1,721,074 research outputs found

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Learning Science Through Enacted Astronomy

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    The Human Orrery is a representation of the Solar System at a human scale, on which positions of planets over time are symbolized by different discs. Learners can then walk along the orbits of the planets with the right pace. This pedagogical tool uses the principles of enacted cognition to promote a better understanding of the scientific laws of dynamics. Enaction assumes that cognition is based on action. Applied to pedagogy, it implies that learning of concepts must be based on gestures and perceptions first. I applied during 2 years an enacted pedagogical sequence using our Human Orrery to different populations of learners. The main purpose was the understanding of velocity and inertia by KS4 classes (14–16 years old). Interviews and closed questions reveal a qualitative enhancement of the motivation and well-being of the learners during the enacted sequence. To evaluate further the impact of the enacted sequence, I formulated 2 open questions. The first one concerns the relation between distance, duration, and velocity through the period of planets. The second one focuses on inertia and gravity through the comparison of the free fall of an apple on Earth and the orbit of the Moon around Earth. The questions were asked to KS4 pupils after the enacted sequence (experimental classes) and to KS4, undergraduate and pre-teachers after a classical lecture on dynamics (demonstration classes). Quantitative analysis of the answers reveals specific cognitive insight, especially for students reasoning about velocity and trajectories. The general purpose of this paper is thus to illustrate the use of the Human Orrery in the context of science education in the classroom and to make a first, preliminary demonstration of its efficiency

    Vivre les Corps célestes avec le Corps Apprenant.

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    International audienceCette contribution a pour objectif de présenter une pratique d’apprentissage utilisant le corps en tant que langage, outil de médiation de savoirs réputés abstraits dans l’apprentissage des sciences, à travers un dispositif particulier : le planétaire humain, représentation des orbites du Système Solaire à échelle humaine. L’orbite de chaque planète est matérialisée par des points au sol, qu’il faut suivre en rythme. Le planétaire associe ainsi la gestualité du corps aux notions de cinématique et de dynamique. Les similarités et oppositions entre la physiologie du corps qui perçoit un mouvement et les théories scientifiques du mouvement des planètes, justifient la nécessité de faire vivre des mouvements particuliers pour enrichir notre bibliothèque perceptuelle. Une telle proposition a été mise en place lors d’une formation en master au cours de laquelle les étudiants ont réussi à reproduire les mouvements des planètes à partir d’une succession de mouvements libres, ou guidés par le planétaire humain. Les ressentis des étudiants et leur expérience vécue montrent une compréhension riche et nouvelle des mouvements des planètes. Ces observations qualitatives ont pour objectif d’inciter le lecteur à tenter l’expérience du corps apprenant devenu corps céleste

    L’Astronomie pour l’éducation dans l’espace francophone

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    Actes du colloque AstroEdu-FR 2021, 7 - 9 janvier 2021International audienceLe colloque Astronomie pour l’éducation dans l’espace francophone (AstroEdu-FR) s’est tenu du 7 au 9 janvier 2021, en hommage à Jean-Claude Pecker et sous le patronage de l’Académie des sciences de France. Son objectif était de proposer un état des lieux des pratiques et des objectifs qui se cachent derrière les termes « astronomie à l’école ». Cette première édition a réuni 258 participants, essentiellement des enseignants et deschercheurs, ainsi que des formateurs et médiateurs, tous francophones, venant de France métropolitaine, d’outre-mer et de 16 autres pays.Cet ouvrage, conçu à partir des différentes contributions au colloque, couvre plusieurs thèmes autour des pratiques enseignantes et de la formation : liens écoles-chercheurs ; pluridisciplinarité ; modéliser ; observer et expérimenter ; images ; maquettes ; logiciels et jeux sérieux ; livres, manuels et BD ; difficultés rencontrées ; égalité des chances

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    Vivre les Corps célestes avec le Corps Apprenant

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    International audienceCette contribution a pour objectif de présenter une pratique d’apprentissage utilisant le corps en tant que langage, outil de médiation de savoirs réputés abstraits dans l’apprentissage des sciences, à travers un dispositif particulier : le planétaire humain, représentation des orbites du Système Solaire à échelle humaine. L’orbite de chaque planète est matérialisée par des points au sol, qu’il faut suivre en rythme. Le planétaire associe ainsi la gestualité du corps aux notions de cinématique et de dynamique. Les similarités et oppositions entre la physiologie du corps qui perçoit un mouvement et les théories scientifiques du mouvement des planètes, justifient la nécessité de faire vivre des mouvements particuliers pour enrichir notre bibliothèque perceptuelle. Une telle proposition a été mise en place lors d’une formation en master au cours de laquelle les étudiants ont réussi à reproduire les mouvements des planètes à partir d’une succession de mouvements libres, ou guidés par le planétaire humain. Les ressentis des étudiants et leur expérience vécue montrent une compréhension riche et nouvelle des mouvements des planètes. Ces observations qualitatives ont pour objectif d’inciter le lecteur à tenter l’expérience du corps apprenant devenu corps céleste
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