1,721,005 research outputs found
Effekte von pflanzlichen Extrakten in Caenorhabditis elegans als Modellorganismus für die neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen Morbus Parkinson, Morbus Alzheimer und Chorea Huntington
Full text linkPflanzliche Extrakte sind vielversprechende Kandidaten für Prävention und Therapie neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen. Deshalb werden Untersuchungen zu neuroprotektiven Effekten am Modellorganismus Caenorhabditis elegans durchgeführt. In verschiedenen C. elegans Modellen für M. Parkinson, M. Alzheimer und C. Huntington zeigt ein Olivenblattextrakt protektive Eigenschaften und verringert die Degeneration der Neuronen und die Akkumulation von Plaques. Die Physiologie der Tiere wird verbessert. Auch die untersuchten Inhaltsstoffe des Extraktes (Oleuropein, Oleanolsäure, Hydroxytyrosol und Tyrosol) und weitere untersuchte pflanzliche Extrakte besitzen neuroprotektive Effekte in verschiedenen Modellen von C. elegans für neurodegenerative Krankheiten. Die untersuchten pflanzlichen Extrakte und Inhaltsstoffe sind vielversprechende Kandidaten für die Prävention und unterstützende Therapie der untersuchten Krankheiten. Weitere Experimente zur Wirkungsweise und den Wirkmechanismen sollten folgen.Plant derived extracts are promising candidates for prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, their neuroprotective effects are examined in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. In different C. elegans models for Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease an extract of olive leaves shows neuroprotective properties and reduces neurodegeneration and plaque-accumulation. It improves the physiology of the animals. Tested compounds of olive leaves (oleuropein, oleanolic acid, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) and other tested plant derived extracts induce neuroprotective effects in C. elegans models for neurodegenerative diseases, too. The plant derived extracts and compounds examined here are promising candidates for prevention and therapy of Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease. However, further investigations on underlying mechanisms are needed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Modulation of the lipid mediator class switch in inflammation by phytomedical natural products
Full text linkProfessionelle Zellen des angeborenen Immunsystems kontrollieren die Entstehung, Erhaltung und Auflösung von Entzündungsreaktionen. Eine entscheidende Rolle spielen dabei durch Lipoxygenasen (LOX) und Cyclooxygenasen gebildete Lipidmediatoren, die sowohl entzündungsfördernd als auch -auflösend wirken können und somit während der Entzündung einen Klassenwechsel eingehen. Die klassische antientzündliche Behandlung basiert auf der Reduktion entzündungsfördernder (Lipid-)Mediatoren, jedoch mit unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen. Der Einsatz von Boswelliasäuren aus Weihrauch, welcher seit der Antike zur Behandlung entzündlicher Krankheiten eingesetzt wird, könnte neue pharmakologische Werkzeuge zur Behandlung chronisch-entzündlicher Erkrankungen eröffnen. Die antientzündliche Wirkung frei verkäuflicher Weihrauchpräparate konnte mit der enthaltenen Menge an Boswelliasäuren, insbesondere AKBA, korreliert werden. Durch Kristallstrukturanalyse konnten wir die differenzielle Inhibitionsmechanismen von AKBA und NDGA auf humane 5-LOX aufklären. Dabei wurde eine neue allosterische Bindeseite, die durch 3-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswelliasäure (AKBA) ausgefüllt wird, entdeckt und so die Regiospezifität der Oxygenierungsreaktion verändert, womit ein Wechsel von entzündungsfördernden zu -auflösenden Lipidmediatoren erfolgt. Außerdem könnten wir durch AKBA eine gesteigerte Bildung von anti-entzündlichen „specialized pro-resolving mediators“ (SPM) beobachten, welche auf der Aktivierung von 15-LOX-1 beruht. AKBA induziert die 15-LOX-Oxygenierung auf Grund direkter allosterischer Bindung, die mittels in silico Modellen sowie ortsspezifischer Mutagenese nachgewiesen werden konnte. Die Modulation des Lipidmediatorprofiels durch AKBA erfolgt demnach durch die Interaktion mit verschiedenen entzündungsassoziierten Lipoxygenasen. Diese Erkenntnisse können für neue Konzepte zur Behandlung von Entzündungen genutzt werden
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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