and in-group attitude, intended behaviour, affect and implicit bias. Throughout the thesis it is hypothesised that, following the interventions, children will hold more favourable out-group attitudes. It is predicted that, of the extended contact models, the ‘inter-group’ and ‘dual identity’ versions will be the most effective. It is also hypothesised that the extended contact effect will be mediated by ‘inclusion of other in the self and perceived norms, and will be moderated by age and identity. It is expected that implicit bias will be reduced following interventions, but only in the older age group.
The results of four experimental studies are presented and the hypotheses are considered in each chapter. In summary, the findings show strong support for the use of extended contact, especially ‘dual identity’ and ‘inter-group’ extended contact, as a prejudice reduction tool in children aged 5 to 11 years. There is little support for the multiple-classification skills training intervention. Results indicate that extended contact is mediated by ‘inclusion of other in the self and is moderated by in-group identity. Perceived in-group norm does not appear to be a mediator of extended contact. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. It is concluded that by incorporating psychological theories into prejudice-reduction interventions, and by considering psychological issues in the implementation and evaluation of these interventions, this can lead to effective prejudice-reduction tools and also advance psychological theories of prejudice
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Ethnic Identity among Immigrant and Minority Youth
Full text linkThis chapter takes a social-developmental perspective that draws on both developmental and social psychological theories to discuss ethnic identity among immigrant and minority adolescents. The more variable aspects of ethnic identity are then discussed in terms of situational salience and identity enactment. Minority and immigrant youth not only belong to their ethno-religious community but are also involved in developing a sense of belonging to the society they grow up in. Research among ethnic minority youth shows that higher perceptions of discrimination indeed predict increased ethnic group identification. Survey research among late adolescent and early adult Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in some European countries showed that perceptions of discrimination were related to higher levels of religious group identification. These studies suggest that, like ethnic identity, religious identification increases in the face of discrimination. In the literature a distinction can be made between approaches that focus on the stability or variability of ethnic identity
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Can they be friends?: variability and stability of friendship choices among German and Turkish preadolescents entering ethnically heterogeneous schools
Full text linkThis thesis dealt with the question how preadolescents entering ethnically heterogeneous secondary schools make decisions about peer-group relationships. The overarching question, how cross-ethnic friendships form, was dealt with by examining: (1) the trajectory of friendship choices in newly formed school classes over the course of one school year; (2) the role of several key predictors of preference for same-ethnic friends (PSF), namely outgroup orientation, intergroup attitudes, peer norms, contact conditions, and shared identity; (3) the role of ethnic group membership in determining differences in friendship choices and in predicting PSF; (4) the stability of same- and cross-ethnic friendships; and (5) the role of empathy and peer norms in predicting the stability of cross-ethnic friendships. The main findings were: First, Turkish preadolescents showed marked PSF at the beginning of the year while German preadolescents did not. Second, the trajectories of PSF were different for German and Turkish preadolescents. While German preadolescents showed a curvilinear trend, Turkish preadolescents showed a linear downward trend. Importantly, both groups did not show significant PSF at the end of the year anymore. Further individual variation in PSF was explained by the predictor variables. Specifically, outgroup orientation, intergroup attitudes, peer norms, and perceived contact conditions helped explain observed variability among German preadolescents. Among Turkish preadolescents, intergroup attitudes, peer norms, and the time-varying effect of class identification explained variance in PSF. The analysis of friendship stability revealed that, as predicted, cross-ethnic friendships were less stable than same-ethnic friendships. It was further shown that for German but not Turkish preadolescents, empathy and positive peer norms about cross-ethnic friendships had a facilitating role in maintaining cross-ethnic friendships over a five-month-period
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Group membership matters?: effects of direct and extended cross-ethnic friendship on minority and majority children's intergroup attitudes
No full textDie vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit einigen zentralen Aspekten der Freundschafts-Intergruppeneinstellung-Assoziation, in dem folgende Aspekte untersucht werden: (1) Sowohl der Einfluss von direkter als auch von indirekter Freundschaft auf die Entwicklung von Intergruppeneinstellungen in der mittleren Kindheit; (2) die Rolle von Gruppenmitgliedschaft (z.B. sozialer Status) im Hinblick auf sowohl die Stärke von direkten als auch erweiterten Freundschaftseffekten; (3) Intergruppenangst und soziale Normen in Bezug auf Freundschaften zwischen Mitgliedern verschiedener ethnischer Gruppen als mögliche Mediatoren; und (4) Fragen der Kausalität
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