1,895 research outputs found
Topological duality on the function space H(CN)
No full textBy a classical theorem, there is an isomorphism between the space of entire functions of exponential type on Cn,ExpCn, and the analytic functions on H(Cn),H′(Cn) [see, for example, F. Trèves, Topological vector spaces, distributions, and kernels, Academic Press, New York, 1967; MR0225131 (37 #726)]. In this note, the author extends this useful theorem to H(CN), the space of analytic functions on the countable product of complex lines. Specifically, he considers H(CN) endowed with the compact-open topology τ0 and the associated bornological topology τδ. For both τ=τ0 and τδ, the author characterizes the strong duals (H(CN),τ)′ as spaces of entire functions of exponential type on CN. {Reviewer's remark: In the meantime the author has shown (private communication) that these dual spaces are different.}Depto. de Análisis Matemático y Matemática AplicadaFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasTRUEpu
Diabetes mellitus type 2 in urban Ghana: characteristics and associated factors.
No full textBACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa faces a rapid spread of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) but its potentially specific characteristics are inadequately defined. In this hospital-based study in Kumasi, Ghana, we aimed at characterizing clinical, anthropometric, socio-economic, nutritional and behavioural parameters of DM2 patients and at identifying associated factors.
METHODS: Between August 2007 and June 2008, 1466 individuals were recruited from diabetes and hypertension clinics, outpatients, community, and hospital staff. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum lipids and urinary albumin were measured. Physical examination, anthropometry, and interviews on medical history, socio-economic status (SES), physical activity and nutritional behaviour were performed.
RESULTS: The majority of the 675 DM2 patients (mean FPG, 8.31 mmol/L) was female (75%) and aged 40-60 years (mean, 55 years). DM2 was known in 97% of patients, almost all were on medication. Many had hypertension (63%) and microalbuminuria (43%); diabetic complications occurred in 20%. Overweight (body mass index > 25 kg/m2), increased body fat (> 20% (male), > 33% (female)), and central adiposity (waist-to-hip ratio > 0.90 (male), > 0.85 (female)) were frequent occurring in 53%, 56%, and 75%, respectively. Triglycerides were increased (≥ 1.695 mmol/L) in 31% and cholesterol (≥ 5.17 mmol/L) in 65%. Illiteracy (46%) was high and SES indicators generally low. Factors independently associated with DM2 included a diabetes family history (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 3.8; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 2.6-5.5), abdominal adiposity (aOR, 2.6; 95%CI, 1.8-3.9), increased triglycerides (aOR, 1.8; 95%CI, 1.1-3.0), and also several indicators of low SES.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study from urban Ghana, DM2 affects predominantly obese patients of rather low socio-economic status and frequently is accompanied by hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Prevention and management need to account for a specific risk profile in this population
Structural and transport properties of neutral radical crystals of Co-III(tmp)(CN)(2) (tmp=5,10,15,20-tetramethylporphyrinato) and the CN-bridged polymer [Co-III( tmp)(CN)](n)
No full textAn axially ligated Co(tmp) (tmp = 5,10,15,20-tetramethylporphyrinato) anion, [Co-III(tmp)(CN)(2)](-), has been prepared and subjected to electrochemical oxidation to obtain the open shell tmp pi-ligand. With acetone as the solvent, solvent-free neutral radical crystals of Co-III(tmp)(CN)(2) are obtained, whereas solvent-inclusive crystals of Co-III(tmp)(CN)(2)center dot 2CH(3)CN are obtained with CH3CN as the solvent. In both crystals, the open shell tmp ring deforms into a ruffled form, which makes the pi-pi interactions in the crystal weak. Thus, the electrical conductivity is low, and the crystals behave as semiconductors with a room temperature resistivity of 10(6) Omega cm and an activation energy of about 0.3 eV. When the solvent is acetone, non-oxidized crystals of the CN-bridged polymer {[Co-III(tmp)(CN)](acetone)}(n) are obtained as a byproduct. The closed shell tmp ring deforms into a ruffled form, and there pi-pi interactions in the crystal are negligible. The room temperature resistivity is rather high at about 10(8) Omega cm
Isovariant maps from free Cn-manifolds to representation spheres
No full textAbstractThe isovariant version of Borsuk–Ulam type theorems has been studied by Wasserman and the first author. In this paper, first we consider the relation between the existence of Cn-isovariant maps from free Cn-manifolds to representation spheres and Borsuk–Ulam type inequalities for their dimensions. Our main result classifies the Cn-isovariant maps by Cn-isovariant homotopy types when a Borsuk–Ulam type inequality holds. For proving it, we use the multidegree of a Cn-equivariant map developed by the first author
ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY AND PREDISSOCIATION DYNAMICS OF Ne-CN
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, Emory UniversityIn previous work we have recorded and analyzed three bands of Ne-CN which were associated with the CN B-X 0-0 transition. These features were assigned to the electronic origin and two internal rotor levels [Y. Lin and M. C. Heaven, J. Chen. Phys. 94, 5765(1991)]. More recently we have re-examined the spectrum in the vicinity of the CN 0-0 transition, and recorded spectra for the bands associated with the CN 1-0 transition. Ten previously unobserved bands have been characterized. Features corresponding to multiple excitations of the internal rotor mode, and excitation of the CN-Ne stretch, are present. We are in the process of fitting a two-dimensional potential energy surface to this date. A search for Ne-CN bands associated with the CN 3-0 transition was made. A single feature, with a homogenously broadened national envelope, was observed next to the CN , 3-0, R(1) line. Complex features associated with the transition could not be found. A possible explanation for these results in that is subject to rapid predissociations caused by spin-orbit relaxation and internal conversion. The fact that fluorescence cannot be seen following excitation of the lower energy spin-orbit component suggests that internal conversion is much faster that A state radiative decay. Observation of fluorescence following excitation of the higher energy spin-orbit component would then imply that spin-orbit relaxation ) is much faster that internal conversion. These speculations are being explored in a series of opticalûoptical double resonance experiments
