254 research outputs found
Educating Lawyers Now and Then: An Essay Comparing the 2007 and 1914 Carnegie Foundation Reports on Legal Education; Education and a Reprint of the 1914 Report The Common Law and the Case Method in American University Law Schools by Josef Redlich
No full textIn 1910 the Carnegie Foundation released its first study of graduate education: the Flexner report on medical education. American medical education is already celebrating the centennial of this report, which changed the face of medical education by emphasizing the scientific basis of practice. Four years later the Foundation authored its first report on legal education, the Redlich Report, which like the Flexner Report, emphasized the scientific basis of practice. For whatever reason perhaps because legal education was less receptive to change than was medical education, perhaps because the report s author came from one of the Central Powers with which the United States was shortly to go to war the Redlich Report did not change the face of legal education. Today, legal education is much the same as it was in 1914. In 2007 the Carnegie Foundation returned to legal education and issued a new report, Educating Lawyers: Preparation for the Practice of Law. In analysis of American legal education, the two reports are eerily similar. But they are very different in their prescriptions for the future. The new report is intended to foster appreciation for what legal education does at its best. Its modest prescription for the future is an increase in clinical education. The Redlich Report, on the other hand, in its import is not limited to legal education. It is a calm but ambitious call to invigorat[e] the principle of social and economic justice in the life of the American people. The Redlich Report is must reading for any discussion of the future of American law. It brings to American legal education a perspective that no report before or since could. It reminds contemporary legal educators of their responsibility for the legal system. This re-issue of the Redlich Report is introduced by an essay by James R. Maxeiner that critically compares the two reports. The aim of the book is the reform of American law on a scientific basis. The book includes a reprint of the 1914 report: The Common Law and the Case Method in American University Law Schools by Josef Redlichhttps://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/fac_books/1088/thumbnail.jp
The Terezín diaries of Egon Redlich from the perspective of writing theory
No full textThe texts of Egon Redlich are viewed from the perspective of theory and didactics of text composition, in which autobiographic writing has mainly abreactive functions for the writer. The Terezín diaries (1942–1944) of Egon Redlich (1916–1944) are written in the form of a chronicle for his fiancée or a biography for his new-born son. For their author, the entries had more than just documentary or cathartic purpose. The text's gradually eveloping literary methods (intertextuality, generic variability ranging from chronicle and description to exemplum and anecdote, to humour and irony) is what makes the diaries a literarily valuable message to readers who manage to outlive the absurd war.The texts of Egon Redlich are viewed from the perspective of theory and didactics of text composition, in which autobiographic writing has mainly abreactive functions for the writer. The Terezín diaries (1942–1944) of Egon Redlich (1916–1944) are written in the form of a chronicle for his fiancée or a biography for his new-born son. For their author, the entries had more than just documentary or cathartic purpose. The text's gradually eveloping literary methods (intertextuality, generic variability ranging from chronicle and description to exemplum and anecdote, to humour and irony) is what makes the diaries a literarily valuable message to readers who manage to outlive the absurd war
Otto Redlich: chemist and gentleman from the "old school"
No full textThe name of Otto Redlich is generally remembered as co-author of one of most used equations of state for the calculation of volumetric and thermodynamic properties of pure substances and their mixtures. Nevertheless, he made also important contributions in different areas of chemistry and chemical engineering. Pursuits of race and religious order forced him and his family to leave his native Austria and emigrate to the United States. His professional career included both academic and industrial research achievements
Notas sobre la historia de la enseñanza del derecho en Estados Unidos.
No full textEn estas notas, la autora describe, concisamente, la historia de la enseñanza del derecho en Estados Unidos desde sus orígenes hasta los tiempos modernos. La autora relata los obstáculos que hubo que superar para establecer una cátedra de derecho dentro de la universidad, la influencia que los colegios de abogado y la asociación de facultades de derecho tuvieron en este desarrollo, el establecimiento de la metodología del caso como vehículo pedagógico
principal, y la función que tienen los abogados dentro de la sociedad. Estas notas concluyen con una breve descripción de los
requerimientos actuales para cursar una carrera de derecho en una universidad acreditada americana.In this brief essay, the author describes the origins of American legal education and situates it within the role that lawyers
play within American society. The essay explains the development of the profession from the apprenticeship system to the modem day requirement of a gradúate degree and a bar exam. The essay also covers the creation of the fírst full-time teaching positions, the teaching innovations introduced by C. C. Langdell, the influence of the American Bar Association and the Association of American Law Schools in the movement toward the institutionalization of legal studies. It concludes with a brief account of the modem requirements to enter a program of legal studies at an accredited law school.Publicad
Reportages about Russia by Krystyna Kurczab-Redlich and Jacek Hugo-Bader
