100,397 research outputs found
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Visible core spectroscopy at Wendelstein 7-X
No full textReview of
Scientific Instruments ARTICLE pubs.aip.org/aip/rsi
Visible core spectroscopy at Wendelstein 7-X
Cite as: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 95, 083526 (2024); doi: 10.1063/5.0219469
Submitted: 17 May 2024 • Accepted: 13 July 2024 •
Published Online: 13 August 2024
O. P. Ford,1,a) A. Langenberg,1 T. Romba,1 P. Pölöskei,1 M. Zanini,1 S. Bannmann,1 T. Gonda,2
K. Ida,3 R. Lopez Cansino,4 N. Pablant,5 J. de la Riva Villen,6 C. Swee,7 M. Yoshinuma,3
A. Alonso,6 B. Geiger,7 V. Perseo,1 E. Viezzer,4 and W7-X Teamb)
AFFILIATIONS
1 Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
2 Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
3 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
4Department of Atomic, Molecular, and Nuclear Physics, University Seville, Seville, Spain
5 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
6 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
7 Department of Engineering Physics, University Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Note: This paper is part of the Special Topic on Proceedings of the 25th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma
Diagnostics.
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
b)For the complete member list, please refer to T. Sunn Pedersen, Nucl. Fusion 62, 042022 (2022).
ABSTRACT
This paper presents an overview of recent hardware extensions and data analysis developments to the Wendelstein 7-X visible core spec-
troscopy systems. These include upgrades to prepare the in-vessel components for long-pulse operation, nine additional spectrometers, a
new line of sight array for passive spectroscopy, and a coherence imaging charge exchange spectroscopy diagnostic. Progress in data analysis
includes ion temperatures and densities from multiple impurity species, a statistical comparison with x-ray crystal spectrometer measure-
ments, neutral density measurements from thermal passive Balmer-alpha emission, and a Bayesian analysis of active hydrogen emission,
which is able to infer electron density and main ion temperature profiles.European Union (UE) 101052200—EUROfusio
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
Full text linkIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
Full text linkIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
Wave turbulence of a rotating array of quantized vortices in the T → 0 temperature limit
No full textThe dynamics of quantized vortices in the zero temperature limit is currently of great interest, particularly in the case of the Fermi superfluid He-B. Here we study wave turbulence, generated by the librating motion of a rotating cylindrical container filled with He-B, in the limit of vanishing viscous forces at temperatures . The polarization of the quantized vortices with respect to the axis of rotation is measured using non-invasive NMR techniques. We observe a decrease of the polarization when the librating motion is started, and a two-stage relaxation process when the modulation of the rotation velocity is stopped. The first relaxation process is associated with the dissipation of large-scale flow stored in inertial waves and the solid body rotation of the vortex array. From the decay of these energy reservoirs we determine the rate of energy dissipation of large-scale flow. The later second process is related to the relaxation of Kelvin waves on individual vortices. This process is monitored by the recovery of the polarization. The existence of a Kelvin wave cascade at the lowest temperatures is currently a central open question. We supply some evidence for the cascade
DNA fusion gene vaccination mobilizes effective anti-leukemic cytotoxic T lymphocytes from a tolerized repertoire
No full textThe majority of known human tumor-associated antigens derive from non-mutated self proteins. T cell tolerance, essential to prevent autoimmunity, must therefore be cautiously circumvented to generate cytotoxic T cell responses against these targets. Our strategy uses DNA fusion vaccines to activate high levels of peptide-specific CTL. Key foreign sequences from tetanus toxin activate tolerance-breaking CD4+ T cell help. Candidate MHC class Ibinding tumor peptide sequences are fused to the C terminus for optimal processing and presentation. To model performance against a leukemia-associated antigen in a tolerized setting, we constructed a fusion vaccine encoding an immunodominant CTL epitopederived from Friend murine leukemia virus gag protein (FMuLVgag) and vaccinated tolerant FMuLVgag-transgenic (gag-Tg) mice. Vaccination with the construct induced epitopespecificIFN-c-producing CD8+ T cells in normal and gag-Tg mice. The frequency and avidity of activated cells were reduced in gag-Tg mice, and no autoimmune injury resulted. However, these CD8+ T cells did exhibit gag-specific cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Also, epitope-specific CTL killed FBL-3 leukemia cells expressing endogenous FMuLVgag antigen and protected against leukemia challenge in vivo. These results demonstrate a simple strategy to engage anti-microbial T cell help to activate epitope-specific polyclonal CD8+ T cell responses from a residual tolerized repertoire
