1,721,132 research outputs found
Lo sviluppo della mobilità sotterranea in Asia: le linee metropolitane di Shanghai e Tokyo
No full textUrbanization has been occurring in the industrialized Western nations for more than two hundred years, but today the phenomenon is taking place so rapidly, especially in the developing countries, that cities need to face complex challenges to preserve their growth and livability: urban problems such as congestion, pollution and sprawl are putting a strain on administrators and policy makers to provide the necessary infrastructures to new citizens, with a sustainable approach.
Therefore, in many cities much effort has been focused on public transport, especially the underground. Thus, in a large number of Asian metropolis, where air pollution levels dramatically exceed the sustainable limits and strong migration flows from rural areas reduce the availability of non-urbanized land, the development of an efficient underground transport network has become essential for the survival of the urban system.
This paper provides a description of two metro systems which stand out for the length – Shanghai Metro System – and for the number of daily riderships – Tokyo Metro System – and which are both in Asia.
The analysis shows the increasingly importance of urban underground space (UUS) for the sustainable growth of cities: this new resource is no longer used exclusively for transport, parking or for utilities like heating, water supply and sewerage, but it also includes commercial, entertainment and public activities, thus extending urban life from street level to underground levels
The Effectiveness of Planning Regulation to Curb Urban Sprawl: The case of Striano (NA)
Full text linkItaly is facing an almost irreversible, extremely serious condition. A vital asset for humankind and the ecosystem, such as land, today suffers the negative effects of anthropogenic activities, first of all its uncontrolled and limitless consumption.
Such transformation of landscapes and environments, due to the misuse of land, not only affects the Italian country, but it spills over its borders: across Europe, urban sprawl is threatening agricultural productivity and biodiversity, increasing the risk of flooding, reducing water resources and contributing to global warming (ISPRA 2012).
The catastrophic impacts related to the spread of urban sprawl have made the identification of planning strategies capable of reducing the phenomenon essential. In Italy, many regions are trying to conform regulations and planning tools to control land use, and among them the Campania Region.
To date, only few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of these tools in curbing the phenomenon (Anthony 2004), to this end, the paper aims to assess the ability of Campania’s Planning regulations and tools in checking urban sprawl.
The analysis was conducted in the town of Striano, within the complex urban conurbation of the Metropolitan Area of Naples, which can be considered an example of urban sprawl development pattern.
In particular, a hypothesis of Area Action Plan for Striano was developed on the basis of the measures imposed by Regional Law n. 16 of 2004 and the ones proposed by PTCP of Naples, then the potential outcomes achieved by the Plan were evaluated in terms of land use and density.
The case study results show a disconnection between the current legislation and the new planning tools which are pending approval, therefore, the paper suggests the need to update Campania’s Planning legislation to the new guidelines, which are much more effective in terms of land protection
Cambiamento climatico ed economia della sostenibilità: nuovi strumenti della pianificazione urbana e loro impatto sul ruolo e sull’immagine della città europea
No full textLa città è una struttura antropica che sembra avviarsi verso una sempre maggiore complessità e che si caratterizza come un insieme sistematico di attività il cui funzionamento necessita di tecnologie avanzate a larga diffusione, del web come ambiente di comunicazione e di rilevanti quantità di energia per il suo movimento e il suo benessere. Ciò porta ad un sistema altamente impattante in termini di consumi e di emissioni e fa sì che le città siano le strutture artificiali che danno il massimo apporto all’aggravarsi dei processi di cambiamento climatico. La città è, tra le strutture antropiche organizzate, quella in cui qualsiasi fenomeno territoriale (dai processi di sviluppo economico alle relazioni tra classi o tra gruppi etnici, dall’intervento pubblico all’accumulazione di capitale, al consumo di risorse) assume la sua maggiore forza (Castell 1983); d’altro canto proprio nell’“arena urbana” si concentrano le maggiori polarizzazioni nelle trasformazioni territoriali (Kirby 1995).
Le città europee sono state e sono al centro di processi continui che ne mutano la forma pur mantenendone i caratteri fondamentali. Esse sono posizionate in uno spazio territoriale dalle caratteristiche ben definite: pianificato, ad alto reddito, democratico e con diritti civili ben tutelati. Le città ne hanno beneficiato assorbendo ed applicando al loro interno le innovazioni che si sono accumulate nel tempo senza che ciò ne stravolgesse eccessivamente i caratteri fondamentali.
L’ultima sfida che esse si trovano a dover affrontare è l’applicazione effettiva di modelli di pianificazione e di tecnologie sostenibili ai processi economici e sociali in modo da ottenere un controllo maggiore (nello spirito del termine “mitigazione”) dei fenomeni estremi che possono avvenire in ambito urbano a seguito dei processi di cambiamento climatico. Questa sfida da obbligo morale può trasformarsi in ulteriore occasione di crescita economica e le città che maggiormente puntano su questo nuovo modo di fare economia possono oggettivamente pensare di ottenere ricadute positive, non solo in termini economici ma anche in termini di immagine e di vantaggio competitivo.
Il paper approfondisce questo aspetto analizzando alcuni casi studio e mettendo in luce come il processo, fondato sull’attenzione costante all’ambiente come risorsa e all’economia come occasione di sviluppo, può considerarsi irreversibile
Monofunctional Towns as Model of Economic Development. The Cases of Sverdlovsk and Magnitogorsk, 1930-1989
No full textState Support of Monofunctional Cities of Russia and Kazakhstan: Experiences and Prospects
No full textSMART GOVERNANCE. LA DIMENSIONE DELLA COMPETITIVITÁ
No full textn the last decade, several studies have developed and updated different rankings of countries, regions and cities in order to describe and measure their performance in a varied urban aspects, including economic and social ones. In particular, as the number of composite indexes developed worldwide is growing, in the last years, one of the topics that has mostly attracted the interest of academia, and even beyond, is that of the Smart City. In this context, this chapter aims at the development of a composite indicator to measure and compare the inclination to smartness of twelve Italian metropolitan cities, where several initiatives have been carried out to improve their level of smartness. The index has been constructed based on six main dimensions – people, economy, environment, mobility, governance and living – which have been considered the pillars of urban intelligence. Furthermore, a multivariate statistical analysis has been applied to the set of data in order to identify the principal factors that structure urban smartness within the Italian context. The comparison amongst these cities based on the index and the mutivariate analysis has provided interesting findings about the strenghts and weaknesses of the initiatives developed by each city, as well as about the large gap between the most virtuous realities, all located in the central-northern part of the country, and the laggards. These results represent a useful support in order to understand if and how these metropolitan areas are ready to carry out the tasks the n.56/2014 Law has assigned them
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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