No full textThe main purpose of this article is to present the image of Russia in the Polish literary reportage. I would like to show how often the contemporary Polish reportage refers to national stereotypes, even if it wants to argue with them. My analysis mainly focus on the books of Krystyna Kurczab-Redlich and Jacek Hugo-Bader, who describe the contemporary russian politics and culture from different perspectives. While the author of "Pandrioszka" mostly concentrates on Moscow, the author of "Dzienniki kołymskie" is particularly interested in Kolyma
Narcissistic dimensions impact depressive symptoms during inpatient psychiatric treatment and depression recurrence following treatment across mental disorders
No full textDimensional narcissism, as emphasized in International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems in version 11 (ICD-11) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in version 5 (DSM-5), conceptualize narcissistic traits along a continuum rather than categorical thresholds. Although narcissistic traits have been associated with depressive symptoms and poorer treatment outcomes, their influence on the long-term course of depressive disorders remains insufficiently understood. We examined the impact of dimensional narcissism and its facets admiration and rivalry on depressive symptoms before and after treatment, as well as on depression recurrence one year post-treatment, in an inpatient clinic sample undergoing cognitive behavioral therapy. Dimensional narcissism was assessed using The Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire - short version (NARQ-S), and depression severity was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory. Depression recurrence was assessed with a clinical interview and confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-4. Linear and binary logistic regression models were calculated. Narcissistic rivalry was associated with higher symptom load before treatment, while narcissistic admiration showed the opposite effect. Neither narcissistic dimension predicted depressive symptom severity following treatment. Narcissistic admiration and rivalry, measured at baseline, did not yield significant effects in predicting depression recurrence, whereas post-treatment scores were significant predictors - narcissistic admiration decreased the likelihood of experiencing at least one depressive episode, while narcissistic rivalry showed the opposite effect. The timing of narcissism assessment is crucial to identify patients at risk of increased depression recurrence and therefore paves the way for individualized treatment strategies and follow-up evaluations, ensuring comprehensively patient-tailored therapy.Dimensionaler Narzissmus beeinflusst signifikant die Schwere von Depression vor der Behandlung und das Wiederauftreten von Depressionen ein Jahr nach der Behandlung über verschiedenste psychische Störungen hinweg, selbst in Abwesenheit einer Persönlichkeitsstörung. Der Zeitpunkt der Messung des Narzissmus ist entscheidend, um Patienten zu identifizieren, die ein erhöhtes Risiko für das Wiederauftreten der Depression aufweisen. Dies unterstreicht die Bedeutung der Berücksichtigung des Erhebungszeitpunkts in der klinischen Praxis. Angesichts des Einflusses von Narzissmus auf die Schwere der Depression, die psychiatrische Behandlung und das Wiederauftreten, ist es entscheidend, die Erhebung von dimensionalem Narzissmus in klinische Routinen zu integrieren. Der Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire in der Kurzversion zeigt sich als ein prägnanten Untersuchungsinstrument, das problemlos in den täglichen klinischen Alltag integriert werden kann. Diese Ergebnisse ebnen den Weg für individualisierte Behandlungsstrategien und Nachuntersuchungen, um eine umfassende und maßgeschneiderte Therapie für jeden Patienten zu gewährleisten
Stimulated terahertz emission due to electronic Raman scattering in silicon
No full textSilicon-based semiconductors are intensively investigated over the past years as promising candidates for optoelectronic devices at terahertz (THz) frequencies [1]. Optically pumped intracenter silicon lasers, realized in the past decade in the THz range, are based on direct optical transitions between shallow levels of different shallow donors [2]. Recently, terahertz Raman laser emission has been demonstrated in silicon doped by antimony [3] and phosphorus [4].
We report on realization of terahertz lasers based on intracenter electronic Raman scattering in silicon doped by arsenic (Si:As, frequency range 4.8 – 5.1 THz and 5.9 – 6.5 THz) and silicon doped by bismuth (Si:Bi, 4.6 – 5.9 THz) under optical excitation by infrared frequency-tunable free electron laser at low lattice temperatures. The Stokes shift of the observed laser emission is equal to the Raman-active donor electronic transition between the ground 1s(A1) and the excited 1s(E) donor states. Raman terahertz gain of the lasers is similar to those observed for the donor-type terahertz silicon donor lasers
Towards a network control theory of electroconvulsive therapy response
No full textElectroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is arguably the most effective intervention for treatment-resistant depression. While large interindividual variability exists, a theory capable of explaining individual response to ECT remains elusive. To address this, we posit a quantitative, mechanistic framework of ECT response based on Network Control Theory (NCT). Then, we empirically test our approach and employ it to predict ECT treatment response. To this end, we derive a formal association between Postictal Suppression Index (PSI)—an ECT seizure quality index—and whole-brain modal and average controllability, NCT metrics based on white-matter brain network architecture, respectively. Exploiting the known association of ECT response and PSI, we then hypothesized an association between our controllability metrics and ECT response mediated by PSI. We formally tested this conjecture in N = 50 depressive patients undergoing ECT. We show that whole-brain controllability metrics based on pre-ECT structural connectome data predict ECT response in accordance with our hypotheses. In addition, we show the expected mediation effects via PSI. Importantly, our theoretically motivated metrics are at least on par with extensive machine learning models based on pre-ECT connectome data. In summary, we derived and tested a control-theoretic framework capable of predicting ECT response based on individual brain network architecture. It makes testable, quantitative predictions regarding individual therapeutic response, which are corroborated by strong empirical evidence. Our work might constitute a starting point for a comprehensive, quantitative theory of personalized ECT interventions rooted in control theory
