1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Chemistry of the interstellar medium : from diffuse to dense
No full textL’évolution chimique des phases les plus diffuses aux plus denses du milieu interstellaireest un processus continu : la composition chimique du milieu interstellairedans une phase dépend de sa composition dans sa phase antérieure.Les études, qui s’intéressent à la chimie du milieu dense et froid ainsi qu’à l’évolutionde sa composition au cours du temps, font de fortes hypothèses sur son évolutiondepuis le milieu diffus.L’objectif de ma thèse a donc été de suivre l’évolution de la chimie de la matièreinterstellaire du milieu diffus jusqu’à la formation des nuages denses.J’ai pour cela utilisé un modèle de chimie gaz-grain dépendant du temps que j’aisignificativement contribué à améliorer pour la partie chimie de surface. J’ai dansun premier temps suivi une approche "classique" (c.-à-d. : semblable aux études préexistantes)de la modélisation des régions froides. Cela m’a permis d’étudier en détailles processus physiques et chimiques à l’origine de la complexité moléculaire dans lesnuages denses et froids et de comparer les prédictions du modèle avec les études existantes.Dans une deuxième partie, j’ai appliqué ce modèle pour suivre l’évolution de lacomposition chimique du milieu interstellaire au cours du processus de formation desnuages moléculaires à partir du milieu diffus. Pour cette étude, j’ai utilisé les résultatsd’une simulation hydrodynamique à l’échelle galactique. Cela m’a permis de montrerque l’histoire de l’évolution des conditions physiques dans les phases antérieures à laformation des nuages moléculaires peut avoir un impact significatif sur la compositionchimique de ces derniers.The chemical evolution from the most diffuse parts of the interstellar medium tothe formation of dense clouds is a continuous process : the chemical composition inone phase depends on the chemical composition in the previous one.However, most studies of the time dependent chemistry in the cold and dense interstellarmedium make strong assumptions on the transition between diffuse and densemedium.The goal of my thesis was to study the chemical evolution of the interstellar mediumfrom the most diffuse parts to the formation of dense clouds in a continuousway.To do so, I used a time dependent gas-grain model that I significantly contributedto improve for the treatment of the surface chemistry. In a first part, I followed a "classical"approach (i.e. : similar to most of the pre-existing studies) to model cold denseclouds. This allowed me to study in details the physical and the chemical mechanismsresponsible for the chemical complexity of dense clouds and to compare the modelpredictions with the existing literature. In a second part, I applied this model to followthe evolution of the chemical composition during the formation process of denseclouds from the diffuse medium. I used results from an hydrodynamical simulation ofthe interstellar medium at galactic scales. This study allowed me to show that the pastphysical history of each particles that form the dense clouds have a significant impacton their chemical composition
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Chimie du milieu interstellaire : du diffus au dense
No full textThe chemical evolution from the most diffuse parts of the interstellar medium tothe formation of dense clouds is a continuous process : the chemical composition inone phase depends on the chemical composition in the previous one.However, most studies of the time dependent chemistry in the cold and dense interstellarmedium make strong assumptions on the transition between diffuse and densemedium.The goal of my thesis was to study the chemical evolution of the interstellar mediumfrom the most diffuse parts to the formation of dense clouds in a continuousway.To do so, I used a time dependent gas-grain model that I significantly contributedto improve for the treatment of the surface chemistry. In a first part, I followed a "classical"approach (i.e. : similar to most of the pre-existing studies) to model cold denseclouds. This allowed me to study in details the physical and the chemical mechanismsresponsible for the chemical complexity of dense clouds and to compare the modelpredictions with the existing literature. In a second part, I applied this model to followthe evolution of the chemical composition during the formation process of denseclouds from the diffuse medium. I used results from an hydrodynamical simulation ofthe interstellar medium at galactic scales. This study allowed me to show that the pastphysical history of each particles that form the dense clouds have a significant impacton their chemical composition.L’évolution chimique des phases les plus diffuses aux plus denses du milieu interstellaireest un processus continu : la composition chimique du milieu interstellairedans une phase dépend de sa composition dans sa phase antérieure.Les études, qui s’intéressent à la chimie du milieu dense et froid ainsi qu’à l’évolutionde sa composition au cours du temps, font de fortes hypothèses sur son évolutiondepuis le milieu diffus.L’objectif de ma thèse a donc été de suivre l’évolution de la chimie de la matièreinterstellaire du milieu diffus jusqu’à la formation des nuages denses.J’ai pour cela utilisé un modèle de chimie gaz-grain dépendant du temps que j’aisignificativement contribué à améliorer pour la partie chimie de surface. J’ai dansun premier temps suivi une approche "classique" (c.