1,720,997 research outputs found
PUBLICATION TRENDS IN SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELING AND THE PIONEER CONTRIBUTION OF DR. RUI CERQUEIRA TO ECOLOGICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY AND DISTRIBUTION MODELING IN BRAZIL
Get PDFThe quantification of species-environment relationship represents the core of predictive geographical modeling in ecology and the root of contemporary species distribution modeling. The correlative approaches that link known occurrences of species with environmental variation across landscapes to estimate ecological niches and geographic distributions are generally termed ecological niche modeling (ENM) or species distribution modeling (SDM). The theoretical basis of these models is that each organism is adapted to specific tolerance zones or ‘‘niches\u27\u27 which, in a Grinellian sense, can be considered as the set of abiotic requirements in which a species can maintain itself. Here we provided an overview of the publication trends on ENM/SDM, both globally and in Brazil, through a scientometric approach. We also review the most important contributions of Dr. Rui Cerqueira\u27s pioneer scientific research program on biogeography and distribution modeling in Brazil. The global production in the “ENM/SDM” field showed a growing trend in publication from 1990s on, with peaks on global production output occurring five times from 2005 to 2012. After 2009, more than a hundred articles were published yearly. In Brazil, although the production has also increased in the last decade, especially from 2006 on, the increase did not follow the magnitude of the global trend. Only after 2009 the number of articles published yearly surpassed ten. Cerqueira figures among the top ten authors in Brazil, being the only author to publish on the topic before 2002. Cerqueira has also made few, but quite important contributions to the understanding of biogeographical patterns in the Neotropics. These results highlight the pioneer contribution of Dr. Rui Cerqueira to the fields of species distribution modeling and biogeography in Brazil, which we present and discuss here.The quantification of species-environment relationship represents the core of predictive geographical modeling in ecology and the root of contemporary species distribution modeling. The correlative approaches that link known occurrences of species with environmental variation across landscapes to estimate ecological niches and geographic distributions are generally termed ecological niche modeling (ENM) or species distribution modeling (SDM). The theoretical basis of these models is that each organism is adapted to specific tolerance zones or ‘‘niches\u27\u27 which, in a Grinellian sense, can be considered as the set of abiotic requirements in which a species can maintain itself. Here we provided an overview of the publication trends on ENM/SDM, both globally and in Brazil, through a scientometric approach. We also review the most important contributions of Dr. Rui Cerqueira\u27s pioneer scientific research program on biogeography and distribution modeling in Brazil. The global production in the “ENM/SDM” field showed a growing trend in publication from 1990s on, with peaks on global production output occurring five times from 2005 to 2012. After 2009, more than a hundred articles were published yearly. In Brazil, although the production has also increased in the last decade, especially from 2006 on, the increase did not follow the magnitude of the global trend. Only after 2009 the number of articles published yearly surpassed ten. Cerqueira figures among the top ten authors in Brazil, being the only author to publish on the topic before 2002. Cerqueira has also made few, but quite important contributions to the understanding of biogeographical patterns in the Neotropics. These results highlight the pioneer contribution of Dr. Rui Cerqueira to the fields of species distribution modeling and biogeography in Brazil, which we present and discuss here.The quantification of species-environment relationship represents the core of predictive geographical modeling in ecology and the root of contemporary species distribution modeling. The correlative approaches that link known occurrences of species with environmental variation across landscapes to estimate ecological niches and geographic distributions are generally termed ecological niche modeling (ENM) or species distribution modeling (SDM). The theoretical basis of these models is that each organism is adapted to specific tolerance zones or ‘‘niches\u27\u27 which, in a Grinellian sense, can be considered as the set of abiotic requirements in which a species can maintain itself. Here we provided an overview of the publication trends on ENM/SDM, both globally and in Brazil, through a scientometric approach. We also review the most important contributions of Dr. Rui Cerqueira\u27s pioneer scientific research program on biogeography and distribution modeling in Brazil. The global production in the “ENM/SDM” field showed a growing trend in publication from 1990s on, with peaks on global production output occurring five times from 2005 to 2012. After 2009, more than a hundred articles were published yearly. In Brazil, although the production has also increased in the last decade, especially from 2006 on, the increase did not follow the magnitude of the global trend. Only after 2009 the number of articles published yearly surpassed ten. Cerqueira figures among the top ten authors in Brazil, being the only author to publish on the topic before 2002. Cerqueira has also made few, but quite important contributions to the understanding of biogeographical patterns in the Neotropics. These results highlight the pioneer contribution of Dr. Rui Cerqueira to the fields of species distribution modeling and biogeography in Brazil, which we present and discuss here
POPULATION ECOLOGY OF SMALL MAMMALS: LONG TERM EMPIRICAL STUDIES COORDENATED BY PROFESSOR RUI CERQUEIRA, UFRJ.
