113,370 research outputs found
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Semantic information elicitation from unstructured medical records
No full textSemantic elicitation of relevant information entities from semi- and unstructured documents is an important problem in many application fields. This paper describes HiLXa system implementing a very powerful semantic approach to information extraction from semi- and unstructured documents obtained combining knowledge representation formalisms, like ontology languages, and two-dimensional languages exploiting a two-dimensional spatial representation of documents. The HiLX system constitutes a new generation technology capable of capturing and eliciting relevant information regarding a specific domain. It is founded on OntoDLP, an extension of disjunctive logic programming for ontology representation and reasoning. In the HiLX system the semantics of the information to be extracted is represented by using OntoDLP ontologies and the extraction patterns are expressed by means of regular and two-dimensional expressions. By converting the extraction patterns to OntoDLP reasoning modules, the HiLX system can actually extract information from HTML pages as well as from flat text documents using the same patterns. In this paper the extraction of clinical information and events, regarding patients, diseases, therapies and drugs, from electronic textual medical records is shown. Extracted information are represented in XML and can be stored in structured form using relational database or ad-hoc ontologies to enable further analysis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Interpretabilità, conoscibilità, spiegabilità dei processi decisionali automatizzati
No full textL’OSCE nel suo report The Impact of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Insurance Sector ci informa che il mercato delle applicazioni basate su tecniche di in-telligenza artificiale (AI) è in crescente aumento e si stima possa produrre un prodotto interno lordo globale di oltre quindicimila miliardi di dollari entro il 2030 . L’European Banking Authority ha stimato che circa il 64% delle banche europee sta utilizzando strumenti di AI. Entrambi i report citati, provenienti da settori con elevato impatto sociale ed economico, ci forniscono significativi spunti di riflessione sul fon-damentale ruolo che i dati svolgono nella realizzazione delle applicazioni concrete dell’AI e di come principi di conoscibilità e comprensibilità debbano essere inclusi nel processo di produzione di tali artefatti per soddisfare diverse necessità: i) la traspa-renza del processo di decisione automatico al fine di verificarne l’esattezza e l’accuratezza e poterlo correggere (dimensione tecnologica, Adadi 2018) ; ii) la crea-zione di un sentimento di fiducia individuale e collettivo in queste emergenti tecnolo-gie tale da rassicurare gli utilizzatori e la società (dimensione sociale, Miller 2019) ; iii) la definizione di parametri che possano favorire il mercato (dimensione economi-ca, OECD 2020); iv) la certezza che si possa sempre giungere ad una spiegazione del comportamento della macchina comprensibile all’uomo e quindi comparabile con la norma giuridica che regola la società (dimensione giuridica, Pagallo 2020, Palmirani 2020 ); v) la possibilità di includere principi etici per un progetto umanamente soste-nibile (dimensione etica, Floridi 2019).
Per affrontare queste sfide occorre sicuramente analizzare il ciclo di vita del pro-cesso di decisione automatica condotto con l’uso dell’AI, includendo l’analisi della raccolta dei dati (training, testing, dati misti, statistici, sintetici, ecc.), la definizione dei modelli matematici, le specifiche di progettazione del software, l’analisi di sicu-rezza e ribadire con forza la necessità di introdurre principi di trasparenza e compren-sione del comportamento automatico e di spiegabilità sin dalla sua ideazione (by-design).
In questo scritto si vuole esaminare il rapporto fra Big Data e AI (c.d. modelli e al-goritmi) alla luce dell’esigenza sempre più pressante di spiegabilità del processo di decisione automatica (ADM ) andando oltre all’indicazione fornita dall’art. 22 del GDPR ed esaminando alcuni spunti forniti dalle recenti sentenze in ambito ammini-strativo del Consiglio di Stato e dalle indicazioni della Commissione Europea in me-rito a responsabilità civile . Per fare questo occorre addentrarsi nella relazione fra Big Data e AI, dare delle definizioni legate alla spiegabilità e analizzare le vulnerabilità dell’art. 22 per poi giungere alla proposizione di una possibile metodologia
The assessment of the carbonaceous component in black crusts damaging the stone surfaces of historical monuments (from Trevi fountain Roma to square San Marco Venice)
No full textThe issue of conservation of the monumental heritage is mainly related to atmospheric pollution that causes the degradation of stone surfaces. Black crusts can be formed as a result of different chemical and physical reactions between the stone surface and environmental factors (such as gaseous pollutants and aerosol particulate matter, PM). These black layers present on the stone monuments reflect the composition of the aerosol particulate matter to which the surfaces are exposed. In particular elemental carbon (EC, also known as black carbon, typically emitted by combustion processes) is the PM component responsible for the characteristic black color of the crusts where it is embedded together with calcium sulphate due to the conversion of calcium carbonate, the main constituent of the stone. Organic carbon (OC) represents the other carbonaceous component of PM and it is present in the black crusts, too. It is of both primary or secondary origin and is linked to numerous sources (traffic, heating plants, biomass burning, etc.).
