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GERAKAN ANTI IMPERIALISME DAN ANTI KAPITALISME DI PADANGPANJANG: KAJIAN SURAT KABAR DJAGO! DJAGO DAN PEMANDANGAN ISLAM (1923-1924)
Get PDFABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul Gerakan Anti Imperialisme dan Anti Kapitalisme di Padangpanjang: Kajian Surat Kabar Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam (1923-1924). Kedua surat kabar terafiliasi dengan organisasi pergerakan Sarekat Rakyat Padangpanjang. Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam adalah dua surat kabar yang tidak bisa dilepaskan satu sama lain, bahkan bisa dikatakan “satu”. Keduanya menjadi pioner surat kabar komunis Islam di Sumatera Barat, khususnya Padangpanjang. Kedua surat kabar lahir dengan tujuan membela rakyat tertindas dan pribumi dari penjajahan, sesuai tujuan komunisme dan Islam.
Untuk membedah gagasan yang dimuat dalam kedua surat kabar, penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah, yang meliputi pengumpulan sumber (heuristik) berupa sumber primer dari salinan surat kabar Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam tahun 1923-1924. Sebagai pelengkap, penelitian ini juga menggunakan catatan Belanda, sumber sekunder berupa surat kabar sezaman, karya-karya ilmiah berupa buku, jurnal, dan hasil penelitian lainnya. Sumber-sumber ini kemudian dikritisi secara intern dan ekstern. Ini merupakan langkah klasifikasi sumber, yang meliputi gagasan dan fakta sejarah yang dimuat dalam kedua surat kabar. Gagasan dan fakta sejarah yang ditemukan kemudian ditafsirkan (interpretasi), dan “dijahit” dengan konsep-konsep dan pendekatan yang telah ditemukan oleh sejarawan dan ilmuwan lain sehingga melahirkan karya sejarah tentang gagasan anti-imperialisme dan anti-kapitalisme dalam surat kabar Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam. Untuk membedah secara khusus, penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode sejarah surat kabar yang diuraikan oleh Stephen Vella. Metode ini berguna untuk membongkar tentang bagaimana para penulis kedua surat kabar berpikir, bukan hanya kejadian-kejadian; kedua “pers merah” ini juga mengkritik eksploitasi ekonomi, dan bertujuan untuk membentuk pandangan rakyat kecil. Metode analisis bandingan mencakup tiga cara membaca, atau ‘lensa’ analisa: konteks sosial, konteks tekstual, dan wacana-wacana.
Berdasarkan metode penelitian di atas, maka ditemukan bahwa Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam adalah dua surat kabar yang unik dalam khasanah penerbitan Sumatera Barat. Membawa ideologi sinkretis komunis Islam dalam wacana-wacana perlawanan mereka. Walaupun selalu mempropagandakan komunisme Islam, Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam nyatanya lebih banyak memuat soal ide-ide anti imperialisme dan anti kapitalisme, serta ide tentang kemerdekaan dan keindonesiaan di dalam artikel-artikel kepala. Penelitian ini mengisyaratkan bahwa masih banyak yang harus dibongkar dan dibahas lebih lanjut tentang Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam, serta peran gerakan kaum komunis untuk kemerdekaan Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: sejarah surat kabar, anti-imperialisme, anti-kapitalisme, ideologi sinkretis, komunisme Islam, Ilmu Kuminih
ABSTRACT
This thesis is entitled Anti-Imperialist and Anti-Capitalist Movements in Padangpanjang: A Study of the Newspapers Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam (1923-1924). Both these newspapers were affiliated with Padangpanjang’s Sarekat Rakyat movement. Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam were two newspapers which cannot be separated from each other and could even be considered as “one”. They both were pioneering Islamic communist newspapers in West Sumatra and especially in Padangpanjang. The newspapers were conceived with the objective to defend oppressed and indigenous people from imperialism in accordance with the aims of communism and Islam.
To dissect the ideas which were published in Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam, this research utilized a historical methodology which included the gathering of heuristic sources in the form of primary sources from copies of the newspapers Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam from the years 1923-1924. Supplementing these sources, this research also drew upon: Dutch notes; secondary sources in the form of contemporaneous newspapers; academic sources, such as books, journal articles and other research outputs. These sources were then critiqued internally and externally. This represented the step of classifying sources which included ideas and historical facts which were published in these two newspapers. These ideas and historical facts were then interpreted and “sewn” with concepts and approaches which have already been identified by historians and other scholars to produce a historical work about anti-imperialist and anti-capitalist ideas in the newspapers Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam. To dissect precisely, this research also used the newspaper history methods explained by Stephen Vella. These methods were used to deconstruct how writers of these newspapers thought more broadly rather than just about events. Both these “red publications’’ frequently criticized economic exploitation and aimed to shape the views of the lower class. This comparative mode of analyses included three types of reading, or analytic lenses: social context, textual context, and discourses.
Based on the above research methods, it was found that Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam were two unique newspapers in the West Sumatran publishing world. They conveyed a syncretic ideology of Islamic communism in their discourses of resistance. Although they always spread Islamic communist propaganda, Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam actually published more on anti-imperialist and anti-capitalist ideas, and ideas about independence and Indonesian-ness in their feature articles. This research signals that there remains a lot which must be further deconstructed and analysed in Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam as well as the centrality of communist movements in achieving Indonesian independence.
Keywords: newspaper history, anti-imperialism, anti-capitalism, syncretic ideology, Islamic communism, “Ilmu Kuminih
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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