No full textA multidisciplinaridade, as abordagens diferenciadas e um pensamento norteado por perguntas ecológicas relevantes sempre estiveram presentes nos projetos de pesquisa do Professor Rui Cerqueira. Esta revisão aborda os principais estudos de ecologia de populações de longo prazo por ele coordenados. São descritos aqui o desenvolvimento das idéias científicas que desencadearam estes estudos envolvendo ecologia e genética de populações de pequenos mamíferos, como se deu a evolução das idéias, o contexto mundial, e os principais resultados e conclusões obtidos nestes estudos. São abordados também os principais avanços e proposições teóricas e metodológicas em relação à dinâmica populacional e demografia de estudos de pequenos mamíferos no Brasil que estes projetos proporcionaram. São relatados três estudos empíricos de longo prazo: o estudo na Restinga de Barra de Maricá, RJ, pioneiro em diversos aspectos na época; o estudo no Município de Sumidouro, RJ, desenvolvido em conjunto com a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, relacionado à participação dos roedores silvestres na dinâmica de transmissão da esquistossomose; e o estudo na localidade do Garrafão, Município de Teresópolis, RJ. Este surgiu a partir de idéias geradas no estudo de Maricá sobre os movimentos e estruturas populacionais de algumas espécies de marsupiais, e que ainda está em andamento, sendo um dos estudos de dinâmica populacional de pequenos mamíferos mais longos realizados no Brasil. Resultados importantes e inéditos foram obtidos nestes estudos a partir de delineamentos amostrais utilizando-se a técnica de captura-marcação-recaptura que permitiram a obtenção de dados de alta qualidade. Recomenda-se a coleta de dados idade-específicos de cada indivíduo ao longo de dez anos, com intervalos regulares de no máximo dois meses para que se possa inferir sobre processos de regulação populacional e padrões demográficos em animais como os pequenos mamíferos. A genética de populações, estudada através de marcadores moleculares, também mostra-se como uma ferramenta fundamental para que os processos ecológicos possam ser entendidos num contexto espacial mais amplo, como o de metapopulações. A padronização dos métodos de coleta envolvendo o esforço de captura no tempo e o delineamento espacial também são de relevância em análises populacionais. Este artigo é uma revisão sobre a trajetória de desenvolvimento do pensamento científico nos estudos de biologia de populações de pequenos mamíferos liderados pelo Prof. Rui Cerqueira ao longo da sua carreira. A multidisciplinaridade juntando ecologia, demografia, genética, epidemiologia, biogeografia, taxonomia e sistemática, e as abordagens diferenciadas norteadas por perguntas ecológicas relevantes sempre estiveram presentes em seus projetos de pesquisa, o que permitiu os avanços de conhecimento aqui descritos. São relatados três estudos empíricos de biologia de populações de longo prazo: o estudo na Restinga de Barra de Maricá, RJ, pioneiro em diversos aspectos na época; o estudo no Município de Sumidouro, RJ, desenvolvido em conjunto com a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, relacionado à participação dos roedores silvestres na dinâmica de transmissão da esquistossomose; e o estudo na localidade do Garrafão, Município de Guapimirim, RJ. Este surgiu a partir de idéias geradas no trabalho da Restinga de Barra de Maricá sobre os movimentos e estruturas populacionais de algumas espécies de marsupiais, e ainda está em andamento, sendo um dos estudos de dinâmica populacional de pequenos mamíferos mais longos realizados no Brasil. Resultados importantes e inéditos foram obtidos nestes três projetos a partir da técnica de captura-marcação-recaptura que permitiram a obtenção de dados de alta qualidade. Os estudos do Prof. Cerqueira fizeram com que a mastozoologia brasileira, e em especial a biologia de populações de pequenos mamíferos, atingisse um nível de excelência internacional, tanto em termos de geração de conhecimentos novos e formação de recursos humanos, quanto em termos de progresso e sofisticação das metodologias e análises This article is a review of the developmental trajectory of the scientific reasoning on population biology in small mammal studies led by Prof. Rui Cerqueira throughout his career. The multidisciplinarity joining ecology, demography, genetics, epidemiology, biogeography, taxonomy and systematics, and the different approaches guided by relevant ecological questions have always been present in his research projects which led to the progress of the knowledge described here. We report three empirical studies of long-term population biology: the study in Restinga de Barra de Marica, RJ, a pioneer study in many aspects at the time; the study in Sumidouro, RJ, developed in collaboration with the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, related to the role of wild rodents in the transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis; and the study in Garrafão, municipality of Guapimirim, RJ. The latter arose from ideas generated in the study of Restinga de Barra de Marica on movements and population structure of some marsupial species and is still in progress, being one of the longest population dynamics studies of small mammals in Brazil. New and important results were obtained in these three projects using the capture-mark-recapture technique that permitted to obtain high quality data. The contribution of Prof. Cerqueira raised the field of mammalogy and in particular the population biology of small mammals in Brazil to a level of international excellence, both in terms of generating new knowledge and training human resources, as well as in terms of progress and sophistication of methodologies and analyses
