1,720,967 research outputs found
Unraveling the neurophysiology of muscle fatigue.
No full textDespite 100years of research since the seminal work of Angelo Mosso (1846-1910), our understanding of the interactions between the nervous system and muscle during the performance of fatiguing contractions remains rather rudimentary. Although the nervous system simply needs to provide an activation signal that will elicit the net muscle torque required for a prescribed action, changes in the number and diversity of synaptic inputs that must be integrated by the spinal motor neurons to accommodate the changes in the force-producing capabilities of the muscle fibers complicate the process of generating the requisite activation signal. This brief review examines two ways in which the activation signal can be compromised during sustained contractions and thereby contribute to the rate at which the muscles fatigue. These examples provide insight on the types of adjustments that occur in the nervous system during fatiguing contractions, but emphasize that much remains to be learned about the physiological processes that contribute to the phenomenon known as muscle fatigue.IF 2011: 1.97info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
ACL rupture and reconstruction with the Patellar and Semintendinosus tendon
No full textDer Autor verglich die Ergebnisse von Patienten, an denen eine Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes durchgeführte wurde. Bei einer Gruppe (n=15) wurde das Patellarsehnentransplantat verwendet und bei der zweiten Gruppe (n=15) das Semitendinosussehnentransplantat. 10 gesunde, männliche Sportler dienten als Kontrollgruppe. Einziger Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen war der Transplantattyp. Alle anderen Variablen waren identisch. Der Lysholm-Score zeigte gute Ergebnisse. Der Tegner-Score zeigte, dass kein Patient sein altes Aktivitätsniveau wieder erreichte. Bei den Patienten der Patellargruppe wurde eine größere Oberschenkelatrophie festgestellt. Die Patienten der Semitendinosusgruppe zeigten eine reduzierte Kraft der Beugemuskulatur. Die Analyse von beid- und einbeinigen Sprüngen zeigten Unterschiede aber keine Defizite. Während der mehrgelenkigen Kniebeuge demonstrierten alle Patienten eine Ko-Kontraktion von Quadriceps und Hamstrings, die bei den Patienten der Semitendinosus-Gruppe ausgeprägter war. Eine leichte Asymmetrie im Gangbild der Patellar-Gruppe konnte festgestellt werden.Die festgestellten Unterschiede zwischen beiden Gruppen sollten als sinnvolle Kompensationsmechanismen interpretiert werden. Eindeutige Vorteile einer Rekonstruktionstechnik konnten nicht festgestellt werden.publishe
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Decoding thoughts, encoding ethics: A narrative review of the BCI-AI revolution
Get PDFObjectivesThis narrative review aims to analyze mechanisms underlying Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration, evaluate recent advances in signal acquisition and processing techniques, and assess AI-enhanced neural decoding strategies. The review identifies critical research gaps and examines emerging solutions across multiple domains of BCI-AI integration.MethodsA narrative review was conducted using major biomedical and scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus (2014–2024). Literature was analyzed to identify key developments in BCI-AI integration, with particular emphasis on recent advances (2019–2024). The review process involved thematic analysis of selected publications focusing on practical applications, technical innovations, and emerging challenges.ResultsRecent advances demonstrate significant improvements in BCI-AI systems: 1) High-density electrode arrays achieve spatial resolution up to 5 mm, with stable recordings over 15 months; 2) Deep learning decoders show 40 % improvement in information transfer rates compared to traditional methods; 3) Adaptive algorithms maintain >90 % success rates in motor control tasks over 200-day periods without recalibration; 4) Novel closed-loop optimization frameworks reduce user training time by 55 % while improving accuracy. Latest developments in flexible neural interfaces and self-supervised learning approaches show promise in addressing long-term stability and cross-user generalization challenges.ConclusionsBCI-AI integration shows remarkable progress in improving signal quality, decoding accuracy, and user adaptation. While challenges remain in long-term stability and user training, advances in adaptive algorithms and feedback mechanisms demonstrate the technology’s growing viability for clinical applications. Recent innovations in electrode technology, AI architectures, and closed-loop systems, combined with emerging standardization frameworks, suggest accelerating progress toward widespread therapeutic use and human augmentation applications.</div
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