2,638 research outputs found
ADAM SMITH'S VIEW OF HISTORY: CONSISTENT OR PARADOXICAL?
No full textThe conventional interpretation of Adam Smith is that he is a prophet of commercialism. The liberal capitalist reading of Smith is consistent with the view that history culminates in commercial society. The first part of the article develops this optimistic interpretation of Smith's view of history. Smith implies that commercial society is the end of history because 1) it supplies the ends of nature that he identifies; 2) it is inevitable; and 3) it is permanent. The second part of the article shows that Smith has some dark moments in his writings where he seems to reject completely such teleological notions. In this more civic humanist mood he confesses that commercial society does not supply the ends of nature, nor is it inevitable, nor is it permanent. Both views exist in Smith and the commentator is forced to choose between passages in Smith's work in order to support a particular interpretation of the former's view of history.Political Economy,
THE THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF ADAM SMITH'S WORK
No full textThe paper will discuss the theological foundation to Smith's writings. Teleology, final causes and divine design were initially seen as central to understanding Smith's writings. Over time, this view fell out of fashion. In the period after World War II, with the rise of positivism, commentators tended to overlook or downplay this interpretation. In the last decade, or so, teleology has started to be restored to its former position as an essential element in understanding Smith. After spelling out Smith's teleology and his view of final causes, divine design and the ends of nature, we try to explain the Panglossian nature of the 'new theistic view' of Smith. While our view differs somewhat, we agree with the essence of the 'new view' claim: a theological view exists in Smith which underpins his moral and economic theories.Political Economy,
Dissolving the Chimera of the ‘Adam Smith Problem’
No full textIn The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith set out his influential theory that societies achieve prosperity by securing the freedom of individuals to pursue their own end by the means they choose within a framework of rules of justice. In his earlier work The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith developed his thesis about the origins of our moral sentiments and the emergence of rules of justice. The socalled ‘Adam Smith Problem’ concerns the perceived inconsistency between Smith’s defence of selfinterest in the Wealth of Nations and his emphasis of sympathy as the origin of moral sentiments in the earlier work. The existence of the ‘Adam Smith Problem’ has been contested by many writers. The present author provides a number of new arguments to demonstrate the illusory nature of the problem by revisiting the key elements Smith’s moral theory. The author argues that the problem dissolves when the role of justice in providing the conditions of free trade is understood. Smith’s tirade against wealth worship is explained as part of his defence of justice and not a condemnation of wealth accumulation. According to this reading, the Theory of Moral Sentiments is a powerful statement of the moral basis of capitalism.
Wildlife value orientations: Understanding Mississippians for more effective and inclusive wildlife conservation
No full textMy dissertation served two primary purposes: 1) assess the measurement and structural model properties of the Wildlife Value Orientations (WVO) scale in a unique geographical context, and across two historically underserved groups in wildlife conservation, namely African American and females; and 2) examine Mississippians’ value orientations, beliefs, attitudes, norms, and behavior towards wildlife that could be used by wildlife professionals to create more salient and effective wildlife conservation programs. I conducted a statewide survey of the general public in Mississippi resulting in 1,335 respondents. Using this data, I conducted confirmatory factor analysis on the 4-construct WVO model and found, after model respecification, a 3-construct model met acceptable model fit thresholds. I determined the scale was metrically invariant across race and gender subgroups which was critical for unbiased cross-group comparisons. Structural equation modeling analysis of the WVO cognitive model resulted in an alternative model where wildlife-related recreation subjective norms were found to be a mediator between wildlife-related beliefs and recreational attitudes. Multi-group analysis found that African Americans and Caucasians similarly conceptualized the WVO cognitive model with the exception of wildlife-related recreation attitudes not being as strong of a behavioral predictor for African Americans compared to Caucasians. Similarly, wildlife-related subjective norms were a stronger predictor of recreation behavioral intentions for males than females. Females demonstrated a significantly stronger negative relationship between mutualism and wildlife management attitudes towards lethal control of wildlife. Lastly, I found three WVO types existed in Mississippi: utilitarian, pluralist, and mutualist. African Americans were found to be more mutualistic, possess less favorable attitudes towards wildlife-related recreation, and participate less in those activities than Caucasians. Similarly, females demonstrated more mutualistic orientations and in turn expressed less favorable attitudes towards lethal control of wildlife and wildlife-related recreation, and participated less in recreation compared to males. In sum, I found the WVO scale and WVO cognitive model were reliable and valid predictors of behavioral intention. While further refinement of the scale and model are needed, the instruments presented in this study should prove to be valuable in developing wildlife conservation programs that reflect the values and attitudes of Mississippians
X3D_model
No full textTitle: Zang tumb tuuum
Author: Marinetti, F. T. (1876-1944)
Date: 1914
Dimensions: 225 page portfolio
Details: Original printed orange wrappers; in cloth case. Inscribed by the author on front fly-leaf.