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Diet selection and water balance to understand niche partitioning and spatial distribution of small mammals: a research program of Dr. Rui cerqueira
Get PDFInformation on key biological traits is fundamental to understand complex ecological processes, and to develop mechanistic models of geographic distributions and community structure based on functional attributes. These ideas were the main motivation behind pioneer studies on food habits, diet selection, and ecophysiology of small mammals coordinated by Dr. Rui Cerqueira at the Laboratório de Vertebrados (LABVERT) of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Here we review his research program and his most important contributions on diet selection and water balance, which were studied to understand community structure, biogeography, and species distribution. Studies of diet selection varied from fecal content analyzes to comparative morphometric and anatomical studies of digestive organs, and its relations to diet digestibility. One of the main contributions was the development of a method to experimentally establish diet selection and food preference in laboratory. Previously, most Neotropical marsupials were simply described as omnivorous, but using this method it was possible to detect that species are distributed along a gradient of nutrient and food consumption, from frugivory to carnivory. A study of the water balance and urine concentration by the marsupial Philander frenatus supported the hypothesis that it is dependent on mesic habitats because of its limited ability to concentrate urine. This study also set the experimental apparatus used latter in intra and interspecific comparisons, successfully determining local adaptation to different habitats in populations of the same species, and the physiological limitations of different species to occupy more xeric habitats. The experiments to determine diet selection and water balance by small mammals allowed unique inferences on intrinsic characteristics of populations and species, important aspects of their fundamental niche. They also provided the basis to characterize the function that these species may provide in communities and ecosystems.Information on key biological traits is fundamental to understand complex ecological processes, and to develop mechanistic models of geographic distributions and community structure based on functional attributes. These contemporary ideas were the main motivation behind pioneer studies on food habits, diet selection, and ecophysiology of small mammals coordinated by Dr. Rui Cerqueira. Here we review his research program and his most important contributions on diet selection and water balance, which were studied to understand community structure, biogeography, and species distribution. Studies of diet selection varied from fecal content analyzes to comparative morphometric and anatomical studies of digestive organs, and its relations to diet digestibility. One of the main contributions was the development of a method to experimentally establish diet selection and food preference in laboratory. Previously, most Neotropical marsupials were simply described as omnivorous, but using this method it was possible to detect that species are distributed along a gradient of nutrient and food consumption, from frugivory to carnivory. A study of the water balance and urine concentration by the marsupial Philander frenatus supported the hypothesis that it is dependent on mesic habitats because of its limited ability to concentrate urine. This study also set the experimental apparatus used latter in intra and interspecific comparisons, successfully determining local adaptation to different habitats in populations of the same species, and the physiological limitations of different species to occupy more xeric habitats. The experiments to determine diet selection and water balance by small mammals allowed unique inferences on intrinsic characteristics of populations and species, important aspects of their fundamental niche. They also provide the basis to characterize the function that these species may provide in communities and ecosystems
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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