A deep knowledge of the crust composition in terms of OC and EC optical properties is mandatory in order to get information on the sources responsible for the surface darkening.
OC/EC in PM samples are generally quantified by a reference method (TOT, Thermal Optical Transmittance) not suitable for the analysis of these components in the crusts. A new approach for OC/EC quantification based on a thermal protocol and including CHN and TGA analyses, has been set-up. The method validation has been performed analyzing suitable reference standard samples prepared by mixing different chemical species in order to simulate the composition of the black crusts present on the monument surfaces. Real samples of black crusts coming from historical monuments placed in Rome, Milan and Venice have been analyzed
A scientific approach to the characterisation of the painting technique of an author : the case of Raffaele Rinaldi
No full textDuring the last restoration of the six paintings by Raffaele Rinaldi (1851-1916), located in the church of Maria SS. Annunziata (Marano Principato, Cosenza, Italy), made between 1890 and 1903, several scientific investigations were carried out on them. The present work aims at classifying the painting in terms of its materials and technical particularities. The goal of this study was to characterise the painting technique of the painter, its evolution and possible additions made during previous restorations. Pigments, binder media and raw materials used for the application of the ground and the paint layers were studied using electronic microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy qualitative microanalysis (SEM-EDS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Furthermore, a complete analysis of the state of preservation of these paintings represents a scientific aid and guide for its restoration, taking into account the severe damage not exclusively due to natural decay processes. Our data can provide information about historical and stylistic background as well as advise for correct planning of the cleaning procedures. The identification of materials allowed a correct restoration
Využití sociálních médií v B2B prodeji
No full textTato diplomová práce se zabývá tím, jak mohou B2B obchodníci využívat sociální média v prodeji. Na základě systematické rešerše literatury, autor zjistil, že akademici, zkoumající danou problematiku, navrhují další výzkum, a to: v kterých konkrétních krocích se dají využít sociální média v prodeji (Salo, 2017). Autor se na základě toho rozhodl zjistit, jaké sociální sítě, různé technologie a pluginy se dají využít v B2B prodeji - tzv. social sellingu. Social selling se v této práci týká primárně procesu akvizice a okrajově péčí o stávající zákazníky. Autor si vybral kvalitativní průzkum pomocí 10 hloubkových polo-strukturovaných rozhovorů, aby odhalil jak, která sociální média to jsou, tak i motivaci prodejců, proč tato média používat/nepoužívat. Aby autor dodržel správnost vyhodnocení výsledků, data byla analyzována pomocí Tématické analýzy, která v této studii vykrystalizovala 2 hlavní strategické přístupy v social sellingu. Tyto přístupy (tzv. Push a Pull strategie) obsahují praktické příklady a konkrétní aktivity, které mohou prodejci využívat v každodenní praxi. Tyto výsledky jsou prezentovány s důrazem na praktičnost a jednoduchost implementace. Tvoří proto hlavní přínos autorovo výzkumu. V poslední části autor zmiňuje výzvy a manažerská doporučení, které mohou obchodníci využít v každodenním pracovním životě.This diploma thesis focuses on social media usage in B2B sales. Based on the systematic literature review conducted by the author, he has found out that recent researchers (Salo, 2017) suggest further research in the area of how and in which sales phase should various social networking sites, technologies and plugins used. To further fill this research gap, author decided to identify these social media and their usage among B2B salespeople in the so-called social selling process. The social selling process in this thesis applies mainly to acquiring new prospects and tangentially to taking care of existing clients (follow-up step). Author has chosen a qualitative research method via conducting 10 in-depth semi-structured interviews to reveal these instruments as well as motivation of a sales person on why to use social media in the selling process. The collected data was analyzed using Thematic analysis to ensure the right procedure and to identify main themes which crystalized into 2 main strategic approaches in social selling. These approaches (Push and Pull) include practical examples of concrete activities which sales people can use in their daily jobs and are presented with focus on practicality and ease of implementation. These also form the main contribution of author`s research. In the last part, author mentions challenges in social selling and recommended managerial implications for salesforce