-à-d. : semblable aux études préexistantes)de la modélisation des régions froides. Cela m’a permis d’étudier en détailles processus physiques et chimiques à l’origine de la complexité moléculaire dans lesnuages denses et froids et de comparer les prédictions du modèle avec les études existantes.Dans une deuxième partie, j’ai appliqué ce modèle pour suivre l’évolution de lacomposition chimique du milieu interstellaire au cours du processus de formation desnuages moléculaires à partir du milieu diffus. Pour cette étude, j’ai utilisé les résultatsd’une simulation hydrodynamique à l’échelle galactique. Cela m’a permis de montrerque l’histoire de l’évolution des conditions physiques dans les phases antérieures à laformation des nuages moléculaires peut avoir un impact significatif sur la compositionchimique de ces derniers
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Chemistry of the interstellar medium : from diffuse to dense
No full textL’évolution chimique des phases les plus diffuses aux plus denses du milieu interstellaireest un processus continu : la composition chimique du milieu interstellairedans une phase dépend de sa composition dans sa phase antérieure.Les études, qui s’intéressent à la chimie du milieu dense et froid ainsi qu’à l’évolutionde sa composition au cours du temps, font de fortes hypothèses sur son évolutiondepuis le milieu diffus.L’objectif de ma thèse a donc été de suivre l’évolution de la chimie de la matièreinterstellaire du milieu diffus jusqu’à la formation des nuages denses.J’ai pour cela utilisé un modèle de chimie gaz-grain dépendant du temps que j’aisignificativement contribué à améliorer pour la partie chimie de surface. J’ai dansun premier temps suivi une approche "classique" (c.-à-d. : semblable aux études préexistantes)de la modélisation des régions froides. Cela m’a permis d’étudier en détailles processus physiques et chimiques à l’origine de la complexité moléculaire dans lesnuages denses et froids et de comparer les prédictions du modèle avec les études existantes.Dans une deuxième partie, j’ai appliqué ce modèle pour suivre l’évolution de lacomposition chimique du milieu interstellaire au cours du processus de formation desnuages moléculaires à partir du milieu diffus. Pour cette étude, j’ai utilisé les résultatsd’une simulation hydrodynamique à l’échelle galactique. Cela m’a permis de montrerque l’histoire de l’évolution des conditions physiques dans les phases antérieures à laformation des nuages moléculaires peut avoir un impact significatif sur la compositionchimique de ces derniers.The chemical evolution from the most diffuse parts of the interstellar medium tothe formation of dense clouds is a continuous process : the chemical composition inone phase depends on the chemical composition in the previous one.However, most studies of the time dependent chemistry in the cold and dense interstellarmedium make strong assumptions on the transition between diffuse and densemedium.The goal of my thesis was to study the chemical evolution of the interstellar mediumfrom the most diffuse parts to the formation of dense clouds in a continuousway.To do so, I used a time dependent gas-grain model that I significantly contributedto improve for the treatment of the surface chemistry. In a first part, I followed a "classical"approach (i.e. : similar to most of the pre-existing studies) to model cold denseclouds. This allowed me to study in details the physical and the chemical mechanismsresponsible for the chemical complexity of dense clouds and to compare the modelpredictions with the existing literature. In a second part, I applied this model to followthe evolution of the chemical composition during the formation process of denseclouds from the diffuse medium. I used results from an hydrodynamical simulation ofthe interstellar medium at galactic scales. This study allowed me to show that the pastphysical history of each particles that form the dense clouds have a significant impacton their chemical composition
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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