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Multiple myeloma bone disease: pathophysiology of osteoblast inhibition
No full textMultiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell
malignancy characterized by a high capacity
to induce osteolytic bone lesions.
Bone destruction in MM results from increased
osteoclast formation and activity
that occur in close proximity to myeloma
cells. However, histomorphometric studies
have demonstrated that MM patients
with osteolytic bone lesions have lower
numbers of osteoblasts and decreased
bone formation. This impaired bone formation
plays a critical role in the bonedestructive
process. Recently, the biologic
mechanisms involved in the
osteoblast inhibition induced by MM cells
have begun to be elucidated. In this article,
the pathophysiology underlying osteoblast
inhibition in MM is reviewed
IL3 Induces Osteoclastogenesis In Vivo and Is Modulated By Bone Marrow Monocyte / Macrophage Derived Activin A
No full textAmlexanox inhibition of TBK1/IKK epsilon Signaling Is a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Multiple Myeloma-Induced Bone Disease.
No full textInterleukin-3 induces activin A in bone marrow monocytes: role in multiple myeloma patients
No full textIL-3 is a potential inhibitor of osteoblast differentiation in multiple myeloma
No full textBone destruction in multiple myeloma is
characterized both by markedly increased
osteoclastic bone destruction and severely
impaired osteoblast activity. We
reported that interleukin-3 (IL-3) levels
are increased in bone marrow plasma of
myeloma patients compared with healthy
controls and that IL-3 stimulates osteoclast
formation. However, the effects of
IL-3 on osteoblasts are unknown. Therefore,
to determine if IL-3 inhibits osteoblast
growth and differentiation, we
treated primary mouse and human marrow
stromal cells with IL-3 and assessed
osteoblast differentiation. IL-3 inhibited
basal and bone morphogenic protein-2
(BMP-2)–stimulated osteoblast formation
in a dose-dependent manner without affecting
cell growth. Importantly, marrow
plasma from patients with high IL-3 levels
inhibited osteoblast differentiation, which
could be blocked by anti–IL-3. However,
IL-3 did not inhibit osteoblast differentiation
of osteoblastlike cell lines. In contrast,
IL-3 increased the number of CD45
hematopoietic cells in stromal-cell cultures.
Depletion of the CD45 cells abolished
the inhibitory effects of IL-3 on
osteoblasts, and reconstitution of the cultures
with CD45 cells restored the capacity
of IL-3 to inhibit osteoblast differentiation.
These data suggest that IL-3 plays a
dual role in the bone destructive process
in myeloma by both stimulating osteoclasts
and indirectly inhibiting osteoblast
formation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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