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    Determinants of Corporate Social Disclosure in the Franchising Sector: Insights from French Franchisors’ Websites

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    This paper focuses on the notion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within the franchising sector. More specifically, a set of research hypotheses derived from Regulation Theory and Transaction Cost Analysis addresses the relationships first between the chain size and the extent of corporate social disclosure (CSD) on franchisors' websites, and then between the percentage of company-owned units within the chain and the extent of corporate social disclosure (CSD) on franchisors' websites. The empirical study encompasses a total of 136 French franchise chains. Findings reveal that 86.03% of these franchisors communicate about their CSR activities on their website. Moreover, a significant relationship exists between chain size (respectively, the percentage of company-owned units within the chain) and the extent of CSD provided on franchisors' websites.Franchising, Corporate social responsibility, Corporate social disclosure, Chain size, Percentage of company-owned units

    Services vs retail chains: are there any differences?

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    An exploration of franchising in Africa

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    Franchising in the healthcare sector: The case of Child and Family Wellness clinics in Kenya

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    International audienceFranchising has been growing in most countries and most industries, and it is now growing in social sectors, e.g., healthcare, education, the provision of water. The aim of this paper is to understand and assess, using the case study of Child and Family Wellness clinics (CFW), the business model used by franchisors in the social sector; i.e., how franchisors use the core elements of franchising to manage their networks in the social sector. This research deals with three main elements of franchising, i.e., know-how, assistance and brand name, as well as the franchisor/franchisee and franchisee/franchisee relationships. The empirical work, based on the Child and Family Wellness clinics (CFW) network in Kenya, relies on primary data gathered through the conduction and analysis of 19 in-depth interviews and on secondary data from access to internal data. The main findings of this research show that franchising in the social sector seems to work no differently from franchising in more traditional sectors, at least in terms of know-how, assistance, brand name and franchisor/franchisee and franchisee/franchisee relationships. This research serves as an example and a set of guidelines for entrepreneurs who want to develop a franchise concept in the healthcare sector or any other social sectors, as well as a support for these entrepreneurs to develop and grow their concept. It can provide them with ideas on what should be implemented in the areas of know-how, assistance, brand name and relationships in order to succeed, e.g., organization of training sessions, setting up of committees

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Determinants of E-commerce adoption by franchisors: Insights from the U.S. market

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    E-commerce has grown tremendously over the past decade. This paper focuses on E-commerce adoption within the franchising sector. We formulate various hypotheses on the factors that influence the adoption of an E-commerce strategy by franchisors, namely the percentage of company-owned stores in the network, network size and age, franchisor resources (franchising fees and franchising royalties), and the allocation of exclusive territories to franchisees. The empirical study relies on a sample of 486 franchise networks in the U.S. market. Our findings suggest that the percentage of company-owned stores and the brand image, as represented by network size, both exert a significant and positive impact on the adoption of an E-commerce strategy, whereas network age and franchising royalties exert a significant and negative impact on the adoption of such a strategy. These findings are discussed with respect to previous research results.E-commerce, franchising, determinants, plural form, brand image, franchisors' resources
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