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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Morphological analysis of lesions in post-stroke patients with hemiparetic motor disorder : a correlational study
No full textTra le conseguenze cliniche più comuni e invalidanti a seguito di un ictus i disturbi di natura motoria occupano una posizione di rilievo. La frequente condizione di emiparesi post stroke, tipicamente associata a compromissioni del tratto corticospinale (CST), può essere causata da incidenti a svariate strutture cerebrali coinvolte nella motricità. Studi di lesione condotti sul modello animale dimostrano, ad esempio, come un danno all’area della mano di M1, sia responsabile di flaccidità e ipotonia dell’arto controlaterale (Fogassi et al., 2001). Tuttavia, il grado di recupero delle abilità motorie dopo un ictus dipende grandemente da un’opportuna plasticità cerebrale e un’attivazione anche di svariate ulteriori regioni risparmiate. Conoscere i modelli neurali e procedere tramite un’identificazione delle regioni cerebrali danneggiate e di quelle conservate a seguito di uno stroke, può consentire di ottimizzare ed individualizzare i programmi terapeutici. A partire da tale ipotesi, è stato in questa sede condotto uno studio pilota di natura correlazionale su un campione di 10 pazienti adulti post ictus con emiparesi dell’arto superiore, in fase subacuta e cronica. L’analisi di sequenze RM ha permesso di valutare l’entità delle lesioni e il grado di perfusione cerebrale di ciascun paziente, mentre la performance motoria è stata misurata tramite scale cliniche, quali: Box and Block Test (BBT), Motricity Index (MI), modified Rankin Scale (mRS) e modified Ashworth Scale (mAS). La primaria analisi neuroradiologica qualitativa è stata integrata con una segmentazione e stima quantitativa della gravità del danno cerebrale, per mezzo di svariati metodi di indagine. È stata evidenziata un’elevata variabilità delle aree corticali compromesse all’interno del campione, mentre risultano più frequenti e coerenti le disconnessioni di specifici fasci di sostanza bianca. È emerso, inoltre, come un maggior risparmio di alcuni tratti di fibre ipsilesionali (IL), fosse positivamente associato a punteggi più elevati alla scala MI. Correlazioni positive sono state riscontrate anche tra il grado di perfusione nelle ROI selezionate e lo stato funzionale dei pazienti, misurato con le tre scale MI, mAS e mRS. Infine, il numero di voxel lesionati nell’emisfero IL ha rivelato un’attesa relazione negativa con il punteggio al Motricity Index. Questa scala, comunemente utilizzata al fine di misurare la forza muscolare globale in condizioni di emiparesi post-stroke, ha mostrato una più frequente e forte correlazione con il dato morfologico rispetto al test Box and Block: una discrepanza verosimilmente associata alla ridotta numerosità campionaria. Complessivamente, con la presente ricerca si propone il ricorso a un approccio multivariato e integrato di valutazione della funzionalità motoria, tramite il ricorso a scale cliniche differenti. L’analisi approfondita del quadro patologico del paziente può essere pertanto utile, non solo a predirne la performance, ma anche a garantire la migliore progettazione di interventi riabilitativi. Among the most common and disabling clinical consequences following a stroke, motor disorders hold a prominent position. The frequent condition of post-stroke hemiparesis, typically associated with impairments of the corticospinal tract (CST), can be caused by damage to various brain structures involved in motor function. Lesion studies conducted on animal models show, for example, how damage to the hand area of M1 is responsible for flaccidity and hypotonia of the contralateral limb (Fogassi et al., 2001). However, the degree of recovery of motor skills after a stroke greatly depends on proper brain plasticity and the activation of various other spared regions. Knowing the neural models and proceeding with an identification of damaged and preserved brain regions after a stroke, can allow to optimize and individualize therapeutic programs. Based on this hypothesis, a correlational pilot study was conducted here on a sample of 10 adult post-stroke patients with upper limb hemiparesis, in subacute and chronic phase. The analysis of MRI sequences allowed for the assessment of the extent of lesions and the degree of cerebral perfusion in each patient, whereas the motor perfomance was measured using clinical scales, such as: Box and Block Test (BBT), Motricity Index (MI), modified Rankin Scale (mRS) e modified Ashworth Scale (mAS). The primary qualitative neuroradiological analysis was integrated with segmentation and quantitative estimation of the severity of brain damage, using various investigative methods. A high variability of the compromised cortical areas was highlighted within the sample, while disconnections of specific white matter bundles were more frequent and coherent. Moreover, it emerged that a greater preservation of certain ipsilesional (IL) fiber tracts was positively associated with higher scores on the MI scale. Positive correlations were also found between the degree of perfusion in the selected ROIs and the functional state of patients, measured by the three scales MI, mAS and mRS. Lastly, the number of lesioned voxels in the IL hemisphere revealed an expected negative relationship with the Motricity Index score. This scale, commonly used to measure overall muscle strength in post-stroke hemiparesis, showed a more frequent and stronger correlation with the morphological data compared to the Box and Block test: a discrepancy likely associated with the small sample size. Overall, this research proposes the use of a multivariate and integrated approach to assessing motor function, through the use of different clinical scales. The in-depth analysis of the patient's pathological picture can therefore be useful, not only to predict performance, but also to guarantee the best planning of rehabilitation interventions.
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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