1,721,024 research outputs found
La valutazione del dolore negli anziani con deterioramento cognitivo mediante l’impiego della scala PAINAD: studio osservazionale in due case residenza
No full textObiettivo: indagare i fattori che hanno influenzato la gestione del dolore nei pazienti geriatrici con deficit cognitivo valutati con scala PAINAD.
Materiali e metodi: studio osservazionale retrospettivo condotto nel biennio 2014-15 attraverso la documentazione sanitaria degli ospiti di due strutture residenziali della Regione Emilia Romagna, Italia.
Risultati: un campione di 25 ospiti è stato reclutato per un totale di 152 schede PAINAD compilate.
Conclusione: nonostante la provata efficacia della PAINAD la gestione del dolore è ben lungi dall’essere risolta. Lo studio sottolinea la centralità dell’infermiere nella gestione del dolore, la necessità di percorsi formativi interdisciplinari e ipotizza la necessità di una rivisitazione della legislazione ai fine del miglioramento della qualità dell’assistenza infermieristica
L'apprendimento clinico in simulazione: studio osservazionale sulla soddisfazione percepita dagli studenti di infermieristica [Learning in clinical simulation: observational study on satisfaction perceived by students of nursing]
No full textIntroduzione: la simulazione nel contesto del laboratorio didattico sta divenendo un’importante
metodologia di apprendimento, in quanto consente di riprodurre situazioni clinicoassistenziali
realistiche. Tali attività formative professionalizzanti favoriscono lo sviluppo di
abilità cognitive, affettive e psicomotorie in un contesto pedagogico sicuro e privo di rischi,
ma richiedono di essere valutate con strumenti validi e affidabili.
Obiettivo: indagare il grado di soddisfazione degli studenti di un Corso di Laurea in Infermieristica
del nord Italia riguardo le esercitazioni con simulatori statici e ad alta fedeltà e i
casi clinici.
Metodo: è stato condotto uno studio osservazionale prospettico che ha coinvolto un campione
non probabilistico di 51 studenti del terzo anno durante tutto l'a.a. 2013/14. Lo strumento
di raccolta dati si compone dei 3 questionari Student Satisfaction and Self-confidence in
Learning Scale, Educational Practices Questionnaire, Simulation Design Scale e di 3 domande
sulla soddisfazione complessiva. L'analisi statistica è stata condotta con i programmi SPSS
vers. demo. ed Excel di Office 2003.
Risultati e Conclusioni: il tasso di risposta ottenuto è dell’89,5%. L’Alfa di Cronbach, ha
evidenziato un’affidabilità interna ottima ( = .982). Gli studenti sono stati complessivamente
soddisfatti delle attività svolte nel laboratorio didattico, dimostrando più entusiasmo
per la simulazione con i manichini statici (71%) e con i simulatori ad alta fedeltà (60%), attività
per le quali hanno avvertito un significativo coinvolgimento e apprendimento attivo. La
didattica con i casi clinici ha ottenuto un grado di soddisfazione minore (38%) e per questo
metodo si è riscontrato il maggior numero di elementi di debolezza.
Parole chiave: studenti infermieri, simulazione, strategia di apprendimento attivo, simulatori
ad alta fedeltà, soddisfazioneINTRODUCTION:
Simulation in the context of the educational workshop is becoming an important learning method, as it allows to play realistic clinical-care situations. These vocational training activities promote the development of cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills in a pedagogical context safe and risk-free, but need to be accounted for using by valid and reliable instruments.
AIM:
To inspect the level of satisfaction of the students of a Degree in Nursing in northern Italy about static and high-fidelity exercises with simulators and clinical cases.
METHODS:
A prospective observational study has been conducted involving a non-probabili- stic sample of 51 third-year students throughout the academic year 2013/14. The data collection instrument consists of three questionnaires Student Satisfaction and Self-confidence in Learning Scale, Educational Practices Questionnaire, Simulation Design Scale and 3 questions on overall satisfaction. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0 and Office 2003 Excel.
RESULT AND CONCLUSION:
The response rate of 89.5% is obtained. The Cronbach Alfa showed a good internal reliability (α = .982). The students were generally satisfied with the activities carried out in the teaching laboratory, showing more enthusiasm for the simulation with static mannequins (71%) and with high-fidelity simulators (60%), activities for which they have experienced a significant involvement and active learning. The teaching with clinical cases scored a lesser degree of satisfaction (38%) and for this method it was found the largest number of elements of weakness
Validation of the Italian version of Behavioral Pain Scale in sedated, intubated, and mechanically ventilated pediatric patients
Full text linkBackground and aim: Pain assessment in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is a demanding challenge. The COMFORT-B scale is recognized as the gold standard in such patients. However, the use of this instrument in PICU setting is disputed. The Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS), instead, is considered to be the gold standard for pain assessment in deeply sedated, mechanically ventilated adult patients. The BPS has been validated in Italian, requires a short observation time compared to the COMFORT-B and does not increase workloads. A first evaluation of BPS was made in PICU with good results regarding face validity and content validity, however suggesting further studies given the small sample on which it was tested. The aim of this study was the validation of the BPS in sedated, intubated, and mechanically ventilated pediatric patients. Methods: A descriptive, comparative design was used. A convenience sample of 84 non-verbal, sedated and mechanically ventilated critical care pediatric patients was included. Patient pain was assessed concurrently with three observational scales (BPS, COMFORT-B, NRS) before, during and after routine procedures that are considered painful and non-painful. Results: Internal consistency was α = .86. Correlations between BPS and the other instruments were high, demonstrating a good concurrent validity of the BPS. T test and assessment of ROC curves demonstrated a good discriminant validity of the BPS. Conclusions: The BPS proved to be valid and reliable for the assessment of pain also in the use with pediatric patients
Violence against nurses in the triage area: a mixed-methods study
No full textIntroduction
Workplace violence is a serious occupational problem among nurses in emergency departments. The aim of this study was to better understand workplace violence experienced by triage nurses.