MicroRNA determinants of the balance between effector and regulatory CD4+ T cells
No full textTese de mestrado, Biologia Molecular e Genética, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2021CD4+ T cells play a central role in orchestrating immune responses. They have the capacity to help B cells in producing antibodies, they induce macrophage activation, enhance and maintain CD8+ T cell-mediated responses and are capable of immune cell suppression. After encountering an antigen, CD4+ T cells undergo differentiation into specific subtypes according to the cytokine milieu of the microenvironment. These include effector T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells, and anti-inflammatory regulatory T (Treg) cells. In order to avoid autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, it is extremely important to maintain the balance between the effector and regulatory CD4+ T cell populations. Therefore, the differentiation of these CD4+ T cell subsets must be tightly regulated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are negative post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that have been involved in regulating and maintaining the fate decisions of CD4+ T cell populations and, consequently, affect the balance between them. While several studies showed the role of specific miRNAs in the differentiation of individual CD4+ T cell subsets, we aimed at further dissecting which miRNAs regulate the balance between effector and regulatory CD4+ T cell populations in an immune response in vivo. We identified 6 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between Th1, Th17 and Treg cells isolated from a triple reporter mouse with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. While two candidates were initially subjected to functional studies in vitro, the remaining four were studied in mice bearing EAE as their expression in in vitro-differentiated CD4+ T cell subsets did not reproduce the in vivo data. Our data showed that overexpression of miR-126a-5p limits IL-17a production in Th17 cells polarized in vitro. Additionally, inhibition of miR-122-5p promoted an earlier EAE onset while mice treated with miR-1247 antagomiR develop a less severe disease. In this thesis, to confirm the overexpression results obtained by the host lab, we aimed to study the impact of inhibiting miR-126a-5p and miR-467a-5p in in vitro-differentiated CD4+ T cell subsets. Also, we aimed to dissect the external cues responsible for the expression of all functionally relevant miRNAs for CD4+ T cell differentiation, including miR-122 and miR-1247. Our results reveal that inhibiting miR-126a increases the frequency of IL-17+ cells, further confirming that miR-126a limits the production of IL-17 by Th17 cells. We show that the IL-6 signalling pathway is involved in inducing not only miR-126a expression, but also the expression of miR-122 when associated with TGF−β signalling. On the contrary, IL-23 and IL-1β were shown to inhibit miR-122 expression, which allowed us to hypothesize that this miRNA is expressed in a context of non-pathogenic Th17 cells. Moreover, we observed that miR-1247 is induced downstream of the TGF−β signalling pathway. Relying on a bioinformatic approach, we identified transcription factors from each signalling pathway that can be directly regulating the expression of each candidate miRNAs. More specifically, Maf, Ets1 and Ets2 were identified as candidate transcription factors that might induce miR-126a expression; STAT3, RORα, IRF1 and SMAD2:SMAD3:SMAD4 complex as inducers of miR-122 expression; and Bach1:MafK as potential regulators of miR-1247 expression. Overall, our results show that both miR-126a and miR-122, act as molecular brakes of cytokine production on Th17 cells, possibly as an attempt to control excessive inflammation. Contrary to miR-126a, miR-122 expression appears to be context-specific, acting in non-pathogenic Th17 cells to maintain their phenotype. miR-1247, was shown to be important to maintain the inflammatory phenotype of effector Th1 cells in the presence of TGF−β, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The data described here reveals new insights on three critical miRNAs for the differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets, highlighting their potential to regulate the balance between effector and regulatory populations in inflammatory conditions in vivo and revealing their potential use as therapeutic targets in EAE and other autoimmune diseases
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