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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Characteristics and planning of passenger flows in terminals Terminalernas passagerarflödens egenskaper och planering
No full textDiplomityön tavoitteena oli kerätä tietoa matkustajavirtojen käyttäytymisestä ja liikkumisen sujuvuudesta julkisen liikenteen terminaaleissa. Työssä selvitettiin terminaalialueiden mitoitusarvoja ja esteettömyysvaatimuksia ulko- ja kotimaisesta kirjallisuudesta. Lisäksi matkustajavirtojen käyttäytymiseen ja sujuvuuteen vaikuttavia tekijöitä tutkittiin sekä kirjallisuuden että kenttätutkimuksen avulla. Kenttätutkimus tehtiin kahdella Helsingin metroasemalla.
Kirjallisuustutkimuksen perusteella jalankulkijat liikkuvat erilaisilla nopeuksilla riippuen heidän henkilökohtaisista ominaisuuksistaan. Jalankulkijoiden nopeuksiin vaikuttaa kuitenkin henkilökohtaisia ominaisuuksia enemmän jalankulkutiheys. Jalankulkijoiden henkilökohtaisten liikkumisominaisuuksien ja jalankulkutiheyden lisäksi matkustajavirtoihin vaikuttaa terminaalien eri osa-alueiden mitoitus.
Jotta liikkuminen terminaaleissa olisi sujuvaa ja turvallista, tulisi terminaalien suunnittelussa huomioida jalankulkijoiden erilaiset liikkumisnopeudet ja tilantarpeet sekä liikkumisympäristön erityispiirteet. Matkustajavirtojen liikkumista häiritseviä pullonkauloja tulisi välttää testaamalla eri osa-alueiden riittävä välityskyky.
Kenttätutkimus toteutettiin Kaisaniemen ja Kampin metroasemilla. Asemilla tutkittiin matkustajamääriä ja matkustaja profiileja erilaisissa kuormitustilanteissa. Lisäksi tutkittiin liukuportaiden ruuhkautumista ja toiminnallista maksimikapasiteettia sekä matkustajavirtojen sujuvuutta asemilla.
Kenttätutkimuksen perusteella voitiin todeta, että tavallisessa arkiliikenteessä matkustajavirtojen liikkuminen Kaisaniemen ja Kampin asemilla on sujuvaa ja liukuportaiden kapasiteetti riittävä. Kun matkustajamäärä ylittää normaalin arkiruuhkan määrän, kuten Kaisaniemen tapauksessa tapahtui, voi ruuhkautumista tapahtua sekä liukuportaissa että laituritasolla.
Jos tiedetään ennalta, että matkustajamäärät tulevat olemaan tavallista arkiruuhkaa suuremmat on hyvä etukäteen varmistaa aseman lippujärjestelmän kapasiteetin riittävyys. Lisäksi ääriruuhkan aikana on hyvä olla henkilökuntaa paikan päällä ohjaamassa matkustajien kulkua asemalla.The aim of this master's thesis was to gather information about the behaviour and dynamics of passenger flows in public transport terminals. Requirements on dimensioning and demands on availability were assessed based on foreign and domestic literature. In addition, factors that affect the behaviour and fluency of passenger flows were examined thru a literary research and a field study. The field study was conducted in two subway stations in Helsinki.
The literary research pointed out that pedestrian walking speeds vary depending on their personal characteristics. The pedestrian speed is however even more affected by the pedestrian density on site. In addition to the pedestrians' personal characteristics and pedestrian density the design factors of the different elements in the terminals are important for fluent passenger flows.
In the planning of terminals the differences in pedestrian walking speeds and space requirements and the special characteristics of the surroundings should be considered, so that walking in terminals could be made fluent and safe. Bottlenecks that disturb passenger flows should be avoided. This can be done by testing the passenger flow capacity of the different elements in the terminal.
The field study was conducted in the Kaisaniemi and Kamppi metro stations. The number of passenger and the passenger profiles in different load situations and the fluency of the passenger flows were studied. In addition the operational maximum capacity of the escalators and the congestion in the escalators were examined.
The field study revealed that the movement of passenger flows during normal weekday traffic in Kaisaniemi and Kamppi stations is fluent and the capacity of the escalators is adequate. However, when the number of passengers exceeds the number of passengers in the normal peak hour traffic, congestion can occur both in the escalators and on the platforms like it happened during the Kaisaniemi study.
The capacity of the ticket sales system should be checked in advance, if it is known on beforehand that the number of passengers is going to exceed the number of passengers during the normal peak hour traffic. Furthermore, there should be personnel on site in the stations guiding the passengers during the extremely loaded situations
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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