Link to catalog record
This model was created with Agisoft Metashape from 144 images captured by Harvard Library Imaging Services, Widener Library using a Nikon D810 and Zeiss 100mm lens at f/16, 1/60sec
Tagging of Biomedical Articles on CiteULike: A Comparison of User, Author and Professional Indexing
No full textThis paper examines the context of online indexing from the viewpoint of three different groups: users, authors, and professional indexers. User tags, author keywords and descriptors were collected from academic journal articles, which were both indexed in Pubmed and tagged on CiteULike, and analysed. Descriptive statistics, informetric measures, and thesaural term comparison shows that there are important differences in the use of keywords between the three groups in addition to similarities which can be used to enhance support for search and browse. While tags and author keywords were found that matched descriptors exactly, other terms which did not match but provided important expansion to the indexing lexicon were found. These additional terms could be used to enhance support for searching and browsing in article databases as well as to provide invaluable data for entry vocabulary and emergent terminology for regular updates to indexing systems. Additionally, the study suggests that tags support organisation by association to task, projects and subject while making important connections to traditional systems which classify into subject categories
Legal regulation of prices in Tanzania : an examination of the Regulation of Prices Act 1973 as a tool of social change and development
No full textDrawing mainly from the Tazanian experience this study
attempts to review the principal issues in the legal regulation of
prices, by identifying both the general and specific importance
of law in this respect. The position I shall present is that
legal control is both necessary and desirable for the welfare
and social development of the people. The key issue is whether
the market-place will perform its function satisfactory: Will
it produce socially desirable results? If it will not, why will
it not? And will legal regulation help to do the job a little
better?
In an attempt to answer some of these questions,
first of all, outline the basic issues raised by the study in
the first Chapter. Then I examine the general case for price
controls - the theory about the controls, the motives and reasons
for their imposition and the manner in which they are effected
in different economic systems. This is done in Chapter Two. Relying
most on the available literature on the regulatory process, this
Chapter also looks at the relationship between law and economic
regulation and concludes that the effectiveness of law depends
on the existence of a conducive socio-economic environment. In
Chapter Three I describe the past record of price control laws
in Tanzania. I conclude that despite the failure in the past,
the controls still constitute an important policy instrument
in the transition to socialism. In Chapters Four and Five I describe
the manner in which the current regulations are implemented and
the problems encountered. I conclude that the operational performance
of the controls is constrained by internal and external influences on the economic and political life of the country. In the concluding
Chapter I assess the impact of the controls: Do the controls
work? Do people buy goods at the controlled prices? Why today
the controls are almost popularly accepted as worthwhile? I conclude
that while there may be no measurable economic gains derived
by consumers, the controls have a stabilising effect on the social
and political front. In the final section I argue that the
future success of the legislation depends on creating a correspondence
between the economic structures and the control system. What
makes the controls ineffective is not so much defects in the
law but the contradictions between the orientation of and functioning
of the economic system and the ideological commitment
Different Faces of Elegy in the Poetry of Adam Zagajewski
No full textThe article analyses Adam Zagajewski’s poems that observe the elegiac convention.While summarizing the existing critical thought on the function of elegia in Zagajewski’s poetry, the author presents his own interpretations of selected works. He proves that the elegiac form, realised in Zagajewski’s work in many different ways, is not just an expression of the poet’s nostalgia for the past. By recalling past events, by remembering his deceased friends, and bymaintaining thememory of the victims of the Holocaust, Zagajewski makes the lyrical hero of his poems the guardian of the past. This remembrance must be allowed to influence the [email protected]ł Filologiczny, Uniwersytet GdańskiBiedrzycki Krzysztof (2008), Poezja i pamięć. O trzech poematach Czesława Miłosza, Zbigniewa Herberta i Adama Zagajewskiego, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.Burkot Stanisław (1977), Spotkania z poezją współczesną, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Szkolne i Pedagogiczne.Czabanowska-Wróbel Anna (2005), Poszukiwanie blasku. O poezji Adama Zagajewskiego, Kraków: Universitas.Doktór Roman (1999), Polska elegia oświeceniowa, Lublin: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski.Gleń Adrian (2018), Języki rzeczywistości. O twórczości Juliana Kornhausera, Kraków: Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne.Kalwas Piotr Ibrahim (2015), Egipt: haram halal, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Dowody na Istnienie.Klejnocki Jarosław (2002), Bez utopii? Rzecz o poezji Adama Zagajewskiego, Wałbrzych: Ruta.Kuczera-Chachulska Bernadetta (2002), Przemiany