Childhood maltreatment is associated with an automatic negative emotion processing bias in the amygdala
No full textUnlabelledMajor depression has been repeatedly associated with amygdala hyper-responsiveness to negative (but not positive) facial expressions at early, automatic stages of emotion processing using subliminally presented stimuli. However, it is not clear whether this "limbic bias" is a correlate of depression or represents a vulnerability marker preceding the onset of the disease. Because childhood maltreatment is a potent risk factor for the development of major depression in later life, we explored whether childhood maltreatment is associated with amygdalar emotion processing bias in maltreated but healthy subjects. Amygdala responsiveness to subliminally presented sad and happy faces was measured by means of fMRI at 3 T in N = 150 healthy subjects carefully screened for psychiatric disorders. Childhood maltreatment was assessed by the 25-item childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). A strong association of CTQ-scores with amygdala responsiveness to sad, but not happy facial expressions emerged. This result was further qualified by an interaction of emotional valence and CTQ-scores and was not confounded by trait anxiety, current depression level, age, gender, intelligence, education level, and more recent stressful life-events. Childhood maltreatment is apparently associated with detectable changes in amygdala function during early stages of emotion processing which resemble findings described in major depression. Limbic hyper-responsiveness to negative facial cues could be a consequence of the experience of maltreatment during childhood increasing the risk of depression in later life.Limitationthe present association of limbic bias and maltreatment was demonstrated in the absence of psychopathological abnormalities, thereby limiting strong conclusions.Udo Dannlowski, Harald Kugel, Franziska Huber, Anja Stuhrmann, Ronny Redlich, Dominik Grotegerd, Katharina Dohm, Christina Sehlmeyer, Carsten Konrad, Bernhard T. Baune, Volker Arolt, Walter Heindel, Pienie Zwitserlood and Thomas Suslo
CO2 capture using liquid crystals: Selectivity analysis for CO2 capture from syngas
No full textThe current need to reduce CO2 emission from power plant flue gas demands development of new and more energy efficient separation processes. Liquid crystals are a new class of solvents for CO2 absorption; making use of a solubility switch between two phases. Solubility of CO2 is higher in the isotropic liquid phase than in the structured liquid phase. Phase transition enthalpy between both phases is low and therefore CO2 capture with liquid crystals has the potential to consume less energy in an absorption/desorption cycle than conventional CO2 capture processes. Liquid crystals enable precombustion CO2 capture at high pressures, hence the capture process can be used for CO2 capture from syngas; gas mainly consisting of CO2 and H2. At this stage research is focused on ideal selectivity and especially on the solubility of CO2 in liquid crystals. Literature study is conducted on experimental phase behaviour of liquid crystal like structures to validate the Predictive Soave-Redlich Kwong equation of state. The Predictive Soave-Redlich Kwong equation of state is used to predict phase behaviour of different liquid crystals with H2 and CO2 to identify the most promising molecular structures, resulting in a selectivity analysis. In the Thermodynamics Laboratory (Process & Energy department, TU Delft) the binary mixtures of pentyl cyanobipenyl, heptyloxy cyanobiphenyl, ethyl propyl bicyclohexyl, propyl butyl bicyclohexyl, hexyloxybenzylidene aminobenzonitrile and phenyl cyclohexyl with CO2, and the binary mixtures of ethyl propyl bicyclohexyl, phenyl cyclohexyl and heptyloxy cyanobiphenyl with H2 are measured using a Cailletet setup. Henry coefficients obtained from the experimental data indicate the solubility of the different structures. Accuracy of the bubblepoint curve prediction by the Predictive Soave-Redlich Kwong equation of state is higher for small molecular structures at relatively low temperatures. The vapour liquid equilibrium prediction has larger deviations for binary mixtures with acetate structures in combination with CO2 and for all binary mixtures with H2; however the bubblepoint curve order is maintained in the vapour liquid equilibrium prediction. The Predictive Soave-Redlich Kwong equation of state simulation predicts that highest solubility for both CO2 and H2 with bicyclohexyl based structures and the lowest with biphenyl based structures. From the Predictive Soave-Redlich Kwong equation of state simulation it is found that more polar structures increase the solubility of both CO2 and H2. The experimental results measured in the Cailletet setup underline the predictions made with the PSRK simulation and demonstrate that weakly polar structures (PCH-type) have a higher solubility of CO2. Highly polar structures (7OCB) are also demonstrating high solubility of CO2 in the Predictive Soave-Redlich Kwong equation of state simulation and experiments. Simulation of the experimental liquid crystals with the Predictive Soave-Redlich Kwong equation of state shows prediction of bicyclohexyl structures phase behaviour is more accurate than predicting phase behaviour of biphenyl and cyclohexylbenzene based structures.EThP&EMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
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