749 research outputs found
Balanced Increases in Selectivity and Tolerance Produce Constant Sparseness along the Ventral Visual Stream
No full textAlthough popular accounts suggest that neurons along the ventral visual processing stream become increasingly selective for particular objects, this appears at odds with the fact that inferior temporal cortical (IT) neurons are broadly tuned. To explore this apparent contradiction, we compared processing in two ventral stream stages (visual cortical areas V4 and IT) in the rhesus macaque monkey. We confirmed that IT neurons are indeed more selective for conjunctions of visual features than V4 neurons and that this increase in feature conjunction selectivity is accompanied by an increase in tolerance (“invariance”) to identity-preserving transformations (e.g., shifting, scaling) of those features. We report here that V4 and IT neurons are, on average, tightly matched in their tuning breadth for natural images (“sparseness”) and that the average V4 or IT neuron will produce a robust firing rate response (>50% of its peak observed firing rate) to ∼10% of all natural images. We also observed that sparseness was positively correlated with conjunction selectivity and negatively correlated with tolerance within both V4 and IT, consistent with selectivity-building and invariance-building computations that offset one another to produce sparseness. Our results imply that the conjunction-selectivity-building and invariance-building computations necessary to support object recognition are implemented in a balanced manner to maintain sparseness at each stage of processing.National Eye Institute (Grant 1F32EY018063)National Eye Institute (Grant R01EY014970)McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscienc
Selectivity and Tolerance ("Invariance") Both Increase as Visual Information Propagates from Cortical Area V4 to IT
No full textOur ability to recognize objects despite large changes in position, size, and context is achieved through computations that are thought to increase both the shape selectivity and the tolerance (“invariance”) of the visual representation at successive stages of the ventral pathway [visual cortical areas V1, V2, and V4 and inferior temporal cortex (IT)]. However, these ideas have proven difficult to test. Here, we consider how well population activity patterns at two stages of the ventral stream (V4 and IT) discriminate between, and generalize across, different images. We found that both V4 and IT encode natural images with similar fidelity, whereas the IT population is much more sensitive to controlled, statistical scrambling of those images. Scrambling sensitivity was proportional to receptive field (RF) size in both V4 and IT, suggesting that, on average, the number of visual feature conjunctions implemented by a V4 or IT neuron is directly related to its RF size. We also found that the IT population could better discriminate between objects across changes in position, scale, and context, thus directly demonstrating a V4-to-IT gain in tolerance. This tolerance gain could be accounted for by both a decrease in single-unit sensitivity to identity-preserving transformations (e.g., an increase in RF size) and an increase in the maintenance of rank-order object selectivity within the RF. These results demonstrate that, as visual information travels from V4 to IT, the population representation is reformatted to become more selective for feature conjunctions and more tolerant to identity preserving transformations, and they reveal the single-unit response properties that underlie that reformatting.National Eye Institute (Grant 1F32EY018063)National Eye Institute (Grant R01EY014970)McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscienc
Promoting self- and coregulation through small group problem-solving of authentic tasks in a low SES urban environment
No full textOver the last twenty years social cognitive models of self-regulated learning (SRL) focused primarily on understanding the processes learners use to self-regulate and the subsequent benefits SRL has on learning and performance. More recently, sociocultural models have begun to argue that SRL is fostered, developed, and maintained (1) within social contexts and (2) as a result of interactions with teachers and peers. This dissertation relied on both theories to analyze a single learning environment in which self- and social forms of regulation were present. Participants included sixty four students from a K-8 school whose residents are largely from low-income families. Students worked collaboratively to design and carry out a complex project with students who shared similar interests over a nine-week period. Students completed a number of survey instruments, and their group interactions were videotaped daily. Using qualitative and quantitative data analyses, I examined the strategies group members used to regulate their cognition, motivation, and behavior over the course of their project. Results of the quantitative Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) analysis suggested that students' motivational orientations, prior SRL, and perceptions of task features predicted change in SRL over the nine-week period. Furthermore, coregulated learning scores moderated the relationship between (1) students' motivational orientations and their change in SRL, and (2) students' beginning and ending SRL scores. Finally, coregulation scores positively predicted groups' final assessment scores at the conclusion of the project. Results from the qualitative analysis suggested between group and within group differences in both the amount and type of processes groups used to self- and coregulate their cognition, motivation, and behavior over the course of their project. Theoretically, this research extends individual models of SRL to include social forms of regulation arguing that students acquire, refine, and use different forms of regulatory processes to regulate group interactions. Finally, given the emphasis on SRL throughout national and NJ state curriculum standards this research supports the use of high interest, collaborative tasks as an instructional method to increase students' regulatory processes.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (291-301)by Nicole C. DiDonat
