1,720,965 research outputs found
Author Correction: Reliability of high-quantity human brain organoids for modeling microcephaly, glioma invasion and drug screening
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Reliability of high-quantity human brain organoids for modeling microcephaly, glioma invasion and drug screening
No full textAbstract Brain organoids offer unprecedented insights into brain development and disease modeling and hold promise for drug screening. Significant hindrances, however, are morphological and cellular heterogeneity, inter-organoid size differences, cellular stress, and poor reproducibility. Here, we describe a method that reproducibly generates thousands of organoids across multiple hiPSC lines. These High Quantity brain organoids (Hi-Q brain organoids) exhibit reproducible cytoarchitecture, cell diversity, and functionality, are free from ectopically active cellular stress pathways, and allow cryopreservation and re-culturing. Patient-derived Hi-Q brain organoids recapitulate distinct forms of developmental defects: primary microcephaly due to a mutation in CDK5RAP2 and progeria-associated defects of Cockayne syndrome. Hi-Q brain organoids displayed a reproducible invasion pattern for a given patient-derived glioma cell line. This enabled a medium-throughput drug screen to identify Selumetinib and Fulvestrant, as inhibitors of glioma invasion in vivo. Thus, the Hi-Q approach can easily be adapted to reliably harness brain organoids’ application for personalized neurogenetic disease modeling and drug discovery.Deutsche Krebshilfe https://doi.org/10.13039/501100005972Fritz Thyssen Stiftung https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003390Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002347Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Volkswagen Foundation https://doi.org/10.13039/50110000166
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
HIV-1 Persistenz in humanen neuralen Progenitorpopulationen
Full text linkHIV-1 ist ein neurotrophes Virus und kann im Gehirn über Jahre verbleiben. Während bekannt ist, dass Astrozyten ein zelluläres Reservoir für das Virus im Gehirn bilden, ist die Infektion anderer neuraler Zellen des ZNS noch ziemlich unklar. Neurale Progenitorzellen sind mulitpotente, sich selbsterneuernden Zellen des fetalen und des adulten Gehirns, die in der Lage sind, sich in Neuronen, Oligodendrozyten und Astrozyten zu differenzieren. Es konnte bereits gezeigt werden, dass diese Zellen durch das HI-Virus infiziert werden können. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war nun, zu untersuchen, ob diese Zellpopulation ein weiteres mögliches Reservoir für das Virus darstellen könnte.
Als Zellkulturmodell wurde die neurale Progenitorzelllinie HNSC.100 verwendet. Sie konnte zum einen als proliferierende Progenitorpopulation kultiviert werden und zum anderen auch, nach gezielter Differenzierung mittels des Zytokins CNTF, als Modellsystem für Astrozyten. Die beiden HNSC.100-Populationen zeigten verlässliche funktionale und phenotypische Unterschiede. Zur Untersuchung des Differenzierungsstatuses konnte eine transgene Zellpopulation etabliert werden, welche eine differenzierungsabhängige Expression des EGFP-Proteins zeigt.
Die Progenitorzelllinie HNSC.100 wurden mittels zellfreiem HIV-1 infiziert und die HIV-Infektion über einen Zeitraum von vier Monaten untersucht. Die Bestimmung der Proviruskopienzahl zeigte, dass die Zellpopulation während der gesamten Beobachtungsperiode infiziert blieb. Die infizierte Progenitorpopulation setzte über 60 Tage lang moderate Mengen an HIV frei, danach sank die Virusproduktion der Zellen ab. Die Progenitorzellen bildeten jedoch weiterhin virale RNA-Transkripte. Durch Induktion der Astrogenese oder Behandlung der Zellen mit dem proinflammatorischen Zytokin TNF- konnte die Virusproduktion der infizierten Progenitorzellen vorübergehend wieder aktiviert werden. Die Langzeit-Infektion der neuralen Progenitorpopulation hatte Auswirkungen auf einige zelluläre Eigenschaften der Zellen: die GFAP-Produktion der Zellen nahm im Verlauf der Infektion zu, die Zellen zeigten eine veränderte Zellmorphologie und die Differenzierung in reife Neuronen war beeinträchtigt.
Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass HIV in neuralen Progenitorzellpopulationen persistieren kann und dabei zelluläre Eigenschaften der Population verändert
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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