141 research outputs found
William H. Dray se analise van historiese verklaring
No full textM.A. (Philosopy)This dissertation is a preliminary investigation of William Dray's work on explanation in history, viewed in its philosophical context. The reasons for undertaking it were: Firstly, to introduce Dray's work as a systematic whole to South African historians and philosophers of history. No previous attempt to systematize Dray's theory of explanation being traceable, the major accent falls on description rather than criticism or an attempt to offer an alternative theory. Secondly, the author is convinced that the crisis currently affecting history can best be resolved through a greater awareness by historians of the contribution philosophy can make to historical practice. By showing that Dray's 1t.0rk is of value to the practising historian and that it is the product of applying Ordinary Language Philosophy to philosophy of history, the author hopes to increase this awareness. The latter rrotif played a major role in structuring the dissertation In chapter one, the author outlines the purpose of and reasons for the study, indicating that it deals with a highly relevant topic, directly involved with many major issues in the philosophy of history. This introduces a discussion of the author's views on the nature of history. The chapter concludes with definitions of unusual and important terms used. Chapter two places Dray's work in its philosophical context (Analytical Philosophy). It comprises a brief description of Mcore's Corrirron Sense Philosophy, Logical Atomism and, in greater detail, Logical Positivism up to circa 1950. Because Dray's work is clearly part of the Ordinary Language tradition, it receives more attention and those characteristics which are most obvious in Dray's work are highlighted. The author concludes that Ordinary Language Philosophy is a specific approach and way of thinking, rather than a body of doctrine. In chapter three, examples of Dray's work are discussed to show that they are typical products of Ordinary Language Philosophy. The suggestion that Dray is an Idealist philosopher of history is examined and the conclusion reached that, while his work indicates certain Idealist assulrDtions, it is clearly a product of Ordinary Language Philosophy. Chapter four comprises a discussion of Dray's concept of explanation. Aspects of his theory which are discussed include: the minimum condition for an explanation, the various sorts and types of explanation Dray identifies and the subjectivism of his concept of explanation. - Chapter five is a discussion of Dray's "rational model" of explanation. The model is discussed in detail and certain criticisms and conirion misconceptions are examined. The author concludes that the rational model is a valuable theoretical contribution to the practice of history, but may be difficult to implement. In chapter six, the relevance of the rational model for South African historiography is examined. By an analysis of extracts from three historical works, the model is shown to be very relevant for South African historians, and and often used by them. However, there is decidedly rocm for improvement. The dissertation closes on a renewed plea for the recognition of the value of philosophy for the practice of history
Bill Harney talking to an Aboriginal man while he is investigating native conditions on a station near Mataranka, Northern Territory, ca. 1940s [picture].
No full textTitle based on information from acquisition documentation and from caption on verso.; Part of collection: Collection of photographs of author and bushman, Bill Harney, ca. 1940-1962.; Condition: Slight yellowing around edges.; Photograph includes a horse drawn dray.; During WW2 Harney, as an officer of the Native Affairs Branch, patrolled government depots and cattle stations in the Northern Territory to report on the condition and welfare of aborigines.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn3705727; Purchased from Michael Treloar Antiquarian Booksellers, List 90, Lot 64, 2006
William H. Dray se analise van historiese verklaring
No full textM.A. (Philosopy)This dissertation is a preliminary investigation of William Dray's work on explanation in history, viewed in its philosophical context. The reasons for undertaking it were: Firstly, to introduce Dray's work as a systematic whole to South African historians and philosophers of history. No previous attempt to systematize Dray's theory of explanation being traceable, the major accent falls on description rather than criticism or an attempt to offer an alternative theory. Secondly, the author is convinced that the crisis currently affecting history can best be resolved through a greater awareness by historians of the contribution philosophy can make to historical practice. By showing that Dray's 1t.0rk is of value to the practising historian and that it is the product of applying Ordinary Language Philosophy to philosophy of history, the author hopes to increase this awareness. The latter rrotif played a major role in structuring the dissertation In chapter one, the author outlines the purpose of and reasons for the study, indicating that it deals with a highly relevant topic, directly involved with many major issues in the philosophy of history. This introduces a discussion of the author's views on the nature of history. The chapter concludes with definitions of unusual and important terms used. Chapter two places Dray's work in its philosophical context (Analytical Philosophy). It comprises a brief description of Mcore's Corrirron Sense Philosophy, Logical Atomism and, in greater detail, Logical Positivism up to circa 1950. Because Dray's work is clearly part of the Ordinary Language tradition, it receives more attention and those characteristics which are most obvious in Dray's work are highlighted. The author concludes that Ordinary Language Philosophy is a specific approach and way of thinking, rather than a body of doctrine. In chapter three, examples of Dray's work are discussed to show that they are typical products of Ordinary Language Philosophy. The suggestion that Dray is an Idealist philosopher