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CAN THE NON-HUMAN SUBALTERN SPEAK? ADDRESSING INJUSTICE THROUGH PARAKEETS, PENGUINS AND BLUE MACAWS
Get PDFCan the Non-Human Subaltern Speak? Addressing Injustice through Parakeets, Penguins and Blue Macaws. Anthropomorphic animals have formed a staple part of the human imagination across space and time, creating a liminal space that offers scope for eco-critical narratives in which anthropomorphic animals offer a counter-gaze to human activities and environmental injustice. The purpose of this study is to look at the characters of Rio, Happy Feet, and Delhi Safari to highlight how talking animals in each of the three animated films voice environmental concerns, and to delineate linguistic factors which regulate the dynamics of power, agency, and care. The article looks at Delhi Safari, which centres on the non-humans’ use of the human tongue to voice their woes before human authority. At the same time, it aims to delineate human attempts to talk to birds in Rio and delve into the very idea of endangered animals being companion species. It seeks to shift from linguistic modes of communication to analyse the narrative and meta-narrative messages conveyed through the dancing penguins of Happy Feet. Finally, the article hopes to address the use and misuse of care by both humans and non-humans, look at the implicit anthropocentrism in such a depiction, and consider the possibility of a truly post-human form of environmental ethics.
Article history: Received 16 February 2022; Revised 1 May 2022; Accepted 6 May 2022; Available online 30 June 2022; Available print 30 June 2022.
REZUMAT. Poate vorbi subalternul non-uman? Despre nedreptate cu ajutorul papagalilor, pinguinilor și macau-ilor albaștri. Animalele antropomorfe fac parte din imaginarul uman de pretutindeni și din toate timpurile, formând un spațiu liminal ce oferă amplitudine narațiunilor eco-critice în care animalele antropomorfe propun o contra-privire asupra activităților umane și asupra nedreptății în mediul înconjurător. Scopul studiului de față este să analizeze personajele din Rio, Happy feet și Delhi Safari, pentru a evidenția modul în care animalele vorbitoare din cele trei filme de animație exprimă preocupări în privința mediului, și pentru a contura factorii lingvistici care reglementează dinamica relațiilor de putere, acțiune, și grijă. Articolul discută filmul Delhi Safari, care se concentrează asupra vorbirii umane a personajelor non-umane pentru a da glas suferințelor lor în fața autorității umane. În același timp, lucrarea dorește să circumscrie încercările umane de a vorbi cu păsările di Rio și să ofere o incursiune în însăși ideea de animale aflate în pericol ca fiind specii de companie. De asemenea, trece de la modurile de comunicare lingvistică la a analiza mesajele narative și meta-narative transmise de pinguinii dansatori din Happy Feet. În fine, articolul dorește să discute uzul și abuzul grijii, atât de către oameni cât și de către non-umani, să ofere o perspectivă asupra antropocentrismului implicit într-o astfel de prezentare, și să ia în considerare posibilitatea unei forme cu adevărat post-umane de etică a mediului.
Cuvinte-cheie: eco-critică, postumanism lingvistic și de mediu, post-antropocentrism, non-uman, studii critice despre animale, semiotică, zonă de contac
Doğanın Geri Dönüşü: James Cameron’ın Avatar'ının Eko-eleştirel Anlatılarına İnsan Sonrası Bir Bakış
Get PDFThe success of James Cameron’s Avatar can be located in its stunning visuals, imaginative world-building and a straight-forward narrative propounding colonial and ecological concerns, which culminate in the oppressed successfully rooting out the white, Eurocentric oppressor. However, such allegorizing is limited by a gaze that locates the “human” as separate from the “animal” and “nature”. This study aims to analyse the speculative biology of Pandora and its symbiotic ecosystem, which is posited as “better” than the ‘invading’ humans’ metal-based technology. It questions the romanticised idea of nature as an assemblage of indigenous people, fauna and flora. Finally, this paper investigates the various anthropocentric currents running through the film, critiques the Na’vi’s subtle ‘humanistic’ dominance over other fauna, and delves into the possibility of adopting a truly unbiased lens to encapsulate the experiences of the marginalized non-human.James Cameron’ın Avatar’ının başarısının sırrı onun çarpıcı görsellerinde, hayali dünya inşasında ve sömürgeci-ekolojik kaygıları öneçıkartan beyaz ve Avrupa-merkezci tahakküm kuran bakış açısında bulunabilir. Ancak bu tür bir alegorik anlatımın, “insan”ı “hayvan” ve “doğa”dan ayrı olarak konumlandıran bir bakış ile sınırlı olduğu açıktır. Bu çalışma, Pandora’nın yoruma açık biyolojisini ve “istilacı” insanların metal-bazlı teknolojisinden “daha iyi” olduğu öne sürülen ortak yaşama dayalı ekosistemini analiz etmeyi amaçlamakta ve yerli halkın, faunanın ve floranın romantize edilmiş doğa tasavvurunu sorgulamaktadır. Son olarak, bu makale film boyunca görünür olan çeşitli insan merkezli tasavvurları değerlendiriyor, Na’vi’nin faunanın diğer bölgeleri üzerindeki kırılgan “hümanist” hakimiyetini eleştiriyor ve ötelenmiş insan-dışı tecrübeleri gerçekten tarafsız bir mercek ile tahayyül etme olasılığını araştırmaktadır
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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