1,720,993 research outputs found
Does tenofovir influence efavirenz pharmacokinetics?
No full textINTRODUCTION: A recent report described a possible interaction between tenofovir (TFV) and efavirenz (EFV). Patients developed neuropsychiatric manifestations upon introduction of TFV on a stable EFV-containing regimen. We evaluated the possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction between TFV and EFV by assessing cross-sectional and longitudinal data in 169 individuals receiving EFV. RESULTS: EFV plasma area-under-the-curve (AUC) levels were comparable among individuals receiving (n=18) or not receiving TFV (n=151); 57,962 versus 52,293 ng*h/ml. However, under conditions of limited EFV metabolism, that is, the group of 23 individuals carrying two copies of CYP2B6 loss/diminished-function alleles, plasma AUC values were highest among individuals receiving TFV (n=5, 353,031 ng*h/ml), compared with those not receiving TFV (n=18, 180,689 ng*h/ml). Statistical analysis identified both a global, sixfold effect of CYP2B6 loss/diminished function (P < 0.0001) and a significant interaction between the number of loss/diminished-function alleles and the co-medication with TFV (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Although there is no clear evidence for a pharmacokinetic interaction between TFV and EFV, we cannot rule out an interaction between these drugs restricted to individuals who are slow EFV metabolizers
Contribution of genetic background, traditional risk factors and HIV-related factors to coronary artery disease events in HIV-positive persons
No full textBackground. HIV-positive persons have increased rates of coronary artery disease (CAD). The relative contribution of genetic background, HIV-related factors, antiretroviral medications, and traditional risk factors to CAD has not been fully evaluated in the setting of HIV infection. Methods. In the general population, 23 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were shown to be associated with CAD through genome-wide association analysis. Using the metabochip, we genotyped 1875 HIV-positive, white individuals enrolled in 24 HIV observational studies, including 571 participants with a first CAD event during the 9-year study period and 1304 controls matched on gender and cohort. Results. A genetic risk score built from 23 CAD-associated SNPs contributed significantly to CAD (P=2.9x10-4). In the final, multivariable model, participants with an unfavorable genetic background (top genetic score quartile) had a CAD odds ratio (OR) of 1.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.04). This effect was similar to hypertension (OR=1.36; 95% CI, 1.06-1.73), hypercholesterolemia (OR=1.51; 95% CI, 1.16-1.96), diabetes (OR=1.66; 95% CI, 1.10-2.49), >1 year lopinavir exposure (OR=1.36; 95% CI, 1.06-1.73) and current abacavir treatment (OR=1.56; 95% CI, 1.17-2.07). The effect of the genetic risk score was additive to the effect of non-genetic CAD risk factors, and did not change after adjustment for family history. Conclusions. In the setting of HIV infection, the effect of an unfavorable genetic background was similar to traditional CAD risk factors and certain adverse antiretroviral exposures. Genetic testing may provide prognostic information complementary to family history of CAD
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
La música i les emocions: proposta didàctica per al primer cicle d’Educació Primària
Full text link[cat] Partint de la base que la música forma part de l’àrea d’educació artística, per tant, contemplada dins el currículum; i que l’educació emocional és un tema transversal, també contemplat dins el currículum, considero adient elaborar una proposta didàctica a partir d’aquests dos preceptes i de la seva fusió dins una aula d’Educació Primària. Aquesta es presenta dividida en dues parts: en primer lloc, trobem exposada la importància que té la música dins una aula i les emocions que aquesta pot arribar a fer sentir; i, en segon lloc, trobem un seguit d’activitats per a poder treballar els dos conceptes. L’objectiu d’aquesta proposta didàctica és desenvolupar la música i les emocions dins les aules; veient, d’aquesta manera, els beneficis que poden generar ambdues per als infants.[eng] Based on the fact that music is part of the area of artistic education, therefore, included in the curriculum; and that emotional education is a cross-sectional theme, also included in the curriculum, I consider it appropriate to make a didactic proposal based on these two precepts and their fusion within a classroom of Primary Education. This is divided into two parts: first, we find exposed the importance of music in a classroom and the emotions that it can make sense; and second, we find a series of activities to be able to work on the two concepts. The aim of this didactic proposal is to develop music and emotions within classrooms; thus, seeing the benefits that can be generated for children
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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