of history is examined and the conclusion reached that, while his work indicates certain Idealist assulrDtions, it is clearly a product of Ordinary Language Philosophy. Chapter four comprises a discussion of Dray's concept of explanation. Aspects of his theory which are discussed include: the minimum condition for an explanation, the various sorts and types of explanation Dray identifies and the subjectivism of his concept of explanation. - Chapter five is a discussion of Dray's "rational model" of explanation. The model is discussed in detail and certain criticisms and conirion misconceptions are examined. The author concludes that the rational model is a valuable theoretical contribution to the practice of history, but may be difficult to implement. In chapter six, the relevance of the rational model for South African historiography is examined. By an analysis of extracts from three historical works, the model is shown to be very relevant for South African historians, and and often used by them. However, there is decidedly rocm for improvement. The dissertation closes on a renewed plea for the recognition of the value of philosophy for the practice of history
Distinguishing damages from two earthquakes —Archaeoseismology of a Crusader castle (Al-Marqab citadel, Syria)
No full textDamages from two major earthquakes are identified in medieval Al-Marqab citadel (Latin: Margat) in coastal Syria. Built by the Order of St. John (Hospitallers) in the twelfth–thirteenth centuries, the hilltop fortification has masonry walls made with and without mortar, using the opus caementum technology (Roman concrete). V-shaped and U-shaped failures, single-corner and symmetrical corner collapses, and in-plane shifts of ashlar masonry walls are identified and dated by historical and archaeological methods. The azimuth of displacement is NE-SW for the older
damages of the Crusader period (A.D. 1170–1285), possibly related to the A.D. 1202 earthquake. A later, NW-SE displacement occurred during the Muslim period (post-
1285). The 1202 earthquake produced at least VIII intensity on the MSK scale at Al-Marqab, which is higher than previously considered
Formes et Forces
No full textColloque organisé par Yves Pomeau et Emmanuel Villermaux du 10 au 15 septembre 2007 Rencontre entre plasticiens pour lesquels la physique et la mécanique des matériaux jouent un rôle dans leur expression et de scientifiques spécialistes de cette branche de la science. Participants Basile Audoly, Sabine Caminade, Pierre Coullet, Michel Dray, Etienne Guyon, Jennifer Kane, Sophie Lavaux, Gilles Mottet, Yves Pomeau, Benoît Roman, Nicolas Vandenberghe, Romain Vermorel, Edmond Vernassa, Emmanuel Vi..
Impact of earthquakes on agriculture during the Roman–Byzantine period from pollen records of the Dead Sea laminated sediment
No full textThe Dead Sea region holds the archives of a complex relationship between an ever-changing nature and
ancient civilisations. Regional pollen diagrams show a Roman–Byzantine period standing out in the recent
millennia by its wetter climate that allowed intensive arboriculture. During that period, the Dead Sea formed
laminites that display mostly a seasonal character. A multidisciplinary study focused on two earthquakes, 31
BC and AD 363, recorded as seismites in the Ze’elim gully A unit III which has been well dated by radiocarbon
in a previous study. The sampling of the sediment was done at an annual resolution starting from a few years
before and finishing a decade after each earthquake. A clear drop in agricultural indicators (especially Olea
and cereals) is shown. These pollen indicators mostly reflect human activities in the Judean Hills and coastal
oases. Agriculture was disturbed in large part of the rift valley where earthquake damage affected irrigation
and access to the fields. It took 4 to 5 yr to resume agriculture to previous conditions. Earthquakes must be
seen as contributors to factors damaging societies. If combined with other factors such as climatic aridification,
disease epidemics and political upheaval, they may lead to civilisation collapse
Author Correction:EEG, behavioural and physiological recordings following a painful procedure in human neonates
No full textCorrection to: Scientific Data, published online 13 November 2018 The original corresponding author of the work, Dr Laura Jones, has left UCL is no longer able to respond to correspondence relating to this paper. Please contact Dr Lorenzo Fabrizi ([email protected]) for any queries, including requests for data access, rather than the listed corresponding author in the paper.</p
The political economy of lockdown: Does free media matter?()
No full textThis paper studies the role of free media in how governments and the public responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. We first document the presence of policy and behavioral responsiveness during the early phase of the pandemic. Using a panel data of daily COVID-19 deaths, lockdown policies, and mobility changes in 155 countries, we find that governments were more likely to impose a lockdown, and citizens to reduce their mobility, as the initial number of deaths increased. To measure the role of media freedom on responsiveness given endogeneity in death reporting, we simulate deaths from a calibrated SEIR model as an instrument for reported deaths. Using this approach, we find evidence that the presence of free media mattered for the timing of early responses to COVID-19. Responsiveness to deaths was limited to citizens in free-media countries, and accounted for 40% of the difference in lockdown decision and mobility changes between free-media and censored-media countries. In support of the role of free media, we show that differences in responsiveness are not explained by a range of other country characteristics such as the level of income, education or democracy. We also find evidence that citizens with access to free media were better informed about the pandemic and had more responsive levels of online searches about COVID-19, supporting the view that free media served to inform the public on the risks of COVID-19
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