Methods
A mixed-methods study was carried out with 27 Italian nurses involved in the triage area of an emergency department. Quantitative data were collected using the Violent Incident Form and qualitative data were obtained from 3 focus groups.
Results
Ninety-six percent of triage nurses had suffered an episode of violence during the previous year. Participants reported that perpetrators of violence were primarily patients' relatives or friends (62%), usually male and in a lucid state of consciousness. The aggressor was a male patient in 31% of violent episodes. Male nurses reported only verbal abuse, unlike female nurses who suffered both physical and verbal episodes. Females received assistance from other staff during the aggression event more frequently than males, and females more frequently suffered from physical injury. Only physical and verbal aggressions were associated with physical injury. Four main themes emerged from the focus groups.
Discussion
Nurses reported that high exposure to workplace violence in triaging had significant consequences on their psychological well-being and on their behavior at work and at home. Violence, perceived as a personal and/or professional injury owing to insufficient organizational support, led professionals to experience feelings of resignation and to believe that abuse was an inevitable part of the job. Nevertheless, in our study, the precipitating factors were investigated, suggesting several possible solutions to limit this phenomenon
Estimation of the optimal time needed for weaning of Intensive Care Unit tracheostomized patients on mechanical ventilation. A prospective observational study
Full text linkBackground and aim: Determining the time that is required for weaning, as well as the factors that influence it can be used for the appropriate planning of patient's medical and nursing care. The aim of this study is to estimate the optimal time an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patient with tracheostomy needs to wean from mechanical ventilation. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 162 patients from two general hospitals in Athens, Greece. A specially designed recording form was created to conduct the study. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v.25 for Windows was used to record and analyze the data. The level of statistical significance was set at α=5%. Results: Results were found after comparing and associating the demographic and clinical characteristics and medical history of patients with the duration of weaning, the length of post-tracheostomy ICU stay and the time from intubation to tracheostomy. Conclusions: According to the results of our study, there are various factors that affect success and duration of weaning. More specifically, there seems to be an association between duration of weaning and age, number of closure attempts, success of closure, time from intubation to tracheostomy, length of the patient's post-tracheostomy ICU stay and diagnosis upon admission. The shorter the duration of weaning, the greater the benefits for the patients themselves, such us avoiding respiratory damage, reduction of mortality and morbidity and preventing of length of patient's ICU stay
Nursing students' experiences of and satisfaction with the clinical learning environment: the role of educational models in the simulation laboratory and in clinical practice
No full textBackground and aim of the work: Student satisfaction is an important element of the effectiveness of clinical placement, but there is little consensus in the literature as to the preferred model of clinical experience for undergraduate nursing students. The aim of this study was assess, for each academic year, students’ perception of the roles of nurse teachers (NT) and clinical nurse supervisors (CNS) who perform tutoring in both apprenticeship and laboratories and to identify and evaluate students’ satisfaction with the environment of clinical learning. Method: This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 173 nursing students in the Northern Italy. The research instrument used is the Clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher (CLES+T) evaluation scale. Data were statistically analysed. Results: 94% of our sample answered questionnaires. Students expressed a higher level of satisfaction with their training experiences. The highest mean value was in the sub-dimension “Pedagogical atmosphere on the ward”. Third year students expressed higher satisfaction levels in their relationship with the CNS and lower satisfaction levels in their relationship with the NT. This result may be due to the educational model that is adopted in the course, in which the simulation laboratory didactic activities of the third year are conducted by CNS, who also supervises experiences of clinical learning in the clinical practice. Conclusions: The main finding in this study was that the students’ satisfaction with the supervisory relationship and the role of NT depend on how supervision in the clinical practice and in the simulation laboratory is organized
AI and Big Data: Current and Future Nursing Practitioners’ Views on Future of Healthcare Education Provision
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) is defined as "the capacity of a computer, robot, programmed device, or software application to perform operations and tasks analogous to learning and decision making in humans, such as speech recognition or question answering. Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) represent an example of this promising technology as it is designed to communicate and interact with people similarly to a human being". The introduction of any form of AI based technologies could be beneficial in nursing education and healthcare provision. A questionnaire co-created with ChatGPT was administered to nursing students, nurses and educators aiming at exploring how those technologies would impact on the world of healthcare and education. 176 participants were recruited. Data analysis showed that the perceived potential benefits of introducing AI include: improved quality of nursing care, of the diagnostic process and of job satisfaction. Conversely, some of the risks would be: limited opportunities to critical thinking and reduction of interaction and collaboration
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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