1,720,956 research outputs found
The association between diet and mental health and wellbeing in young adults within a biopsychosocial framework and a planetary health rationale
No full textBackground: Previous research has shown that predominantly plant-based diets can co-benefit human health and the health of the planet. However, studies on their association with mental health are scarce even though mental health disorders contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. This study utilized a biopsychosocial frame to assess this association among undergraduate students as this population is highly vulnerable to mental disorders and simultaneously most likely to adopt a plant-based diet.
Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were collected that included assessments of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and quality of life. Diet was measured through a posteriori self-reported dietary patterns as well as through self-identification with a diet preference category (such as pescatarian, vegetarian, or vegan). Multiple regression analysis was used to test whether plant-based diet preferences or diet patterns were associated with mental health outcomes, controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, sleep, physical activity, body image, stress, stressful life events, and social support. Data were further explored to uncover trends among and characteristics of those following a plant-based diet.
Findings: In this sample (n=339), the majority of students (87.4%, n=298) indicated that they had good to excellent quality of life, while 20.4% (n=69) screened positive for moderately severe or severe depression and 32.4% (n=110) screened positive for moderate or severe anxiety (generally indicating necessity of a clinical intervention). Three dominant dietary patterns were found (plant-based, animal-based, and processed foods); 28.1% (n=95) of participants self-identified as following a predominantly plant-based diet. After controlling for covariables, most notably social support, we found a significant association between the processed food diet pattern and depression (z-score β=.21, p≤.001; adj. R²=.39) and anxiety (z-score β=.14; p≤.001; adj. R²=.32) while no association emerged between diet preference categories and mental wellbeing.
Conclusions: This study showed that diet intake rather than preference category should be considered when examining relationships with mental health outcomes. It further pointed at the importance of conceptualizing diet as a health behaviour that is embedded in a multidimensional biopsychosocial framework and an integrated model for future inquiry in this field was proposed.Medicine, Faculty ofPopulation and Public Health (SPPH), School ofGraduat
Gewalterfahrungen von Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen
No full textGewaltverbrechen gehören zu den führenden Todesursachen weltweit und Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen stellen einerseits eine besonders vulnerable Population dar, andererseits spielen Gewalterfahrungen in der Entstehung von psychischen Erkrankungen eine entscheidende Rolle. Ziel dieser Studie war die Erhebung von Daten zur Viktimisierung von psychisch Kranken innerhalb und außerhalb psychiatrischer Einrichtungen sowie zu Auswirkungen dieser Ereignisse auf emotionale Belastung und Therapiebereitschaft der Patienten. Darüber hinaus sollten mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen erlebten Gewaltereignissen außerhalb und einer erhöhten Prävalenz und vermehrter emotionaler Belastung von Gewaltereignissen innerhalb der psychiatrischen Einrichtungen dargestellt werden.
Die Daten der 170 Teilnehmenden dieser Studie (85 Frauen und 85 Männer) wurden in verschiedenen Einrichtungen des psychiatrischen Versorgungssystems in neun Baden-Württembergischen Landkreisen und einem Stadtkreis erhoben.
Die Teilnehmenden dieser Studie berichten von hohen Lebenszeitprävalenzen von Gewalterfahrungen. Gegenüber Zahlen der Allgemeinbevölkerung fanden wir ein 3- bis 5-fach erhöhtes Risiko für Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen, Opfer von Gewalt zu werden. Die emotionalen Folgebelastungen nach diesen Ereignissen waren hoch, vor allem bei den weiblichen Teilnehmenden. Durch Analyse in einem multivariaten Modell stellten wir fest, dass die Teilnehmenden unter den Gewaltereignissen im Privatleben mehr litten als unter jenen in psychiatrischen Einrichtungen. Zwangsmaßnahmen wurden von den Teilnehmenden tendenziell als wenig hilfreich, wenig erforderlich und wenig notwendig eingeschätzt. Häufige stationäre Aufenthalte, lange Erkrankungsdauer und weibliches Geschlecht (letzteres spezifisch für sexuelle Gewalt) zeigten sich als stärkste Prädiktoren für Gewaltereignisse innerhalb psychiatrischer Einrichtungen. Weitere einzelne Ereignisse wie Eigentumsdelikte im Privatleben schienen vermehrt mit bestimmten Ereignissen innerhalb der Einrichtungen (in diesem Fall Verweigerung von wichtigen Grundbedürfnissen) einherzugehen. In einem letzten Modell untersuchten wir, ob vorausgegangene Gewaltereignisse im Privatleben dazu führten, dass die Teilnehmenden bei Ereignissen innerhalb der Einrichtungen als belastender empfunden wurden, was für diejenigen Teilnehmenden zutraf, welche Opfer von sexueller Gewalt im Privatleben geworden waren.
Limitation der vorliegenden Studie sind einerseits eine relativ kleine Stichprobenzahl von n=170, das explorative Studiendesign ohne Kontrollgruppe und die Verwendung eines nicht-standardisierten, nicht-validierten Fragebogens welcher eigens für diese Studie entwickelt wurde. Weiterhin stellen die starke Subjektivität der durch Selbstauskunft erhobenen Daten sowie ein potentieller Stichprobenbias hinsichtlich der Repräsentation von Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen Schwachpunkte dieser Studie dar. Diese Studie spricht dafür, dass Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen oft Opfer von Gewalt werden und diese Erfahrungen das weitere Leben und den weiteren Krankheitsverlauf nachhaltig prägen. Daraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, eine flächendeckendere Ausbildung für Behandler im Umgang mit traumatisierten Patienten zu gewährleisten. Weiterhin besteht der klare Bedarf an rechtlichen Grundlagen und Evidenz-basierten Leitlinien für den Einsatz von Zwangsmaßnahmen mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von (Re-)traumatisierungen. Im Sinne der öffentlichen Einstellung gegenüber unserer Patienten wäre eine Aufklärung über die hohen Viktimisierungsraten bei psychisch kranken Menschen, welche oft vorrangig als Täter wahrgenommen werden, äußerst wünschenswert
Diet and Mental Wellbeing : Within a biopsychosocial framework and a planetary health rationale
No full textThis project employed a community-cation oriented research framework and included stakeholders from the University of British Columbia (UBC) throughout the entire research process. The stakeholder group was comprised of staff members and management from UBC Student Housing and Hospitality Services (first and foremost UBC Food Services), UBC Wellbeing, UBC Sustainability. Relevant to the stakeholder audience at UBC in particular, this study describes trends of dietary choices and behaviours as well as mental health and wellbeing in the university’s undergraduate student population. This study further addresses a gap in the research literature by assessing whether plant-based diets are associated with mental health and wellbeing in a population of young adults under careful consideration of a biopsychosocial framework that is nested within the idea of planetary boundaries thus linking human health to the health of the planet. The purpose of this project is to integrate the specific findings of the study into a broader understanding of what constitutes a sustainable and healthy food system on campus. Based on stakeholders’ and researchers’ subject expertise, an extensive literature review and the specific findings of this study, this report provides actionable recommendations on diet and mental wellbeing in students while applying a sustainability lens. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”Medicine, Faculty ofPopulation and Public Health (SPPH), School ofUnreviewedGraduat
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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