Florida Historical Quarterly Podcast Episode 07: Fall 2010
No full textWe interviewed the three authors that contributed to this special issue, all of whom are graduate students finishing their Ph.D.s on Florida history topics. We asked the authors about their experiences researching a Florida topic while early in their scholarly careers. Our guests on this podcast were Deborah L. Bauer, author of “. . . in a strange place”: The Experiences of British Women during the Colonization of East & West Florida,” Nicole C. Cox, author of “Selling Seduction: Women and Feminine Nature in 1920s Florida,” and Peter Ferdinando, author of “A Translation History of Florida.”https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq-podcast/1006/thumbnail.jp
Author Correction: Analysis of cell-specific transcriptional responses in human colon tissue using CIBERSORTx
No full textCorrection to: Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45582-6, published online 25 October 2023 The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Julia Nicole DeBenedictis which was incorrectly given as Julia Nicole De Benedictis. The original Article has been corrected
The dolor, ira and Vengeance Cycle in Paul the Deacon’s Historia Langobardorum
No full textThis essay explores the role and meaning of the emotional term dolor in the scenarios of vengeance represented by the Lombard scholar Paul the Deacon (c.720–799) in his work Historia Langobardorum. First, after contextualising the work and analysing the concept of aristocratic honour and vengeance outlined by the author in the text, this essay examines the episodes in which dolor is associated with revenge. Second, starting from the work itself, the paper constructs the emotional script of dolor, namely the little scenario that a character plays out – as sequences of events, actions and social interactions – when he or she feels this emotion. Finally, it examines how the author evaluates dolor positively or negatively in relation to social and gender norms
Osmia (Melanosmia) virga Sandhouse 1939
No full textOsmia (Melanosmia) virga Sandhouse, 1939 Counties: Beltrami, Clearwater, Crow Wing, Hennepin, Koochiching, Sherburne. Subgenus Osmia Panzer s. str. Taxonomy: Rust (1974).Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/804856
Blissful violence ambiguity in Stanley Kubrick's a clockwork orange
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Gradução em Letras/Ingrês e Literatura Correspondente.Analise da construção da ambigüidade na narrativa do filme Laranja Mecânica, de Stanley Kubrick (1971). Investiga a relação identificação-afastamento que o filme promove entre o protagonista e o espectador, assim como o modo peculiar como o filme trata a violência. Observa um movimento em direção à ambigüidade que se desenvolve ao longo da obra do diretor, iniciando com estruturas e personagens mais tradicionais, abandonando gradualmente as posições morais seguras. Três filmes são também discutidos como uma amostra da obra do diretor, de modo a traçar a evolução de seu estilo e sua visão de mundo: Dr. Fantástico ou Como Aprendi a Parar de me Preocupar e Amar a Bomba (1963), 2001- Uma Odisséia no Espaço (1968) e De Olhos Bem Fechados (1999)
Author response: Single-exposure visual memory judgments are reflected in inferotemporal cortex
No full textL'esperienza del dolore nei testi di Paolo Diacono: lo studio di un'emozione.
No full textLa presente tesi tratta del ruolo dell’esperienza dolorosa all’interno della vita e delle opere dell’autore longobardo Paolo Diacono (c.720 – c.799) e analizza, attraverso un'analisi linguistico-pragmatica e una riflessione ermeneutica, le diverse concettualizzazioni, modalità espressive e funzioni attribuite al dolore in relazione ai personaggi coinvolti sulla scena, agli scopi dell’autore e agli obbiettivi dei suoi committenti. L’elaborato si pone inoltre lo scopo di comprendere se Paolo Diacono comunicò e concettualizzò il dolore nello stesso modo per ogni sua opera, oppure se fece ricorso a espressioni e rappresentazioni specifiche rispondenti a diversi pubblici di riferimento. Infine, si intende indagare quale ruolo rivesta il dolore degli altri all’interno delle opere di Paolo, quali categorie di individui fossero riconosciute come degne di compassione e aiuto e, soprattutto, per quali motivi.This thesis examines the role of pain in the life and works of the Lombard author Paul the Deacon (c.720 - c.799). Through a linguistic, pragmatic, and hermeneutic analysis, it explores the different conceptualizations, modes of expression, and functions attributed to pain in relation to three factors: the characters involved in the scene, the author's aims, and the goals of his patrons. The research also attempts to understand whether Paul the Deacon used the same expressions and representations to communicate and conceptualize pain in his works, or if he tailored them to different target audiences. Additionally, the thesis investigates the role of the pain of others in Paul’s works, which categories of individuals he recognized as worthy of compassion and help, and why
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