INSTABILITIES IN THE ELPASOLITE STRUCTURES: AND
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, The University of TexasThe structural phase transformations in and have been probed using Raman scattering and optical microscopy. The salt undergoes two phase transformations while the salt is observed optically to have one phase change . The phase change in the salt is 1st order involving rotation of the octahedra. The transition is 2nd order with the structural distortion proceeding along a soft translational mode. The phase transformation in involves a simultaneous distortion among the same two phonons. The structural instabilities for these two salts are the same as those observed for other salts indicating that materials with the elpasolite structure may share a common lattice instability. The transition temperatures for salts correlate with the size of the site, as is consistent with the earlier suggestion that the major driving force for the instabilities in these materials results from atoms occupying too large a site in the cubic lattice. As the site size decreases, the high temperature cubic cell is stabilized thereby lowering the critical temperatures for the phase transformations. The correlation of site size and the critical temperature is not maintained in comparison of the and salts. The unusual behavior of the material has been attributed to a cooperative interaction of the external phonon instabilities with the internal forces of the complexion
Spectral Characteristics of CN Radical (B -> X) and Its Application in Determination of Rotational and Vibrational Temperatures of Plasma
No full textThe aim is to resolve the difficulties of measurement of temperature at several thousands of Celsius degrees for some unstable non-equilibrium gas flows. Based on the molecular spectroscopy theory and inherent molecular structure characteristics of the CN radical, the dependence of the spectral profile on the rotational temperature (RT), vibrational temperature (VT) and optical apparatus function are numerically explored within some certain ranges. Meanwhile, by comparing the numerically calculated spectra with the experimental spectra of the CN radical, the corresponding RT and VT of the plasma induced by the interaction of the laser pulse from an oscillated Nd:YAG laser with the coal target are determined, respectively. In addition, a short discussion on the thermodynamic state and the energy transfer process of the CN radical is also given
Eastern Europe's experience with banking reform : is there a role for banks in the transition?
No full textAre there lessons to be learned about how Eastern European countries have dealt with problems in their banking systems? What role have these countries assigned to banks during the transition? How have they used banks in dealing with the enterprise problem? The author addresses these questions by analyzing experience in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. Most of these countries have made substantial progress in restructuring their banking systems, but few have used their banking systems to improve the allocation of credit and hence stimulate the supply response. The author finds the following. The problem is not whether banks hold nonperforming loans but how banks can avoid accumulating more nonperforming loans. The underlying problem is how to close loss-making and nonviable enterprises. The countries that have encouraged the establishment of new private banks, that have introduced regulation and supervision, and that have tried to make banks more competitive have been more successful at improving the allocation of credit and achieving more control over loss-making enterprises. Banks must focus on assessing risk - and for this, capital, private ownership, and adequate regulation are crucial. How quickly banks achieve independence in credit decisions depends on how fast new governance structures can be introduced. In this, the five countries have been less successful. The objectives of bank recapitulation should be to prevent banks from accumulating more nonperforming loans (that is, dealing with the enterprise problem) and to give them the governance structure that would prevent them from incurring new nonperforming loans. This requires introducing a system of risk and reward - by making banks comply with capital adequacy requirements, by privatizing a critical number of banks, and by introducing strong regulation and supervision. Government should see that banks provide efficient payment systems, the basis for trust in banking systems. Introducing adequate regulation and supervision has been difficult as it requires knowing what the banks'role should be. Evidence strongly supports the need to recapitalize and privatize a critical number of banks. Authorities cannot rely on banks to exert control on enterprises early in the transition. In the early stages, control over state-owned enterprises should be exercised by a semipublic institution.Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Municipal Financial Management,Banking Law
ISOTOPIC SELECTIVITY IN THE ELECTRONIC PREDISSOCIATION DYNAMICS OF CLUSTERS
No full textH.-S. Lin, M. G. Erickson, Y. Lin, W.G. Lawrence, M.C. Heaven, Chem. Phys. 189, 235(1994)Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Emory University clusters with an average size of n=100, were prepared in a supersonic expansion. Electronic excitation of the clusters to was followed by electronic predissociation. In a previous low-resolution , it was proposed that predissociation involved the ejection of free from the surface of the cluster. In the present work, OODR techniques were used to demonstrate that free was produced. Interestingly, although a natural isotopic mixture of CN was used , similar quantities of fragments were detected. The product state distributions resulting from predissociation, and the isotopic selectivity of the dynamics will be discussed
Optimal design of experiments with simulation models of nearly saturated queues
No full textexperimental design;simulation models;queueing network;regression analysis
- …