form i postaw elegijnych w liryce polskiej XIX wieku, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego.Lacoue-Labarthe Phillippe (2004), Poezja jako doświadczenie, przeł. J. Margański, Gdańsk: Słowo/Obraz Terytoria.Legeżyńska Anna (1999), Gest pożegnania. Szkice o poetyckiej świadomości elegijno-ironicznej, Poznań: Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne.Piotrowska Henryka (1977), Elegia, w: Słownik literatury polskiego Oświecenia, red. T. Kostkiewiczowa, Wrocław: Ossolineum, s. 93–99.Ritz German (1993), Postmodernizm liryczny albo co przytrafiło się Adamowi Zagajewskiemu w drodze do Lwowa, przeł. A. Nasiłowska, „Teksty Drugie”, nr 1, s. 55–73.Ubertowska Aleksandra (2007), Świadectwo – trauma – głos. Literackie reprezentacje Holocaustu, Kraków: Universitas.Walcott Derek (2015), Elegista, przeł. R. Gorczyńka, w: I cień i światło... O twórczości Adama Zagajewskiego, red. A. Czabanowska-Wróbel, Kraków: Wydawnictwo a5, s. 9–28.Zagajewski Adam (1990), Płótno, Paryż: Zeszyty Literackie.Zagajewski Adam (1991), Dwa miasta, Paryż: Biblioteka Zeszytów Literackich, Kraków: Oficyna Literacka.Zagajewski Adam (1994), Ziemia ognista, Poznań: Wydawnictwo a5.Zagajewski Adam (2003), Powrót, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak.Zagajewski Adam (2005), Anteny, Kraków: Wydawnictwo a5.Zagajewski Adam (2009), Niewidzialna ręka, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak.Zagajewski Adam (2014), Asymetria, Kraków: Wydawnictwo a5.Zagajewski Adam (2019), Prawdziwe życie, Kraków: Wydawnictwo a5.1926528
Do unique mechanisms underlie the expression of attention problems in anxious and inattentive-impulsive youth?: implications for differential diagnosis and treatment
No full textAccumulating evidence suggests that unique mechanisms may underlie the expression of attention problems in youth Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) and anxiety disorders (e.g., AD/HD-Inattentive Type and Generalized Anxiety Disorder). Kendall (2000) proposed that anxiety may be associated predominantly with emotion-based “distortions” in cognitive processing (e.g., misappraisal of the social/interpersonal environment, attentional bias toward perceived threat/danger), while inattention in AD/HD youth may be linked to more global cognitive “deficiencies” (e.g., selective/sustained attention, inhibitory control; Barkley, 1997). The current study compared performance of anxious (ANX; n=21; 8-17 years), inattentive-impulsive (I-I; n=22, 9-16 years), and typically developing children (NC; n=22; 8-13 years) on neurocognitive tests of both general (Stroop Color-Word Test, SCW; Conners’ Continuous Performance Test, CPT) and emotion-based attentional processes (Emotional Stroop, ES; Faces Dot Probe Task, FDP). As hypothesized, I-I demonstrated poorer sustained attention and inhibitory control, as evidenced by lower CPT commission error raw scores, relative to ANX and NC, and a non-significant trend toward higher CPT omission error T-scores, relative to ANX. In addition, ANX demonstrated superior selective attention, relative to I-I, as indicated by higher SCW raw scores (i.e., more items completed in 45 seconds), higher SCW T-scores, and fewer SCW errors. As predicted, ANX demonstrated greater attentional bias toward threat cues, relative to I-I, as indicated by greater FDP bias scores in response to angry faces. No significant group differences were found in bias scores on happy or sad trials. In addition, ANX showed a trend toward significant “absolute bias” scores (i.e., relative to zero) in response to angry faces alone, suggesting a potential emotion-specific attentional bias toward threat cues in anxious youth; I-I exhibited an “absolute bias” toward sad faces, alone. ES bias scores were not significant and did not distinguish between groups. The findings provide initial evidence for the neuropsychological differentiation of attention problems in anxious (i.e., threat-related attentional bias) and inattentive-impulsive children (i.e., general selective/sustained attention), suggesting the potential utility of cognitive assessment as an aid for differential diagnosis and subsequent treatment of youth anxiety and AD/HD.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-66)by Adam Scott Weissma
OVERCOMING POSITIVISM IN ECONOMICS: AMARTYA SEN'S PROJECT OF INFUSING ETHICS INTO ECONOMICS
No full textLogical Positivism, which arose in philosophy early in the twentieth century, proclaimed the sharp distinction between facts and values. Despite objections at the time, positivism was imported into economics in the 1930s. Over time, objections lessened; economics was transformed and ethical considerations were driven out of its core. In the 1950s, debates about positivism arose within the discipline which had exported it. According to the American philosopher Hilary Putnam, the fact/value distinction is now discredited in philosophy. If that is so, the methodological foundations of contemporary economics are also discredited. In this article I examine Amartya Sen’s moral science of economics. First, I will present his historical account of the connections between economics and ethics. Sen claims that there was a close connection between the two until positivism was imported. Second, I will sketch some of Sen’s ethical objections to modern economics, which is still suffering from positivism. Finally, I will lay out some of his ideas on how economics can be returned to an ethical path. Once the ground has been cleared of positivism, ethics can re-emerge in economics in various ways. One path has been marked out by Sen.Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,
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