1,720,959 research outputs found
Provision of Quality Art Education in Tanzania: Opportunities and Challenges
Get PDFQuality education is of paramount importance to social-economic development. It avails the requisite human capital for production, and nationwide strength and competitiveness. Arts education entails knowledge, training, and formation founded on all arts. Quality arts education promotes emotional development, cognitive achievement, knowledge, skills, and competence of learners. Tanzania realized the importance of arts education mainly after Arusha Declaration of 1967 where the philosophy of Education for Self-Reliance (ESR) monopolized the education policy of the country. Such move was in line with Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which stipulates the right for individuals to enjoy arts. Progressively in 1997, the government introduced Tanzania Cultural Policy (TCP) where arts education was the hub and in 2008 the government introduced arts subjects in the secondary school curriculum as examinable subjects. Tanzania has continued to promote arts education in various ways and currently the government is focusing on cultural and arts small sectors as possible contributors to economic progress and employment. However, Arts education in Tanzania is facing numerous challenges such as; most curriculum developers do not place a great value on arts education, educational and cultural policies are not totally associated with one another, teachers’ colleges have few arts education programmes. Moreover, some societies do not recognize the discipline’s importance, which has breached its social identity and position in education. Thus, it is recommended in this paper that in order to achieve quality arts education, the government and other stakeholders should jointly work to provide the required support to secure enhanced standards in arts education provision. For instance, the state should avail and retain effective trained arts education instructors at all levels and arts education programmes should be reviewed to respond to the global needs. Conclusively, quality arts training is a critical aspect of holistic education and it promotes self-concept, identity, oneness, and diversity in society. Thus, arts education should be given the same priority like other academic disciplines in the curriculum.  
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Teacher Roles in Learning Materials Management in the Implementation of Competency Based Curriculum (CBC)
Get PDFTeachers play a critical role in the implementation of curriculum innovation such as CBC. Use of learning materials in instruction is a key pillar of effectively implementing CBC. The goal of using learning materials in the classroom is to assist both the teacher and the learners be consistent in educational content and achieving educational objectives. Furthermore, learning materials aid in motivating students, developing creativity, evoking prior knowledge, encouraging the process of understanding, decoding, organizing, and synthesizing educational content, logical thinking, and reasoning, communicating and interaction, and contributing to the development of skills and the acquisition of values, as well as the retention of desirable values and attitudes. However, it has been observed by many scholars that teachers have often neglected the use of learning materials in teaching hence contributing to poor implementation of curriculum in the basic education sector. To remain relevant in the implementation of CBC, the teachers as class managers should effectively plan, organize, leads, and communicate in class using learning materials. The purpose of this desktop study was to highlight how teachers can effectively manage learning materials in order to effectively implement CBC curriculum. Through analytic review of previous studies, the study found that learning materials are critical to the implementation of CBC curriculum. Ineffective use of learning materials is likely to contribute to none realization of the objectives of CBC. The study recommends that there is need to establish units within individuals or groups of scholars where teachers will actively engage in preparation of learning materials to use in their various subjects. There is also need to make development of learning materials as a critical component of teachers training curriculum
Challenges and Prospects in Tanzanian Higher Education
No full textThis short paper briefly discusses some of the challenges facing higher education in Tanzania and the panaceas that government and other institutions are implementing to address the challenges. The paper uses secondary data obtained from the country’s Ministry of Education and Vocation Training and from selected higher education institutions in the country. The challenges are identified as occurring mainly in the areas of funding, quality assurance, relevance, ICT, equity and internationalization. The following strategies for addressing these challenges are reported: matching rising enrolments with public facility enhancement; encouraging the establishment of private universities; cost-sharing; affirmative action; and distance education
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Challenges Faced by Graduate Teachers in Developing Students’ Competencies in Bukoba Municipality in Kagera Region, Tanzania
No full textThe purpose of this study was to assess challenges faced by graduate teachers in developing student competencies in Bukoba Municipality in Kagera Region, Tanzania. The study employed the survey design taking a population of 100 graduates from 27 secondary schools and a sample size of 81 graduate teachers. These were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected using a questionnaire, interview, and structured observation methods. Quantitative data from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS, and qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic approach. This was then presented in a table, using frequencies and percentages for quantitative data and quotes for qualitative data. The findings from the study show that graduate teachers lacked teaching aids and were not satisfied with the learning environment, especially in most of the ward schools. It was also evident that these graduate teachers indicated a lack of in-service training to improve their skills as a major setback when it comes to developing students’ competencies since they lacked opportunities to upgrade their skills on CBC. Generally, the study concludes that teachers are facing a lot of challenges while developing student competencies, such as an acute shortage of teaching and learning materials which hinders effective implementation of the curriculum. However, it recommends in-service training for teachers, supporting teachers with materials needed for the implementation of CBC, as well as improving the teaching and learning environment to ensure graduate teachers develop learners’ competencies fully
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