Effects of different sources of air pollution on the carbonate stone surface of relevant European monuments
No full textThis contribution focuses on spectrometric analyses carried out on black crust samples, collected from buildings and churches belonging to the European built Heritage, i.e., the Corner Palace in Venice (Italy), the Cathedral of St. Rombouts in Mechelen (Belgium), the Church of St. Eustache in Paris (France) and the Tower of London (United Kingdom). Such monuments, all built in carbonate stones, were selected for their historic and artistic relevance, as well as for their location in different urban contexts (exposed to intense vehicular traffic or pedestrian areas). For a complete characterization of the black crusts, an approach integrating complementary techniques was used, including optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The complete characterization of the damage layers provided information on their chemical composition, the state of conservation of the underlying substrates and the interactions between crusts and stones. In particular, the geochemical study in terms of trace elements
revealed that all crusts are enriched in heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Ti, V, and Zn) compared to substrates. The different concentrations of such elements in all analyzed crust samples can be ascribed to several factors, such as: height of sampling, morphology of the sampled surfaces (vertical or horizontal), exposure to atmospheric agents, exposure to direct (road or boat traffic) or indirect (industries) sources of pollution,
accumulation time of pollutants on the surfaces, wash out and particulate air pollution. Specifically, the crusts collected at lower heights (some samples of the Corner Palace, Cathedral of St. Rombouts and Tower of London) resulted to be mainly influenced by mobile sources of pollution (vehicular or boat traffic), while samples taken at higher heights (Church of St. Eustache and some samples of the Corner Palace) are generally mostly affected by
stationary combustion sources. In some cases, the detailed analysis of multilayered crusts (Palazzo Corner) contributed to recognize the variation of combustion sources responsible for the deterioration of surfaces over time. In addition, the possibility of analyzing altered portions of the substrate (Tower of London) permitted to observe that some elements (Zn, Cu and Ni) show concentrations similar and, sometimes, higher than the overlying crusts.
This result can be explained by the geochemical mobility of such elements (at specific environmental conditions), which accelerate the process of sulfating, rapidly creating new layers of crust In conclusion, the study of black crusts and altered substrates in terms of trace elements may provide information useful to understand the influence of the pollutants in the genesis of such degradation forms
TeX v jednoduchém unixovém prostředí
No full textsummary:Při ladění TeXového dokumentu potřebujeme mnohokrát opakovaně pouštět TeX, podívat se, jak dopadl výsledek v prohlížeči DVI nebo PDF souboru, mrknout na výpis TeXu na terminálu, podívat se případně do logu a celou činnost opakovat. V tomto článku je ukázáno, jak tuto práci dělá autor článku. Proces "editor-TeX-kuk" je zde podporován jednoduchými unixovými nástroji: bashovým skriptem texloop, který si autor pro tyto účely vytvořil, dále terminálem Xterm a jednoduchým editorem, který umí navázat na klávesovou zkratku spuštění příkazu v systému. Čtenář se zde může inspirovat a přizpůsobit tyto nástroje svým vlastním potřebám. V článku je popsána funkce skriptu texloop, dále je neformálně rozveden dlouholetý vývoj autorova vztahu k textovým editorům a konečně je zde uvedena konfigurace terminálu Xterm, aby vyhovoval českému prostředí jak v kódování ISO-8859-2, tak v kódování UTF-8. Pro kódování UTF-8 si v závěru článku vygenerujeme TeXový formát csplain.summary:By debugging a TeX document it is necessary many times repeatedly to run TeX, to look for the result in DVI or PDF file, to gander the TeX output on the terminal, or eventually to have a look in the log-file, and all that action to repeat. In the paper it is show, how this work is made by author. The process '‘'editor-TeX-look' is supported by simple Unix tools: bash script texloop, created by author for these purposes, Xterm terminal and a simple editor, which is able to link to the shortcut key the activation of a system command. The reader could be inspired with the solution and to adapt these tools to his/her own needs. In the paper the function of the texloop script is described, and further the longstanding evolution of the author's relation to text editors is informal elaborated and finally a configuration of Xterm terminal, suitable for the czech environment with both ISO-8859-2 and UTF-8 encoding is introduced. For UTF-8 encoding the TeX format csplain is generated at the end of the paper
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